CN115735923B - Chemical emasculation agent for red large-leaf melon and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Chemical emasculation agent for red large-leaf melon and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- WVQBLGZPHOPPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(C)=C1N(C(C)COC)C(=O)CCl WVQBLGZPHOPPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant genetic breeding, in particular to a chemical emasculation agent for red large-leaf melon, a preparation method and application thereof. The active ingredients of the chemical androgens comprise: metolachlor and trifluralin. The concentration of the metolachlor is 0.5-1.2 mg/L. The concentration of the trifluralin is 0.2-0.7 mg/L. After the red large seed melon plants are treated by using the pollen-free pollination agent, male flowers on seed melon female parent materials lose pollination activity to cause sterility, the male sterility induction rate is as high as 98% -100%, and the pollen death rate is as high as 100%. Meanwhile, the chemical injury is slight, the female flowers are not influenced, the normal development and growth of plants are not influenced, the artificial emasculation link is omitted when the method is applied to production, the seed production cost of hybrid seeds is greatly reduced, the seed hybridization rate and the seed purity of the produced seeds are ensured, and the production efficiency of the hybrid seeds is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant genetic breeding, in particular to a chemical emasculation agent for red large-leaf melon, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Currently, heterosis is a common phenomenon in the biological community. The utilization of heterosis has achieved significant achievements in crops such as corn, rice, rape, sunflower, sugar beet and the like. The corn is the crop with earliest heterosis time and larger area, the cultivation and popularization of the hybrid corn is a milestone in the development history of seed commodity, and China is the first country for large-area popularization and application of hybrid rice and hybrid rape. According to statistics, the large-area popularization and application of the crop hybrid variety plays an important role in improving the crop breeding level and promoting the seed industry development in China. There are three types of approaches for crop utilization for heterosis: three-line hybrid, two-line hybrid and chemical male-killing hybrid. Chemical emasculation hybridization technology has been widely studied on crops such as rape, cotton, wheat, cotton and the like, and bred hybrids are widely popularized and applied in production and have remarkable economic benefits. The cytoplasmic male sterile line has the greatest advantages that after three lines are matched, the hybrid seed production is simple and the cost is low, but the sterile line is easily influenced by environmental illumination and temperature, and micro-fertilizer powder is produced, so that the purity of the hybrid seed is reduced; the nuclear male sterile line has the greatest advantages of easy selection and strong combination of advantages, but when in seed production, 50% of fertile plants need to be pulled out according to the female parent specific mark, thereby not only increasing the workload, but also affecting the purity and the yield of the hybrid seeds; the self-incompatibility has the phenomena of difficult breeding of pure lines, self-inbred decline and the like. The chemical emasculation agent is utilized to induce male sterility of the red large seed melon, and the hybrid seed melon has the characteristics of wide parent sources, free combination and selection, stable emasculation and abortion performance, no restriction of genotypes, no cytoplasmic effect, no need of breeding sterile lines and restorer lines, short breeding period, high frequency of screening strong dominant combinations, continuous and easy seed production, and the like, and becomes a new technology for researching and utilizing seed melon hybrid vigor.
As a characteristic seed crop in northwest areas, the red large-leaf seed melon has the advantages of drought tolerance, short growing period, light disease hazard, simple cultivation, high mechanization degree and the like, but in the production application, due to lack of sterile sources and other resources, the three-line, two-line and selfing self-incompatible line cannot be utilized to breed hybrid seeds, so that the aim of improving the yield and the quality by utilizing the hybridization advantages of the crops is fulfilled. Therefore, the hybrid seeds are selected by a chemical emasculation method, and the method becomes one of ideal ways for utilizing heterosis of the red large seed melon. The chemical androgens are sprayed in a period from the growth of crops to the development of crops, and can induce male sterility. The principle of inducing emasculation is to spray systemic chemical agent before or during the differentiation of plant male organs according to the tolerance degree difference of plant female stamens to medicine, and to prevent pollen formation or inhibit normal development of pollen to result in male sterility through a series of physiological and biochemical processes. The research of inducing male sterility by chemical inducer has become a research hot spot at home and abroad. The world leading level of the research on the utilization of the chemical induced male sterility in China is widely applied to crops such as wheat, rape and rice at present, more chemical androgens are screened out, however, the report of the research on the special chemical androgens and the application of the chemical androgens for the Hongdan seed melon is not seen so far.
