CN115812533A - Method for rapidly recovering bitter thorn population - Google Patents
Method for rapidly recovering bitter thorn population Download PDFInfo
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- CN115812533A CN115812533A CN202211455297.1A CN202211455297A CN115812533A CN 115812533 A CN115812533 A CN 115812533A CN 202211455297 A CN202211455297 A CN 202211455297A CN 115812533 A CN115812533 A CN 115812533A
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 241000193388 Bacillus thuringiensis Species 0.000 claims description 6
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly recovering a bitter thorn population, which comprises the following steps: 1. breeding a propagule bank, including processing and planting propagules, breeding management and the like; 2. throwing seeds in a propagule bank, wherein the throwing seed conditions, plant pruning, seed throwing density and the like are included; 3. maintenance management, including water level control, pest control and the like; 4. population monitoring and biological quantity control. The method can ensure that the common sowthistle herb population has obvious recovery effect, high initial survival rate and short seedling recovery time, stably expands the population at the later stage, can quickly recover the common sowthistle herb population and promotes the ecological recovery of the water body. The method is easy to implement, simple and convenient to operate, low in cost, quick in effect and good in popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a submerged plant community restoration and reconstruction technology. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for rapidly restoring a population of bitter herbs.
Background
The genus eel (Vallisneria) belongs to submerged herbaceous plants of the family Hydroxydae, is one of the most common and important advantages of the shallow lake ecosystem, can grow well in still water or running water of freshwater lakes, ditches, ponds, inland waterways, and is an important food for herbivorous fishes and aquatic birds. The plant has strong adaptability, low light demand, deep water resistance, rapid growth and strong reproductive capacity, and is considered to be an excellent material for relieving the eutrophication process of the water body and reconstructing submerged vegetation.
There are 3 kinds of bitter plants in China, including bitter (Physium natans Loureiro), bitter (Vallisneria spinosa S.Z. Yan) and bitter (Vallisneria denserulata Makino), which have two kinds of vegetative and sexual reproduction modes. Wherein, the tape grass is mainly propagated sexually, after producing the seed, the plant will all die, and the stolon is more in the growing period; the Sophora davidii Maxim is an evergreen perennial plant in the south, the overground part can overwinter, but the stolons are fewer in the growing period; the overground part of the giant spiny eel is dead in winter, overwintering is carried out by winter buds, and stolons are more in the growing period. Therefore, the common sowthistle herb is the first pioneer species for ecological restoration and reconstruction of aquatic vegetation.
When the aquatic vegetation is restored and rebuilt, because the ecological balance of the damaged water body is broken, the artificial auxiliary restoring submerged plant planting method is the key. Through the inquiry of Chinese patent database and Chinese knowledge network database, about 13 patents and 6 articles in total for recovering the picrasma plant population, the main planting methods include an inserting planting method (5 patents), a throwing planting method (9 patents) and a sowing method (2 patents, all seeds of the picrasma are sown). Comprehensive analysis, the prior art method has the following disadvantages: 1. the insertion planting method is to directly insert the roots of plants into soft substrate mud in a target area, has high labor intensity and is limited by the water depth and substrate conditions. 2. The throw-planting method is to wrap the root of a plant with materials such as mud, gauze, plastic cloth, agar gel and the like, and directly throw the plant in a target area, and the wrapped objects and the like are easy to scatter and run off, so that the survival rate of the plant is low, or the wrapped materials limit the growth of the plant, so that the growth state of the plant is not good. 3. The sowing method is to sow seeds in a target area, and the seedling rate of the seeds is low, the recovery period is long and the effect is not ideal due to the influence of external conditions and the biological characteristics of aquatic plants. In addition, there are problems that it is difficult to stably amplify colonies or populations in large areas, and that it is difficult to collect large quantities of the seeds of the sowthistle. Therefore, there is a need to develop a technique for restoring the population of the common sowthistle herb with low cost, easy operation, high survival rate and stable population expansion.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of rapidly recovering the population of the submerged plant of the bittersweet, and aims to provide a bittersweet population recovery method which has low cost, easy operation, high survival rate and stable population expansion. The method has the advantages of high livability of the common sowthistle herb, short seedling recovery time, stable amplification of later-stage population, rapid recovery of the common sowthistle herb population in the water body and promotion of the ecological recovery of the water body. The method has the advantages of low cost, quick response, simple operation and good popularization.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: a method for rapidly recovering a bitter thorn population comprises the following steps:
