CN115804314A - Cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of Dongzhi pomelos - Google Patents
Cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of Dongzhi pomelos Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of east test early pomelos, and relates to the technical field of agriculture and forestry cultivation. The method takes the coarse lemons as the stocks, provides a complete management method from the grafted seedlings to the saplings and the fruit bearing trees, fully utilizes the influence of the coarse lemons on the pomelo trees, and compared with the traditional method of adopting the grapefruit stock grafting, the method has the advantages that the blooming and the fruiting are advanced, the yield of the pomelo is improved, the capital investment is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and forestry cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of east test early pomelos.
Background
The east test early pomelo is an early-maturing excellent variety which is selected from variant individuals of a batch of pomelo seedlings, and belongs to one of white-pulp honey pomelos. The Dong-test early pomelo is rich in fruit pulp, rich in juice, moderate in sour and sweet taste, good in taste and high in nutritional value, and fruits are ripe in Germany-Honghui and 9-10 months in Dong-test early pomelo, so that the Dong-test early pomelo is a good item for being presented to relatives and friends before and after mid-autumn festival. According to the statistics of the shaddock association in the Reylio city, the planting area of the whole city reaches 1400hm by 2022 years 2 The fruit bearing area reaches 500hm 2 The annual total yield is 10000t, and the total yield is 6000 more than ten thousand yuan. In recent years, the retail price of the east test early pomelos is maintained at 16-25 yuan/piece, the economic benefit is high, and the cultivation area is exponentially increased.
The pomelos are grafted and propagated, most of water and nutrients are absorbed by root systems of the stocks, and the stocks of different types have resistance to acid, alkali, barren, drought, low temperature, diseases, insects and the like and have large difference in absorption capacities of different nutrients, so that the activity and the fertilizer absorption capacity of the root systems of the pomelos are influenced. The same pomelo scion variety and different rootstock varieties can cause the characteristics of the pomelo such as the adaptability to the environment, the growth vigor, the flowering result and the like to be different.
However, the east test early pomelos planted after grafting of conventional stock varieties such as sour pomelos and the like start fruiting 4-5 years after planting, the production is late, and more capital needs to be invested in the early stage. Therefore, the method needs to change the existing east test early pomelo stock variety and production management method, solves the key technology of early fruiting and high yield of east test early pomelo, and is a technical measure for improving and advancing income demand of fruit growers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of east test early pomelos.
The invention provides a cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of east test early pomelos, which comprises the following steps: sequentially backfilling straws and/or weeds, a mixture of decomposed farmyard manure, phosphate fertilizer and surface soil to a position higher than the ground in the planting furrows or planting holes, and planting the grafted seedlings of the Dong test early pomelos; the grafted seedling takes coarse lemon as a stock;
after the grafted seedlings survive, the management of saplings and the management of bearing fruit trees are carried out;
the sapling management comprises: applying the ternary compound fertilizer to each plant for multiple times, wherein the application amount of the ternary compound fertilizer increases by 10-20% in sequence each time; applying 20-30 kg of decomposed farmyard manure once in winter; keeping 3-4 robust branches above 60cm of the trunk, and wiping the top tips of the branches to form a high-yield crown;
the fruit tree management comprises the following steps: irrigating once every 15-20 days in a flower bud differentiation period, a bud period and a flowering period every year; fertilizing 1 time respectively after the shaddock is harvested, after flowers are withered, in the fruit expansion period and the fruit strengthening period; and trimming in winter after picking fruits.
Preferably, the specification of the planting furrows or planting holes is as follows: the width is 80-100 cm, and the depth is 60-80 cm.
Preferably, during backfilling, the consumption of the decomposed farmyard manure is 30-50 kg per planting hole, the consumption of the phosphate fertilizer is 1.0-2.0 kg per planting hole, and the mixture of the decomposed farmyard manure, the phosphate fertilizer and the surface soil is backfilled to a position 30cm higher than the ground.
Preferably, the row spacing of the grafted seedlings is (4-6) mx (5-7) m.
Preferably, during management of the saplings, the ternary compound fertilizer comprises a high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer, and the high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer is N and P 2 O 5 And K 2 The mass of O is 16-6-8;
the high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer is applied for 8-10 times in total, and the first fertilizing amount is 20 g/plant.