Based on the reasons, research and exploration of a high-efficiency, low-cost and low-toxicity chemical emasculation agent suitable for the red large seed melon and a convenient application method thereof are important means for utilizing heterosis of the red large seed melon.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
The first object of the invention is to provide a chemical emasculation agent suitable for the red large seed melon, which is used for treating the red large seed melon plants, is male sterile, has slight phytotoxicity and does not affect the normal growth of the plants.
The second aim of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the chemical emasculation agent, which is simple and convenient, ensures that all components are fully mixed together and forms the agent with uniform content.
A third object of the present invention is to provide the use of the chemical androgens described above.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a chemical emasculation agent for red large-leaf melon, which comprises the following active components: metolachlor and trifluralin; the concentration of the metolachlor is 0.5-1.2 mg/L; the concentration of the trifluralin is 0.2-0.7 mg/L.
Further, the concentration of the metolachlor is 0.3-1.0 mg/L; the concentration of the trifluralin is 0.3-0.6 mg/L.
Further, the concentration of the metolachlor is 0.5mg/L; the concentration of the trifluralin is 0.3mg/L.
Further, an adhesive is also included.
Further, the adhesive is an organosilicon synergist.
Further, the concentration of the organosilicon synergist is 0.3-0.6 mg/L.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of preparing a chemical androgenic agent comprising the steps of:
(1) Adding water to the metolachlor to dissolve and fix the volume;
(2) Dissolving trifluralin in water, and fixing volume;
(3) And uniformly mixing the solution with the constant volume.
Further, before the step (3), the method further includes: the adhesive is diluted by adding water and the volume is fixed.
Further, in the step (3), the solution after the constant volume is mixed and stirred.
In another aspect, the invention provides the use of a chemical androgenic agent as a andrcidal agent for red-melon seed.
(III) beneficial effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) Provides a chemical emasculation agent suitable for the red large-leaf seed melon, and after the chemical emasculation agent is used for treating the red large-leaf seed melon plants, the induction rate of male sterility is up to 98% -100%, and the powder death rate is up to 100%. And the pesticide injury is slight, and has no influence on the normal growth of plants.
(2) The chemical emasculation agent is also added with an adhesive, so that the adhesion capability of the emasculation agent on the plant surface is improved, and the emasculation effect is ensured. The type of the adhesive is an organosilicon synergist, the effect of the medicament is not affected, and the concentration of the adhesive is preferably 0.3-0.5 mg/L.
(3) The invention also provides a simple and convenient preparation method of the chemical emasculation agent, so as to ensure that all the components are fully mixed together to form the agent with uniform content.
(4) The invention also provides the application of the chemical emasculation agent in serving as the emasculation agent for the Hongdao seed melon, so that male flowers on female parent materials of the seed melon lose pollination activity to cause sterility of the seed melon, and meanwhile, the female flowers are not influenced, normal development and growth of plants are not influenced, an artificial emasculation link is omitted in production, the seed production cost of hybrid seeds is greatly reduced, the hybridization rate and the seed purity of the produced seeds are ensured, and the production efficiency of the hybrid seeds is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of various concentrations of the chemical androgens of the present invention on pollen viability observed under a microscope;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect on stamens before and after the use of the chemical androgens of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a technical scheme of seed production using the chemical emasculation agent of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
Example 1:
0.52ml of 96% metolachlor is measured, 100ml of distilled water is added for full dissolution, and then the solution is transferred into a 500ml volumetric flask, and the volume is fixed to 500ml.
0.42Ml of 48% trifluralin is measured, 100ml of distilled water is added for complete dissolution, then the mixture is transferred into a 500ml volumetric flask, and the volume is fixed to 500ml.
And (3) mixing the two solutions with the constant volume together, and uniformly mixing to obtain the chemical emasculation agent suitable for the red large-sized seed melon. Wherein, the concentration of the metolachlor is 0.5mg/L, and the concentration of the trifluralin is 0.2mg/L.