step 1, breeding of propagule bank
1.1 container and matrix: digging fresh pond sludge, and filling into a cave disk with the depth and the caliber of 5-7 cm;
1.2 propagule treatment: selecting a robust bittersweet plant, and trimming the robust bittersweet plant into a plant with the height of 10cm;
1.3 planting method: planting the 1.2-treated bittersweet plants in the 1.1-treated hole trays, wherein the planting density is 2-4 plants per hole, and the planting depth is 2-3cm;
step 2, throwing seeds in a propagule bank
2.1 seed throwing time: culturing the propagule bank for more than 30 days; the water temperature of the seed throwing water body is lower than 15 ℃ at night;
2.2 pruning plants: pruning the plant height to 10-15cm;
2.3 seed throwing density: the seed throwing density is 20-30 holes per square meter;
step 3, maintenance management
3.1 water level control: the early water level is controlled to be 0.3-0.5m, and along with the growth of plants, the water level can be gradually increased to be not more than 2 times of the transparency of the water body, generally within 1.2 m;
3.2 avoiding animals in the water body from taking food: in the recovery period of the sward grass population, animals in the water body are prevented from eating the sward grass;
step 4, population monitoring and biological quantity control
When the cover degree of the submerged vegetation reaches more than 40 percent, a grass type clear water body can be constructed; when the vegetation cover degree is 40% -70%, the grass-type clear water body can be maintained; and when the vegetation coverage is more than 70%, carrying out biological quantity control on the bitter thorn grass population.
Preferably, the step 1 further comprises:
1.4 avoiding animals in the water body to take food: and in the breeding period of the propagule bank, animals in the water body are prevented from eating.
Preferably, the step 1 further comprises:
1.5 preventing and treating hydroplania nubilalis: adult insects are killed by using the trap lamp, and the insect source base number is reduced; manually removing egg masses in the peak egg laying period; catching larvae by using a net bag in a larva incubation peak period; spraying Bacillus thuringiensis or fenitrothion emulsion in larval stage.
Preferably, the step 1 further comprises:
1.6 sponge treatment: the duty is arranged and irrigated; when a small area occurs, manual salvage processing is adopted; spraying triphenyltin acetate WP when the occurrence area reaches 30%, and not draining water outwards 30 days after application.
Preferably, the step 2 further comprises:
2.4 not to scatter the clods with the propagule bank; when seeds are thrown, the seeds need to be thrown on the water surface evenly.
Preferably, the step 3 further comprises:
3.3 prevention and treatment of hydroplania: adult insects are killed by using the trap lamp, and the insect source base number is reduced; manually removing egg masses in the peak egg laying period; catching larvae by using a net bag in a larva incubation peak period; spraying Bacillus thuringiensis or fenitrothion emulsion in larval stage.
Preferably, the step 3 further comprises:
3.4 sponge treatment: the duty is arranged and irrigated; when a small area occurs, manual salvage processing is adopted; spraying triphenyltin acetate WP when the occurrence area reaches 30%, and not draining water outwards 30 days after application.
Preferably, the measures for controlling the biological quantity of the limonium populations in the S4 are to increase the throwing of the grass carps or to manually harvest the grass carps.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: the invention utilizes the characteristics that the creeping stem and the winter bud of the bittersweet can grow new plant individuals for asexual propagation, and the new individuals generated by the asexual propagation have higher growth speed and higher seedling rate than the sexual propagation seedling under the field environment, and innovatively provides the technical scheme of adopting a throw-planting asexual propagule bank to quickly recover the bittersweet population. The method solves the defects and limitations of the prior art when the bitter herbs are planted in an artificial auxiliary way, such as the high labor intensity of the insertion planting method and the limitation of the water depth and the substrate condition; the survival rate of the plants is low by the throwing planting method, and the growth state is not good; the seeding method has low seedling rate, long recovery period, unsatisfactory effect and the like. Meanwhile, the problems of stable expansion of the picrasma rorhiza population and formation of a large-area survival stable population at the late planting stage are solved. The method is simple and easy to implement, convenient to operate, low in cost, quick in effect and good in popularization.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1) Hardly limited by the water depth condition;
2) The influence of the substrate is small, and the method is particularly suitable for the water area environment with soft bottom mud;
3) The seedling recovery time is short;
4) The emergence rate of the propagule bank is high, and the survival rate of seedlings is high;
5) The plant growth is good, and the population is stably amplified;
6) Low labor intensity, simple and easy operation.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying examples. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the invention based on these teachings. Before the present invention is described with reference to the following examples, it should be noted that: the technical solutions and features provided in the present invention in the respective sections including the following description may be combined with each other without conflict.