Preferably, when the fruit trees are managed, the fruit trees are fertilized in a fertilization ditch which is dug at a water dripping line of a diagonal line of the tree body and is replaced once a year.
Preferably, the fertilizing during the management of the fruit bearing trees comprises: applying warm winter fertilizer in the fertilizing ditch for one time after the shaddock is harvested, wherein the warm winter fertilizer comprises 30-50 kg of organic fertilizer, 1-2 kg of balanced ternary compound fertilizer and 1-2 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are applied to each plant for burying pruned branches and leaves;
applying stable fruit fertilizer in the fertilizing ditch for 1 time after the flowers withering, wherein 0.5-0.8 kg of balanced ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each plant;
applying an expanded fruit fertilizer in the fertilizing ditch for 1 time in the fruit expansion period, wherein each plant is applied with 1.0-1.5 kg of high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer;
applying fruit-strengthening fertilizer in the fertilizing ditch for 1 time in the fruit-strengthening period, wherein 1.5-2.0 kg of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each plant;
the balanced ternary compound fertilizer is N and P 2 O 5 And K 2 The mass of O is 15-15-15, and the high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is N and P 2 O 5 And K 2 The mass of the O is 16-8-20.
Preferably, when the warm winter fertilizers are applied, digging deep ditches with the length of 1.0-1.5 m, the width of 0.3-0.4 m and the depth of 0.4-0.5 m under the waterline of each tree crown according to the east-west direction or the north-south direction, burying the pruned branches and leaves into the ditch bottom, backfilling the mixed soil of the fertilizers into the ditch, and covering the surface layer with soil;
when the stable fruit fertilizer is applied, digging a shallow trench with the length of 1-1.5 m, the width of 0.1-0.15 m and the depth of 0.05-0.1 m below a dripping line of each tree crown according to the east-west direction or the north-south direction, scattering the fertilizer into the shallow trench, uniformly mixing the fertilizer with soil in the trench, and then returning the soil to cover the shallow trench;
when the swelling fruit fertilizer is applied, the application direction of the fruit fertilizer is reversed under the dripping line of each tree crown, shallow trenches with the length of 1-1.5 m, the width of 0.1-0.15 m and the depth of 0.05-0.1 m are dug, the fertilizer is scattered into the shallow trenches and is evenly mixed with the soil in the trenches, and then the shallow trenches are covered by returning soil; when the fruit strengthening fertilizer is applied, the direction of the drop line below the water line of each tree crown is opposite to that of the fruit stabilizing fertilizer, a shallow trench with the length of 1-1.5 m, the width of 0.1-0.15 m and the depth of 0.05-0.1 m is dug, the fertilizer is scattered into the shallow trench, is uniformly mixed with soil in the trench, and is then covered by soil.
Preferably, pest control is included during both the management of saplings and the management of fruiting trees.
Preferably, winter pruning is carried out after fruit picking, and the pruning principle comprises the following steps: the upper part is heavy and the lower part is light, the outer part is heavy and the inner part is light, the spindly branches, the upright branches and the insect-infected branches are trimmed, dense branch groups are thinned and deleted, and robust branches with medium growth vigor and flatly drooped fruit branches are remained.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of east test early pomelos, which takes coarse lemons as stocks and provides a complete management method from grafting seedlings to saplings and fruit trees, makes full use of the influence of the coarse lemons on pomelos, and compared with the traditional method of adopting sour pomelo stock grafting, the method has the advantages that the pomelos can be bloomed and fruited in advance, the yield of the pomelos is improved, the capital investment is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved. Specifically, by adopting the cultivation method, the pomelo begins to bear fruits (10-20 per plant) in the second year after field planting, and reaches high yield (30-40 per plant) in the third year, so that the pomelo can bear fruits in advance and economic benefits are generated in advance; the method can reduce the using times and the using quantity of the fertilizer and the pesticide and save the cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 shows the fruiting status of east trial early shaddock in the third year according to the cultivation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a fruit set of east test early pomelos in the third year in the cultivation method of comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 shows the fruit bearing state of east test early shaddock in the third year according to the cultivation method of comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of east test early pomelos, which comprises the following steps: sequentially backfilling straws and/or weeds, decomposed farmyard manure, a mixture of phosphate fertilizer and surface soil to a position higher than the ground in the planting furrows or planting holes, and planting grafted seedlings of the Dong test early pomelos; the grafted seedlings take coarse lemons as rootstocks;
after the grafted seedlings survive, young tree management and fruiting tree management are carried out;
the sapling management comprises: applying the ternary compound fertilizer to each plant for multiple times, wherein the application amount of the ternary compound fertilizer increases by 10-20% in sequence each time; applying 20-30 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per plant once in winter; keeping 3-4 robust branches above 60cm of the trunk, and wiping the top tips of the branches to form a high-yield crown;
the fruit tree management comprises the following steps: irrigating once every 15-20 days in a flower bud differentiation period, a bud period and a flowering period every year; fertilizing 1 time respectively after the shaddock is harvested, after flowers are withered, in the fruit expansion period and the fruit strengthening period; and trimming in winter after picking fruits.