Example 2:
1.15ml of 96% metolachlor is measured, 100ml of distilled water is added for full dissolution, and then the solution is transferred into a 500ml volumetric flask, and the volume is fixed to 500ml.
1.25Ml of 48% trifluralin is measured, 100ml of distilled water is added for complete dissolution, and then the mixture is transferred into a 500ml volumetric flask, and the volume is fixed to 500ml.
And (3) mixing the two solutions with the constant volume together, and uniformly mixing to obtain the chemical emasculation agent suitable for the red large-sized seed melon. Wherein, the concentration of the metolachlor is 1.1mg/L, and the concentration of the trifluralin is 0.6mg/L.
Example 3:
0.83ml of 96% metolachlor is measured, 100ml of distilled water is added for full dissolution, and then the solution is transferred into a 500ml volumetric flask, and the volume is fixed to 500ml.
0.83Ml of 48% trifluralin is measured, 100ml of distilled water is added for complete dissolution, then the mixture is transferred into a 500ml volumetric flask, and the volume is fixed to 500ml.
And (3) mixing the two solutions with the constant volume together, and uniformly mixing to obtain the chemical emasculation agent suitable for the red large-sized seed melon. Wherein, the concentration of the metolachlor is 0.8mg/L, and the concentration of the trifluralin is 0.4mg/L.
Example 4:
1.04ml of 96% metolachlor is measured, 100ml of distilled water is added for full dissolution, and then the solution is transferred into a 500ml volumetric flask, and the volume is fixed to 500ml.
1.04Ml of 48% trifluralin is measured, 100ml of distilled water is added for complete dissolution, and then the mixture is transferred into a 500ml volumetric flask, and the volume is fixed to 500ml.
And (3) mixing the two solutions with the constant volume together, and uniformly mixing to obtain the chemical emasculation agent suitable for the red large-sized seed melon. Wherein, the concentration of the metolachlor is 1.0mg/L, and the concentration of the trifluralin is 0.5mg/L.
Example 5:
1.04ml of 96% metolachlor is measured, 100ml of distilled water is added for full dissolution, and then the solution is transferred into a 500ml volumetric flask, and the volume is fixed to 500ml.
1.04Ml of 48% trifluralin is measured, 100ml of distilled water is added for complete dissolution, then the mixture is transferred into a 250ml volumetric flask, and the volume is fixed to 250ml.
0.4Mg of organosilicon synergist is measured, and water is added to dilute the organosilicon synergist to 250ml.
And (3) mixing all the three solutions with the constant volume, and uniformly mixing to obtain the chemical emasculation agent suitable for the red large-sized seed melon. Wherein, the concentration of the metolachlor is 1.0mg/L, the concentration of the trifluralin is 0.5mg/L, and the concentration of the organosilicon synergist is 0.4mg/L.
Please refer to fig. 1-3, experimental examples:
two years of field tests of 2019 and 2020 are respectively carried out, each treatment is carried out according to the district, each district is planted with about 120 plants in 6 rows, the row length is 4m, the row spacing is 0.5m, the plant spacing is 0.2m, the proper period is used for sowing, the seedlings are enabled to be aligned and strong, the field management is same as that of a general field, and the seedling emergence period, the vine throwing period and the flowering period are orderly and consistent. In the vine throwing period and the flowering period of the seed melon, the plant number of the male sterile rate of the seed melon in the pollination period is counted by taking the treatment as a unit and combining the pollen viability microscopic examination result and fertility standard, and the sterile plant rate and the phytotoxicity plant rate of each treatment are calculated.
(1) Treatment period and number of times: 2 spraying treatment periods are respectively T1 on the 3 rd day after a vine throwing period, wherein the vine throwing period is 50% of plant stems and vines begin to creeping growth; flowering period T2, 75% of plants were opened with the first flowers. Setting 3 repetitions in each period, wherein one repetition is spraying once; the second repetition is spraying twice, and the second spraying is performed 7 days after the first spraying; the triplicate was compared with clear water.