Moreover, the embodiments of the present invention described in the following description are generally only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Therefore, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples and embodiments, which are as follows:
the invention provides a method for rapidly recovering a bitter thorn population, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, breeding of propagule bank
1.1 container and matrix: digging fresh pond sludge, and filling into a cave disk with the depth and the caliber of 5-7 cm;
1.2 propagule treatment: selecting a robust bittersweet plant, and trimming the robust bittersweet plant into a plant with the height of 10cm;
1.3 planting method: planting the 1.2 treated bittersweet plants in the 1.1 treated hole tray, wherein the planting density is 2-4 plants per hole, and the planting depth is 2-3cm;
step 2, throwing seeds in a propagule bank
2.1 seed throwing time: culturing the propagule bank for more than 30 days; the water temperature of the seed throwing water body is lower than 15 ℃ at night, and seeds can be thrown in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river basin within 5-8 months;
2.2 pruning the plants: pruning the plant height to 10-15cm;
2.3 seed throwing density: the seed throwing density is 20-30 holes per square meter;
step 3, maintenance management
3.1 water level control: the early water level is controlled to be 0.3-0.5m, and along with the growth of plants, the water level can be gradually increased to be not more than 2 times of the transparency of the water body, generally within 1.2 m;
3.2 avoiding animals in the water body to take food: in the recovery period of the picrasma rorhiza population, water animals such as fishes, shrimps and the like are prevented from eating;
step 4, population monitoring and biological quantity control
When the cover degree of the submerged vegetation reaches more than 40 percent, a grass type clear water body can be constructed; when the vegetation cover degree is 40% -70%, the grass-type clear water body can be maintained; when the vegetation coverage is more than 70 percent, the biological quantity control of the limonium populations is required.
The technical scheme can also comprise the following technical details so as to better realize the technical effects: the step 1 further comprises:
1.4 avoiding animals in the water body to take food: in the breeding period of the propagule storehouse, aquatic animals such as fishes, shrimps and the like are prevented from eating the propagule.
The technical scheme can also comprise the following technical details so as to better realize the technical effects: the step 1 further comprises:
1.5 preventing and treating hydroplania nubilalis: adult insects are killed by utilizing the trap lamp, so that the insect source base number is reduced; manually removing egg masses in the peak egg laying period; catching larvae by using a net bag in a peak period of larva incubation; in the larval stage, 1500 times of Bacillus thuringiensis or 800 times of fenitrothion emulsion can be sprayed.
The technical scheme can also comprise the following technical details so as to better realize the technical effects: the step 1 further comprises:
1.6 sponge treatment: the duty is arranged and irrigated; when a small area occurs, manual salvage processing is adopted; spraying 25% of triphenyltin acetate WP when the occurrence area reaches 30%, wherein the dosage is 300-450 g/hm 2 And does not drain water to the outside 30 days after the application.
The technical scheme can also comprise the following technical details so as to better realize the technical effects: the step 2 further comprises the following steps:
2.4 notes: scattering soil blocks in the propagule bank as far as possible; when seeds are thrown, the seeds need to be thrown on the water surface evenly.
The technical scheme can also comprise the following technical details so as to better realize the technical effects: the step 3 further comprises:
3.3 prevention and treatment of hydroplania: adult insects are killed by utilizing the trap lamp, so that the insect source base number is reduced; manually removing egg masses in the peak egg laying period; catching larvae by using a net bag in a larva incubation peak period; in the larval stage, 1500 times of Bacillus thuringiensis or 800 times of fenitrothion emulsion can be sprayed.
The technical scheme can also comprise the following technical details so as to better realize the technical effects: the step 3 further comprises:
3.4 sponge treatment: the duty is arranged and irrigated; when a small area occurs, manual salvage processing is adopted; spraying 25% of triphenyltin acetate WP when the occurrence area reaches 30%, wherein the dosage is 300-450 g/hm 2 And does not drain water to the outside 30 days after the application.
The technical scheme can also comprise the following technical details so as to better realize the technical effects: and in the S4, the measures for controlling the biological quantity of the eel grass population are to increase the grass carp throwing amount or to harvest the grass carps manually.