The grafted seedlings take coarse lemons as stocks, grafting can be carried out when the diameter of the seedling of the coarse lemons at the position 15cm away from the ground reaches more than 0.5cm, the grafting method preferably comprises a single-bud cutting method, and the seedlings are outplanted when the plant height reaches 50-60 cm after grafting for 60-90 days. The cultivation process of the seedlings of the coarse lemons preferably comprises the following steps: harvesting when the coarse lemon fruits are fully ripe, rinsing seeds, sowing, and transplanting seedlings into a planting bag when the seedlings grow to 8-10 cm, wherein the height of the planting bag is 35cm, the opening width diameter is 12.5cm, and the bottom diameter is 12.5cm. The specific operation method of the single-bud cutting and grafting method is not particularly limited, and the conventional method in the field can be utilized.
The invention carries out transplanting and field planting on grafted seedlings out of a nursery, the row spacing of the planted seedlings is (4-6) mx (5-7) m, the specific field planting density is slightly different according to different land building, for example, the grafted seedlings are planted on a sloping field or a terrace according to the row spacing multiplied by the row spacing of 4-5 mx 5-6 m, and the grafted seedlings are planted on a flat ground according to the row spacing multiplied by the row spacing of 5-6 mx 6-7 m. According to the invention, the grafted seedling is preferably planted in the planting ditch or planting hole, and the specification of the planting ditch or planting hole is preferably as follows: the width is 80-100 cm, the depth is 60-80 cm, and a mixture of a base fertilizer and backfilled soil and a fertilizer is placed in the planting ditch or the planting hole and backfilled to a position 30cm above the ground. The present invention preferably puts straws, weeds, etc. to the bottom of the planting furrows or planting holes, and then applies a mixture of decomposed farmyard manure, phosphate fertilizer and top soil. The invention has no special limit on the putting amount of the straws, the weeds and the like, and can be put according to the field situation, and the amount of the straws, the weeds and the like can be more or less, so that the aim of loosening the soil is fulfilled.
The backfilling amount of the mixture is explained by taking planting holes as an example, and 30-50 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 1.0-2.0 kg of phosphate fertilizer are applied to each hole; the specific dosage of the planting furrows is based on the planting quantity, and each planting furrow is calculated and added according to two to three planting holes. The invention carries out the field planting of the grafted seedling on the small soil bag which is higher than the planting hole or the planting ditch, and the seedling is righted during the field planting, the planting is not suitable to be too deep, and the grafting opening is forbidden to be buried in the soil.
According to the method, young tree management can be performed in the current year after field planting, and fruiting tree management can be performed in the second year, wherein the young tree management preferably comprises fertilizer and water management, pruning and shaping and pest control; the management of the fruiting trees preferably comprises water management, fertilization management, pruning and shaping and pest control.