(2) Concentration of chemical emasculation: 2.08ml of 96% metolachlor is measured, distilled water is dissolved, and the volume is fixed to 500ml; weighing 2.08ml of 48% trifluralin, dissolving with distilled water, and fixing the volume to 500ml; and uniformly mixing the solutions to obtain 1000mL of chemical emasculation mother liquor of the red large-leaf melon.
Mother solutions were prepared and prepared to the concentrations shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 chemical androgen concentration gradient table
Note that: 0/0 in the table represents, respectively, the concentration of metolachlor (mg/L)/the concentration of trifluralin (mg/L).
When in use, each part of the organic silicon synergist is added, and the concentration of the organic silicon synergist in the chemical emasculation agent is 0.4mg/L.
The C2 concentration of the chemical androgens is the chemical androgens prepared in example 5 of the present invention. CK and C1, C3, C4 are control concentrations.
(3) Individual dose: the receiving amount of the single plant sprayed for the first time is 3ml, and the control treatment only sprays the corresponding amount of clear water. After the second spraying is performed for 7 days on the first spraying, the single plant receiving amount is 6ml.
(4) Effects of different treatment periods and times on plant fertility.
The data from the investigation of the effect of one application of the agent on fertility of the melon plants are shown in Table 2. The results show that the male sterility inductances of the red large seed melon are different in different spraying periods, the male sterility inductances in the flowering period (T2) are highest, and the male sterility inductances in the vine throwing period (T1) are lower. The male sterility inductivity of the primary agent sprayed at different periods is lower than 50%, and the difference of plant growth vigor and flowering phase morphology is smaller than that of a control plant.
TABLE 2 influence of one time of spraying of the drugs at different periods on plant fertility
As can be seen from Table 3, the secondary spraying has the highest induction rate of male sterility in the flowering phase (T2), such as 100% of plant sterility at C2 concentration; the induction rate of male sterility in the tendril-throwing period (T1) is low.
TABLE 3 influence of chemical emasculation on plant fertility by two sprays at different times
The results show that the spraying times have a great influence on the male sterility induction rate of the red-large seed melon, and the sterility induction rate of the secondary spraying is obviously higher than that of the primary spraying. The male sterility inductances of the red large seed melons in different treatment periods are different, and the male sterility inductances in the flowering phase (T2) are the highest no matter the male sterility inductances are sprayed once or twice. From the results, the early spraying (the vine throwing period T1) can not or less induce anther or pollen abortion when the plants do not reach the sensitive period of the drug; too late spraying, the pollen microspores develop to the stage after binuclear, and the sensitivity to the medicament is reduced, so that the pollen cannot completely abortion; the microspore in the flowering phase is in the mononuclear phase, is sensitive to the medicament, is easy to induce anther or pollen to be aborted, and has high male sterility rate.
(5) The effect of different spray concentrations on plant fertility.
Under the conditions of flowering phase (T2) and secondary spraying, the influence of different treatment concentrations on fertility of the melon plants is analyzed. As can be seen from Table 4, with the C1 concentration, the male sterility induction rate was 46.61%. The sterility rate of C2 concentration treatment is highest, and the sterility induction rate reaches 99.17%. The composition also has better emasculation effect after C3 concentration treatment, the male sterility induction rate is 93.28 percent, but partial phytotoxicity plants appear, and the phytotoxicity plant rate is 55.46 percent. The test result shows that the C2 concentration has the best emasculation effect; partial phytotoxicity strain appears in the concentration of C3; the concentration of C4 causes greater damage to the plants.
TABLE 4 influence of different spray concentrations on plant fertility
(6) The effect of different spraying concentrations on seed melon flower devices, plant morphology and growth period.
Referring to fig. 1, the results shown in C1, C2, C3, C4, and CK are the treatment results with the chemical killers with the corresponding concentrations shown in table 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the spraying of the melon insecticide with different concentrations of the red and large seeds has a significant effect on the pollen viability, and the pollen is inactivated after the treatment of C2, C3 and C4 compared with the untreated normal (CK).