Example 1
A method for rapidly recovering a bitter thorn population comprises the following steps:
step 1, breeding of propagule bank
1.1 container and substrate. In middle ten days of the 5 th month in 2021, fresh pond sludge is dug and filled into a 21-hole plug with the single-hole caliber and the depth of 6.5 cm.
1.2 propagule treatment. Selecting robust bittersweet plants, and pruning the plants to be 10cm in plant height.
1.3 planting method. Planting the 1.2 treated bittersweet plants in the 1.1 treated hole trays, wherein the planting density is 4 plants per hole, and the planting depth is 2-3cm.
1.4 avoid animals in the water body to take food. In the breeding period of the propagule storehouse, aquatic animals such as fishes, shrimps and the like are prevented from eating the propagule.
1.5 preventing and treating hydroplania. And (3) installing a trap lamp to trap and kill imagoes, spraying 800 times of a 50% fenitrothion emulsion for 1 time to prevent and control the hydroplania cartilaginosa, and avoiding the hazard of the hydroplania cartilaginosa during the breeding period of propagules.
1.6 processing with spirogyra. The labor and the logistics irrigation are adopted, the small area is salvaged, and the large area of spirogyra does not occur during the breeding period of the propagules.
Step 2, throwing seeds in a propagule bank
2.1 throwing seed time. Seed is thrown in middle and last ten days of 6 months in 2021.
2.2 pruning the plants. The height of the cut plant is 10cm.
2.3 seed throwing density. The seed throwing density is 20 holes per square meter.
2.4 notes. The soil blocks with the propagule bank are prevented from being scattered as much as possible; when seeds are thrown, the seeds need to be thrown on the water surface evenly.
Step 3, maintenance management
3.1 water level control. The water level in the early stage is controlled to be 0.3-0.5m, and the water level is maintained to be 1-1.2 m along with the growth of plants.
3.2 avoiding animals in the water body to take food. In the recovery period of the spiny eel grass population, the aquatic animals such as fishes, shrimps and the like are prevented from eating.
3.3 preventing and treating hydroplania. No harm of the hydroplania nubilalis occurs.
3.4 treating with spirogyra. Spraying 25% triphenyltin acetate WP with the dosage of 300g/hm 2 And does not drain water 30 days after application.
Step 4, population monitoring and biological quantity control
When the cover degree of the submerged vegetation reaches more than 40 percent, a grass type clear water body can be constructed; when the vegetation cover degree is 40% -70%, the grass-type clear water body can be maintained; when the coverage is more than 70 percent, the biological quantity control of the eel grass population is required, and the grass carp feeding or manual harvesting can be properly increased.
Control group 1-sowing method
The bitter herb seeds are not collected temporarily in the field, and the bitter herb seeds are adopted for sowing contrast. In middle 5 th of 2021, sowthistle seeds were sown in the adjacent pools of example 1 at the same time of seed throwing, and the water quality and environment were the same. The number of sowing holes is the same as 1.3 planting density in example 1, 20 holes per square meter, the seed consumption is 10 grains/hole, and the water level is maintained at 3-5cm. The remaining management methods are the same as in steps 3 and 4 of example 1.
Control group 2-transplanting method
In 5-month middle of 2021, the thoracopteris was planted in the adjacent pools of example 1 by bamboo-cutting at the same time as the seed-throwing. The propagule treatment method of 1.2 in example 1 is adopted, 4 plants per hole are adopted in the same method as that of 1.3 in example 1, and the planting density is 20 holes per square meter. The planting method adopts soft bottom mud which is directly inserted into the target area at the root of the plant. The remaining management methods are the same as in steps 3 and 4 of example 1.
Contrast group 3-mud wrapping throwing planting method
In the middle 5 th of 2021, the sowthistle grass was planted in the adjacent pools of example 1 by the mud wrapping throwing method at the same time of throwing the seeds. The propagule treatment method of 1.2 in example 1 is adopted, 4 plants per hole are adopted in the same method as that of 1.3 in example 1, and the planting density is 20 holes per square meter. The planting method comprises the steps of wrapping 4 plants of the tape grass by using pond sludge, and wrapping the tape grass by using non-woven fabrics to directly plant in a target area. The remaining management methods are the same as in steps 3 and 4 of example 1.