During management of saplings, the fertilizer and water management preferably comprises observing seedling conditions after planting and keeping soil moist, wherein the seedling conditions are not too dry (the water content of the soil is 60-80%); after the young pomelo seedlings survive, the young trees are mainly fertilized for 8 to 10 times in the first year in a field planting mode by using a high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer as a main component, and the fertilizing amount is gradually increased by 10 to 20 percent from 20g of each young tree. The compound fertilizers in the invention are ternary compound fertilizers (N-P) 2 O 5 -K 2 O), and the proportion of the balance compound fertilizer is 15-15-15, the proportion of the high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer is 16-6-8, and the proportion of the high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is 16-8-20. The pruning and shaping of the saplings preferably comprise the steps of reserving 3-4 robust branches above 60cm of a trunk, erasing the top tips of the branches, promoting the growth of lateral buds and forming high-yield crowns. In the young tree period, when pest control is carried out, pesticide spraying control is carried out according to the occurrence characteristics of various diseases and pests, veratrine (1000-1500 times), mineral oil (150-200 times), mancozeb (600-800 times) are continuously sprayed for 2 times in 3-5 months, mites are mainly controlled, and other pests are controlled in a combined mode; continuously spraying high-efficiency cyhalothrin (1000-1500 times), spirotetramat (2500-3000 times) and thiophanate methyl (600-800 times) for 2-3 times for 7-9 months to prevent and treat thrips, leaf miner, scale insect and the like, and also to treat butterfly, anthracnose and the like; spraying mineral oil (150-200 times), copper oxychloride (800-1000 times) and mancozeb (6) once again in winter of 12 months00-800 times) to carry out garden cleaning.
The method enters into fruit bearing tree management in the second year after transplanting and planting, and the water management preferably comprises the following steps: the pomelo tree is not suitable for large-area irrigation in the flower bud differentiation period (water content is 40-50%), the bud period (water content is 60-70%) and the flowering period (water content is 60-80%), otherwise, a large amount of flowers and fruits fall, but the pomelo tree cannot be too dry, and micro-spraying or drip irrigation can be carried out every 15-20 days. After blooming, when young fruits are stable, irrigation is needed to keep soil moist (the water content is 70-80%). In rainy season, water irrigation can be avoided, water drainage and waterlogging prevention are required, the harvesting period is started after 9-10 months, irrigation is stopped, soil humidity is kept dry, and conversion of pomelo fructose is promoted. When the fruit hanging tree is used for fertilizing, slightly different from the young tree, a fertilizing ditch with the width of 30-40 cm and the depth of 30-40 cm is dug outwards at the water dripping line of the diagonal line of the tree body (the diagonal line is replaced every year), if pomelo fruits are harvested, the winter fertilizer is kept for 1 time generally from 11 middle ten days to 12 middle ten days, branches and leaves are trimmed and buried, 30-50 kg of organic fertilizer is applied, 1-2 kg of balanced compound fertilizer and 1-2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied, and the organic fertilizer and the soil are fully mixed and then buried in the fertilizing ditch; applying stable fruit fertilizer for 1 time after flower withering (in the middle and last ten days of 4 months), wherein the balance compound fertilizer is 0.5-0.8 kg; 1.0-1.5 kg of high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time in the fruit expansion period (5 months); 1.5-2.0 kg of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time in the fruit-strengthening period (6 months). For example, in the embodiment of the invention, the branch and leaf pruning and burying are to dig a ditch with the length of 1.0-1.5 m, the width of 0.3-0.4 m and the depth of 0.4-0.5 m according to the east-west direction or the south-north direction under the dripping line of each tree crown, and then bury the branch and leaf pruning and burying the ditch at the bottom of the ditch; the warm keeping winter fertilizer is prepared by applying decomposed organic fertilizer 30-50 kg, balanced compound fertilizer 1.0-2.0 kg and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 1.0-2.0 kg to each plant, fully mixing with soil and filling into fertilizing ditches; the stable fruit fertilizer is prepared by digging shallow ditches with the length of 1.0-1.5 m, the width of 0.1-0.15 m and the depth of 0.05-0.1 m below the dripping line of each tree crown according to the east-west direction or the south-north direction, broadcasting 0.5-0.8 kg of balanced compound fertilizer in the shallow ditches, and mixing with soil to cover; the fruit expanding fertilizer is applied in the reverse direction of the fruit stabilizing fertilizer under the water dropping line of each tree crown, a shallow trench with the length of 1.0 to 1.5m, the width of 0.1 to 0.15m and the depth of 0.05 to 0.1m is dug, 1 to 1.5kg of high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer is scattered into the shallow trench, is uniformly mixed with soil and is covered by the soil; the fruit strengthening fertilizer is applied to the lower part of the water dropping line of each tree crown in the reverse direction to the fruit stabilizing fertilizer, a shallow trench with the length of 1-1.5 m, the width of 0.1-0.15 m and the depth of 0.05-0.1 m is dug, 1.5-2.0 kg of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is sprinkled into the shallow trench, is uniformly mixed with the soil, and is covered with the soil.