As can be seen from fig. 2, the stamen of the plants are degenerated as compared to the flowers shown in the first column without the use of chemical emasculation agent (flowers shown in the second column). Compared with untreated normal male flowers, the induced male flower stamen group of the sterile plant is obviously shortened, and the quantity of pollen is small and even no pollen exists.
The novel compound red large seed melon chemical emasculation agent comprises 1.1mg/L of metolachlor and 0.6mg/L of trifluralin as active ingredients; the chemical emasculation agent is used for preparing the plant with proper content of the agent, the induction rate of male sterility reaches 98-100%, and the death rate reaches 100%.
The chemical inducer is used to induce male sterility, and the key technology is spraying period, spraying concentration and spraying times. The spray period is too early, the plant nutrition is too small, and the normal growth and differentiation of the plant are affected; the spraying period is too late, and the early anther is differentiated and cannot induce physiological sterility to appear as normal pollen; under the condition of unchanged total dosage, the concentration of the sprayed pesticide is too low, normal pollen can appear in the flowering phase, and the concentration is too high, so that serious phytotoxicity is generated, and the normal growth and development of seed melon plants are affected.
The proper application method of the chemical emasculation agent is that the chemical emasculation agent is sprayed for the first time in the vine throwing period (50% of plants enter the 3 rd day of the vine throwing period), the proper treatment concentration is 1.1mg/L of 96% of metolachlor and 0.6mg/L of 48% of trifluralin, and the single plant dosage is 3ml; the second spraying is carried out at intervals of 7 days, and the dosage of the single plant is 6ml. The spraying time is 10:00-12:00 in the morning, the spraying weather is windless and dew-free, and the adhesive is matched for 0.4mg/L spraying when spraying, so as to ensure the emasculation effect.
The metolachlor and trifluralin chemical emasculation compound agent used in the invention is first researched and utilized on the red large seed melon, and has the advantage of inducing the red large seed melon plants to generate more thorough male sterility; the defect is that the drug spraying period is easily affected by environmental conditions, so that the drug receiving amount of a single plant is not uniform. Therefore, good spraying climate conditions are selected, the single plant receiving amount is ensured, and the sterile plant rate and the sterile degree of sterile plants of a receiving and treating group can be effectively improved.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
Claims (6)
1. A chemical emasculation agent for red-leaf melon, characterized in that the active ingredients of the chemical emasculation agent comprise: metolachlor and trifluralin;
the concentration of the metolachlor is 0.5-1.2 mg/L;
The concentration of the trifluralin is 0.2-0.7 mg/L;
the adhesive is an organosilicon synergist, and the concentration of the organosilicon synergist is 0.3-0.6 mg/L.
2. The chemical emasculation agent according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of metolachlor is 0.3-1.0 mg/L; the concentration of the trifluralin is 0.3-0.6 mg/L.
3. The chemical androgenic agent according to claim 2, wherein said metolachlor is present in a concentration of 0.5mg/L; the concentration of the trifluralin is 0.3mg/L.
4. A process for the preparation of a chemical androgenic agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it comprises the steps of:
(1) Adding water to the metolachlor to dissolve and fix the volume;
(2) Dissolving trifluralin in water, and fixing volume;
(3) Uniformly mixing the solution with the fixed volume;
before the step (3), the method further comprises: the adhesive is diluted by adding water and the volume is fixed.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the solution after the constant volume is mixed and stirred.
6. Use of a chemical emasculation agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3 as an emasculation agent for red-melon.
Priority Applications (1)
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104814025A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-08-05 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Mustard type rape chemical gametocide as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110495355A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-11-26 | 安徽省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of Xinjiang region sesame under-film drip irrigation water-fertilizer integral cultural method |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104814025A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-08-05 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Mustard type rape chemical gametocide as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110495355A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-11-26 | 安徽省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of Xinjiang region sesame under-film drip irrigation water-fertilizer integral cultural method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 当归田化学除草剂筛选试验;孙立晨;高郁芳;张雄伟;肖薇;;农药(第10期);全文 * |
| 防治烟草向日葵列当药剂的筛选;徐玮;孔毅;苏燕妮;唐嘉成;李元清;高荣;;安徽农业科学(第02期);表1, 3 * |
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