Control group 4-throwing planting method without pruning
In the middle 5 th of 2021, the method of throw planting plants the bittersweet in the adjacent ponds of example 1 without pruning at the same time as the seeds are thrown. Only the plants in step 2.2 are not trimmed and the cultivated propagule bank is directly thrown into the planting area. The remaining steps were the same as in example 1.
After 1 month of seed throwing, the survival rate, plant height and population coverage of the bitter amaranth of example 1 and control groups 1-4 were investigated and shown in table 1. After the method of the embodiment 1 of the invention is used for 1 month, the survival rate of the planted picrasma roxburghii is up to 95%, the growth height of the plant is up to 40-60cm, the vegetation coverage is up to 60%, and the purpose of rapidly recovering the picrasma roxburghii population is realized. The condition of recovering the labor for water surface of unit area is comprehensively considered, and the recovery effect of the picrasma quassioides population is obviously superior to that of a sowing method, a bamboo pole inserting planting method and a mud wrapping throwing planting method.
TABLE 1
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A method for rapidly recovering a bitter thorn population is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, breeding of propagule bank
1.1 container and matrix: digging fresh pond sludge, and filling into a cave disk with the depth and the caliber of 5-7 cm;
1.2 propagule treatment: selecting a robust bittersweet plant, and trimming the robust bittersweet plant into a plant with the height of 10cm;
1.3 planting method: planting the 1.2 treated bittersweet plants in the 1.1 treated hole tray, wherein the planting density is 2-4 plants per hole, and the planting depth is 2-3cm;
step 2, throwing seeds in a propagule bank
2.1 seed throwing time: culturing the propagule bank for more than 30 days; the water temperature of the seed throwing water body is lower than 15 ℃ at night;
2.2 pruning plants: pruning the plant height to 10-15cm;
2.3 seed throwing density: the seed throwing density is 20-30 holes per square meter;
step 3, maintenance management
3.1 water level control: the early water level is controlled to be 0.3-0.5m, and the water level can be gradually increased to be not more than 2 times of the transparency of the water body along with the growth of plants;
3.2 avoiding animals in the water body from taking food: in the recovery period of the sward grass population, animals in the water body are prevented from eating the sward grass;
step 4, population monitoring and biological quantity control
When the cover degree of the submerged vegetation reaches more than 40 percent, a grass type clear water body can be constructed; when the vegetation cover degree is 40% -70%, the grass-type clear water body can be maintained; and when the vegetation coverage is more than 70%, carrying out biological quantity control on the bitter thorn grass population.
2. The method for rapidly restoring a population of bitter thorn according to claim 1, wherein said step 1 further comprises:
1.4 avoiding animals in the water body to take food: and in the breeding period of the propagule bank, animals in the water body are prevented from eating.
3. The method for rapidly restoring a population of bitter thorn according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said step 1 further comprises:
1.5 preventing and treating hydroplania nubilalis: adult insects are killed by utilizing the trap lamp, so that the insect source base number is reduced; manually removing egg masses in the peak egg laying period; catching larvae by using a net bag in a peak period of larva incubation; spraying Bacillus thuringiensis or fenitrothion emulsion in larval stage.
4. A method for rapidly restoring a population of bittersweet as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said step 1 further comprises:
1.6 sponge treatment: the duty is arranged and irrigated; when a small area occurs, manual salvage processing is adopted; spraying triphenyltin acetate WP when the occurrence area reaches 30%, and not draining water outwards 30 days after application.
5. The method for rapidly restoring a population of bitter thorn according to claim 1, wherein said step 2 further comprises:
2.4 not to scatter the clods with the propagule bank; when seeds are thrown, the seeds need to be thrown on the water surface evenly.
6. The method for rapidly restoring a population of bitter thorn according to claim 1, wherein said step 3 further comprises:
3.3 prevention and treatment of hydroplania: adult insects are killed by utilizing the trap lamp, so that the insect source base number is reduced; manually removing egg masses in the peak egg laying period; catching larvae by using a net bag in a larva incubation peak period; spraying Bacillus thuringiensis or fenitrothion emulsion in larval stage.
7. The method for rapidly restoring a population of bitter thorn according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that said step 3 further comprises:
3.4 sponge treatment: the duty is arranged and irrigated; when a small area occurs, manual salvage processing is adopted; spraying triphenyltin acetate WP when the occurrence area reaches 30%, and not draining water outwards 30 days after application.
8. The method for rapidly restoring a population of tape grass according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing the biomass control of the population of tape grass in S4 is to increase the feeding of grass carps or to manually harvest the grass carps.
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