During bearing of fruit trees, the pruning and shaping of the invention preferably comprises winter pruning after fruit picking, the pruning principle is that the upper part is heavy and the lower part is light, the outer part is heavy and the inner part is light, the pruning is that the bare-headed branches, the upright branches, the branches with diseases and insects are pruned, the dense branch groups are thinned and cut, and the robust branches with medium length and the fruit branches with flat and oblique drooping are reserved. When pest control is carried out, pesticide spraying control is carried out according to the occurrence characteristics of various diseases and pests, veratrine (1000-1500 times), mineral oil (150-200 times), mancozeb (600-800 times) are continuously sprayed for 2 times before flowering (2-4 months), so that mite control is mainly carried out, and other pests are controlled in a combined manner; in the young fruit period (5-6 months), high-efficiency cyhalothrin (1000-1500 times), imidacloprid (5000-6000 times) and thiophanate methyl (600-800 times) are continuously sprayed for 2 times to prevent thrips, leaf miner, scale insect and the like mainly, and simultaneously, other pests are prevented and controlled in a combined manner; after 7-9 months, continuously spraying imidacloprid (5000-6000 times), spirotetramat (2500-3000 times) and chlorothalonil (600-800 times) for 2-3 times, mainly preventing and treating ticks, thrips and leaf miners, and also treating butterfly, anthracnose and the like; spraying mineral oil (150-200 times), copper oxychloride (800-1000 times) and mancozeb (600-800 times) once in winter to clean the garden.
P in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content of the organic fertilizer is preferably more than or equal to 18 percent, and the organic fertilizer is preferably poultry and livestock manure or a mixture of the poultry and livestock manure and cake fertilizer. In the invention, the bactericide and the insecticide used in the chemical prevention and control of the orchard diseases and pests are purchased in the market and sold, and the pesticide meets the national pesticide safe use standard.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of east test early pomelo provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Cultivation of seedlings
a. Selecting the rootstock: taking coarse lemons as stock varieties;
b. stock seedling cultivation: harvesting the coarse lemon fruits when the coarse lemon fruits are fully ripe, sowing the seeds after rinsing the seeds, transplanting the seedlings into a planting bag when the seedlings grow to 8-10 cm, and grafting when the diameter of the coarse lemon at a position 15cm away from the ground reaches more than 0.5 cm;
c. cultivating grafted seedlings: grafting by taking east test early pomelos as a scion variety, and taking out the nursery after 60-90 days of grafting and when the plant height of the nursery stock reaches 50-60 cm by adopting a single-bud cutting grafting method;
(2) Transplanting and field planting
a. Planting density: 4m × 5m;
b. excavating planting furrows: digging a planting ditch with the width of 80cm and the depth of 60cm;
c. and (3) base fertilizer and backfilling soil: 30cm of straws, weeds and the like are placed at the bottom of each hole, then 40kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 1.0kg of phosphate fertilizer are applied to each hole, the fertilizer and surface soil are fully mixed and then backfilled to the positions above the straws and the weeds, and the backfilling height is 60cm;
d. the planting method comprises the following steps: during planting, the seedlings are righted, the planting is not suitable to be too deep, and the grafting openings are forbidden to be buried in soil.
(3) Post-planting sapling management
a. And (3) fertilizer and water management: observing the seedling condition after planting, keeping the soil moist, and not being too dry (the water content of the soil is 60-80%); after the pomelo seedlings survive, the young trees mainly use high nitrogen compound fertilizer to fertilize for 8 times in the first year in a field planting mode, and the fertilizing amount is gradually increased by 20 percent from 20g of each plant;
b. pruning and shaping: reserving 3-4 robust branches above 60cm of the trunk, erasing the top tips of the branches, promoting the growth of lateral buds and forming high-yield crowns;
c. and (3) pest control: spraying pesticide for preventing and controlling various diseases and pests, continuously spraying veratrine (1000-1500 times), mineral oil (1000-1500 times), mancozeb (600-800 times) for 2 times in 3-5 months so as to mainly prevent and control mites, and simultaneously preventing and controlling other pests; continuously spraying efficient cyhalothrin (1000-1500 times), spirotetramat (2500-3000 times), thiophanate methyl (600-800 times) for 2-3 times for 7-9 months to prevent and treat thrips, leaf miner, scale insect, and the like, and also to treat butterfly, anthracnose, and the like; spraying mineral oil (150-200 times), copper oxychloride (800-1000 times) and mancozeb (600-800 times) once again in winter for 12 months to clean the garden.
(4) Fruiting tree management
a. Water content management: the large-area irrigation of the pomelo tree is not suitable in the flower bud differentiation period, the bud period and the flowering period, otherwise, a large amount of flowers and fruits fall, but the pomelo tree cannot be too dry, and micro-spraying or drip irrigation can be carried out every 15 to 20 days. After blooming, when young fruits are stable, irrigation is needed to keep soil moist. In rainy season, water irrigation can be avoided, water drainage and waterlogging prevention are required, the harvesting period is started after 9-10 months, soil humidity is kept dry, and pomelo fruit sugar conversion is promoted;
b. fertilization management: after the pomelo fruit is harvested, digging a fertilizing ditch which is 30-40 cm wide and 30-40 cm deep and is arranged at the water dripping line of the diagonal line of the tree body (the diagonal line is replaced every year) outwards in the middle 11 to 12 months generally, keeping warm for 1 time after using winter fertilizer, burying branches and leaves after pruning, applying 30-50 kg of organic fertilizer, 1-2 kg of balanced compound fertilizer and 1-2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, fully mixing the organic fertilizer with soil, burying the mixture in the fertilizing ditch, and covering the soil with the mixture and applying the warm winter fertilizer; applying stable fruit fertilizer for 1 time after flower withering (in the middle and last ten days of 4 months), wherein 0.5-0.8 kg of balanced ternary compound fertilizer is applied; applying 1.0-1.5 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer to expand the fruit fertilizer for 1 time in the fruit expansion period (5 months); 1.5-2.0 kg of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer fruit-strengthening fertilizer is applied for 1 time in the fruit-strengthening period (6 months).
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the branch and leaf pruning and burying are that under the waterline of each tree crown, a ditch with the length of 1.0-1.5 m, the width of 30-40 cm and the depth of 30-40 cm is dug according to the size of the tree crown in the east-west direction or the north-south direction, and then the branch and leaf pruning and burying are carried out at the bottom of the ditch.
The warm winter-keeping fertilizer is that a fertilizing ditch with the width of 0.3 to 0.4m and the depth of 0.3 to 0.4m is dug outwards at the water dripping line of the diagonal line of the tree body under the water dripping line of each tree crown according to the east-west direction or the north-south direction, and the fertilizing ditch is dug to be 1.0 to 1.5m according to the size of the tree crown; 40kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer and 1.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to each plant, fully mixed with soil and then buried in a fertilizing ditch. Mixing the fertilizers, mixing with soil, backfilling the ditch and covering the surface layer with the soil.
The application of the fruit stabilizing fertilizer is to dig a shallow trench with the length of 1.0 to 1.5m, the width of 0.1 to 0.15m and the depth of 0.05 to 0.1m under the water dropping line of each tree crown in the east-west direction or the north-south direction, to broadcast 0.8kg of balanced compound fertilizer in the shallow trench, to be uniformly mixed with the soil in the trench, and to return the soil to cover.
The application of the fruit expanding fertilizer is that the fruit expanding fertilizer and the fruit stabilizing fertilizer are applied reversely under the dripping line of each tree crown, a shallow ditch with the length of 1.0 to 1.5m, the width of 0.1 to 0.15m and the depth of 0.05 to 0.1m is dug, 1.0kg of high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer is scattered into the shallow ditch, is uniformly mixed with soil in the shallow ditch, and is then covered by soil returning.
The application of the fruit strengthening fertilizer is that the application of the fruit stabilizing fertilizer is reversed under the drip line of each tree crown, a shallow trench with the length of 1.0 to 1.5m, the width of 0.1 to 0.15m and the depth of 0.05 to 0.1m is dug, 1.5kg of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is sprinkled into the shallow trench, is uniformly mixed with soil in the trench, and is covered by soil again.
c. Pruning and shaping: and (3) pruning in winter after picking fruits, wherein the pruning principle is that the upper part is heavy and the lower part is light, the outer part is heavy and the inner part is light, trimming bare-grown branches, upright branches and insect-infected branches, thinning and deleting dense branch groups, and reserving robust branches with medium growth vigor and flatly drooping fruit branches.
d. And (3) pest control: spraying pesticide for preventing and controlling various diseases and pests, continuously spraying veratrine (1000-1500 times), mineral oil (150-200 times), mancozeb (600-800 times) for 2 times before blooming (2-4 months), mainly preventing and controlling mites, and simultaneously preventing and controlling other pests; in the young fruit period (5-6 months), high-efficiency cyhalothrin (1000-1500 times), imidacloprid (5000-6000 times) and thiophanate methyl (600-800 times) are continuously sprayed for 2 times to mainly prevent and treat thrips, leaf miner, scale insect and the like, and simultaneously, other pests are prevented and treated in a combined manner; continuously spraying imidacloprid (5000-6000 times), spirotetramat (2500-3000 times) and chlorothalonil (600-800 times) for 2-3 times for 7-9 months so as to mainly prevent and treat ticks, thrips and leaf miners and also treat butterfly, anthracnose and the like; spraying mineral oil (150-200 times), copper oxychloride (800-1000 times) and mancozeb (600-800 times) once in winter to clean the garden.
Except for different stock varieties, the other nursery stocks have the same conditions of breeding, transplanting and cultivation and planting, 9 plants are selected for measurement in each treatment, the measurement is repeated for 3 times, and the yield statistics is carried out 2 to 3 years after the transplanting (shown in figures 1 to 3), and the results are shown in tables 1 to 2. In addition, 9 fruits (1 fruit for each plant of the coarse lemon stock and at least 1 fruit for the bearing tree of the grapefruit stock and the bitter orange stock) are selected for each treatment in 3 rd year after planting, and the results are shown in table 3.
Comparative example 1 grapefruit was used as stock.
Comparative example 2 fructus aurantii was used as rootstock.
TABLE 1 Effect of different rootstocks on the yield of east test morning pomelos (2 nd year after planting)
TABLE 2 Effect of different rootstocks on yield of east test morning pomelos (3 rd year after planting)
TABLE 3 Effect of different stocks on the quality of the east test early pomelo fruit (3 rd year after planting)
In conclusion, the traditional sour pomelo rootstock east test early pomelo is used for bearing fruit at the beginning of 3-4 years, and each plant bears 0-5 fruit. By adopting the technology, 10-20 fruits are grown on each plant in the second year, and the fruit growing quantity reaches 30-40 fruits on each plant in the third year, which is increased by 25-35 fruits per plant compared with the traditional cultivation. The mature eastern test early pomelos in the example 1 have moderate single fruit weight and thin and smooth pomelo peel; the pulp is refined and dregs are removed, the solid acid ratio is high, and the taste and flavor are excellent.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of east test early pomelos is characterized by comprising the following steps: sequentially backfilling straws and/or weeds, decomposed farmyard manure, a mixture of phosphate fertilizer and surface soil to a position higher than the ground in the planting furrows or planting holes, and planting grafted seedlings of the Dong test early pomelos; the grafted seedling takes coarse lemon as a stock;
after the grafted seedlings survive, the management of saplings and the management of bearing fruit trees are carried out;
the sapling management comprises: applying the ternary compound fertilizer for each plant for multiple times, wherein the fertilizing amount of the ternary compound fertilizer is increased by 10-20% in sequence each time; applying 20-30 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per plant once in winter; keeping 3-4 robust branches above 60cm of the trunk, and wiping the top tips of the branches to form a high-yield crown;
the fruit tree management comprises the following steps: irrigating once every 15-20 days in a flower bud differentiation period, a bud period and a flowering period every year; respectively applying fertilizers for 1 time after the shaddock is harvested, after flowers are withered, in the fruit expansion period and the fruit strengthening period; and trimming in winter after picking fruits.
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the specifications of the planting furrows or planting holes are as follows: the width is 80-100 cm, and the depth is 60-80 cm.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of the decomposed farmyard manure is 30 to 50 kg/planting hole and 1.0 to 2.0 kg/planting hole of phosphate fertilizer, and the mixture of the decomposed farmyard manure, the phosphate fertilizer and the surface soil is backfilled to a position 30cm higher than the ground surface.
4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the grafted seedlings is (4-6) mx (5-7) m.
5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the ternary compound fertilizer comprises a high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer consisting of N and P when the saplings are managed 2 O 5 And K 2 The mass of O is 16-6-8;
the high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer is applied for 8-10 times in total, and the first fertilizing amount is 20 g/plant.
6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the fruit trees are planted by applying fertilizer in a fertilizer application ditch which is dug at a water dropping line on a diagonal line of a tree body and which is replaced every year.
7. The cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the fertilization in the management of the fruit bearing trees comprises: applying warm winter fertilizer once in the fertilizing ditch after the pomelo fruit is harvested, wherein the steps of burying trimmed branches and leaves are carried out, and 30-50 kg of organic fertilizer, 1-2 kg of balanced ternary compound fertilizer and 1-2 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are applied to each plant;
applying stable fruit fertilizer in the fertilizing ditch for 1 time after the flowers fall off, wherein each plant is applied with 0.5-0.8 kg of balanced ternary compound fertilizer;
applying an expanded fruit fertilizer in the fertilizing ditch for 1 time in the fruit expansion period, wherein each plant is applied with 1.0-1.5 kg of high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer;
applying strong fruit fertilizer in the fertilizing ditch for 1 time in a strong fruit period, wherein each plant is applied with 1.5-2.0 kg of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer;
the balanced ternary compound fertilizer is N and P 2 O 5 And K 2 The mass of O is 15-15-15, and the high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is N and P 2 O 5 And K 2 The mass of the O is 16-8-20.
8. The cultivation method according to claim 7, wherein when applying the warm winter fertilizer, digging deep ditches with the length of 1.0-1.5 m, the width of 0.3-0.4 m and the depth of 0.4-0.5 m in the east-west direction or the north-south direction under the drip line of each tree crown, burying the pruned branches and leaves into the bottom of the ditches, mixing the fertilizers with soil, backfilling the ditches, and covering the surface layer with soil;
when the stable fruit fertilizer is applied, digging a shallow trench with the length of 1-1.5 m, the width of 0.1-0.15 m and the depth of 0.05-0.1 m under the water dripping line of each tree crown according to the east-west direction or the north-south direction, scattering the fertilizer into the shallow trench, uniformly mixing the fertilizer with soil in the trench, and then returning the soil to cover the shallow trench;
when the swelling fruit fertilizer is applied, the application direction of the fruit fertilizer is reversed under the dripping line of each tree crown, shallow trenches with the length of 1-1.5 m, the width of 0.1-0.15 m and the depth of 0.05-0.1 m are dug, the fertilizer is scattered into the shallow trenches and is evenly mixed with the soil in the trenches, and then the shallow trenches are covered by returning soil;
when the strong fruit fertilizer is applied, the direction of the drop line of each tree crown is opposite to that of the stable fruit fertilizer, shallow trenches with the length of 1-1.5 m, the width of 0.1-0.15 m and the depth of 0.05-0.1 m are dug, the fertilizer is scattered into the shallow trenches, is uniformly mixed with soil in the trenches, and is then covered by soil returning.
9. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein pest control is included during both the management of the saplings and the management of the fruiting trees.
10. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fruit is harvested and then trimmed in winter, and the trimming principle comprises: the upper part is heavy and the lower part is light, the outer part is heavy and the inner part is light, the spindly branches, the upright branches and the insect-infected branches are trimmed, dense branch groups are thinned and deleted, and robust branches with medium growth vigor and flatly drooped fruit branches are remained.
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| ZA2023/04676A ZA202304676B (en) | 2022-12-20 | 2023-04-24 | Cultivation method for early fruiting and high yields of dongshi precocious pomelos |
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| CN105993808A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-10-12 | 西双版纳金河园林艺术有限公司 | Dongshizao type pumelo planting technology |
| US20200128756A1 (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-04-30 | Giang Yuke Ming | Method of planting grafted teak (tectona grandis) trees |
| CN114731894A (en) * | 2022-04-30 | 2022-07-12 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Shaping and trimming method for improving sugar degree of east test early pomelo fruit |
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- 2022-12-20 CN CN202211638711.2A patent/CN115804314A/en active Pending
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| CN105993808A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-10-12 | 西双版纳金河园林艺术有限公司 | Dongshizao type pumelo planting technology |
| US20200128756A1 (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-04-30 | Giang Yuke Ming | Method of planting grafted teak (tectona grandis) trees |
| CN114731894A (en) * | 2022-04-30 | 2022-07-12 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Shaping and trimming method for improving sugar degree of east test early pomelo fruit |
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