CN87103485A

CN87103485A - Inter-genera corn seed selective breeding method

Info

Publication number: CN87103485A
Application number: CN87103485.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 苏子潘; 张义荣; 杨富来
Original assignee: NANYANG REGION INST OF AGRICULTURE HENAN PROVINCE
Current assignee: NANYANG REGION INST OF AGRICULTURE HENAN PROVINCE
Priority date: 1987-05-08
Filing date: 1987-05-08
Publication date: 1988-01-13
Also published as: CN1005242B

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of method of corn inter-genera distant hybridization seed selection new species, comprise and adopt mentor, the measure of cultivation secondary to create the distant hybridization seed; Set up distant hybridization germplasm resource library system; Create seriation improvement distant hybridization germplasm resources bank; Setting up distant hybridization isozygotys and is and combination esterase isozyme zymogram archives prediction hybrid vigour and apolegamy parent; Set up new methods such as the guarantor stablize inbred line is pure.The present invention has created very abundant material base for corn breeding, has accelerated breeding process, has obtained various new germ plasm resources, has broken through some difficult problems in the current corn breeding.

Description

The invention belongs to the crop breeding technical field.

Present conventional breeding method, be with kind (or crossbreed) for germ plasm resource, 7,8 generations of continuous selfing in the field, select a metastable ring or two ring inbred lines, use the extensive hybrid combination of these inbred lines again, all plant in the field to survey and produce, the crossbreed that screening makes new advances.Though this breeding method has been brought into play great role on producing, because selfing is selected continuously, hereditary basis is more and more narrower, can not select breakthrough elite hybrid, thereby corn breeding has arrived ramp up.

At present, some domestic and international breeding work persons are adopting the method for recurrent selection breeding.This method is the improvement to the partial approach of germ plasm resource part in the conventional breeding method, equally with the conventional breeding method carries out in planting, and its very big limitation is arranged.

The distant hybridization breeding method of attempting to add exogenous germplasm is also arranged, but its incompatibility, the mad problems such as being difficult to utilization of separating of its filial generation are not resolved.

Task of the present invention is to provide the germ plasm resource abundanter than recurrent selection genetic material for corn breeding, improve the germ plasm resource of new seed selection with up-to-date breeding method and technological synthesis, select high-quality, high anti-, the allopolyploid new species of high yield and abundant germ plasm resource with the short cycle; The corn hybrid seed that select than high anti-, the high-quality of existing inbred line, coordinate force is strong, economical character is good good inbred line and than existing crossbreed high yield, high-quality, highly resist, economical character is good.

The invention provides a kind of method of corn inter-genera distant hybridization seed selection new species.With several different Zea corn kinds (Zeal(Maize)) between population material be maternal (is the best with the recurrent selection population material), belong to (AndroPo-gonae), Coix (Coix(Jobs-tears) with the jowar in the grass family), the class Zea also makes teosinte belong to (Euchlaena(teosiute)), the friction standing grain belong to also crying add the careless genus of horse (TriPsacum(gama grass)) etc. between genus material be that male parent is carried out distant hybridization.With the distant pollen mentor of easy fertilization, with the nutrient solution of special preparation the seed of becoming pregnant is cultivated, directly obtain several distant hybridization group germplasm resources between not belonging to together.With the distant hybridization seed that obtained through once in pairs sisters hand over and once isolation condition under the secondary genetic recombination of open pollination, produce first round germ plasm resource; Germplasm colony is maternal and new germplasm hybridization with the first round, and the genetic recombination of open pollination under sisters' friendship and once isolation condition again of its hybrid produces second and takes turns germ plasm resource; With this method unlimited generation third round, four-wheel ... germ plasm resource.(under the situation of no new germ plasm adding, preservation condition difference, can directly take the method for gene recombination of paired sisters' friendship and open pollination, every germ plasm resource of taking turns is preserved the wait new germ plasm.) each is taken turns the germplasm materials that is produced improve, seed is put into and is doubled chemical mutagen and the orderly improvement chemical mutagen is handled continuously after physical mutagen is handled, and produces the allopolyploid resource of improvement; Perhaps seed is directly put into chemical mutagen and is handled the kind sub-group of generation improvement continuously after physical mutagen is handled; Perhaps seed is handled without physical mutagen and is directly put into the mixed chemical mutagen solution with different mutagenesis mechanism and handle; Also but the individual event chemical mutagen is handled seed, produces the kind sub-group of improvement.Whole improvement work all is to carry out under the condition of nutrient solution.Can obtain the metastable inbred line of isozygotying to 5 generations of the continuous selfing of kind sub-group of improvement, set up the esterase isozyme zymogram archives again, prediction hybrid vigour and apolegamy parent once build spectrum, use forever.With metastable pure lines, adopt paired sisters to hand over and the selfing guarantor of hocketing pure.

Accompanying drawing 1 is the overview flow chart of inter-genera corn seed selective breeding method.It comprises following five method steps.

The method (referring to accompanying drawing 2) of 1, adopt mentor, cultivating distant hybridization seed between secondary measure creation Zea.The concrete practice is: with several different corn recurrent selection population materials is female parent, with materials such as jowar, Job's tears, class corn, friction standing grain is that male parent is located at respectively and plants in the isolated area, require short illumination, by certain planting patterns, according to father and mother this length of breeding time and the length at florescence, carry out the adjustment of meeting.Maternal castration in time, in time female fringe is put with the sheepskin paper bag before weaving silk, male parent male flower putting one afternoon before loose powder, by the time the next morning adopts down pollen and awards on the female fringe that arranged three days silk ages, hybridize about one hour time after, award again and carry out mentor with the fresh pollen that is subject to edge far away and become pregnant, through about 24 hours, the nutrient solution of preparation is directly injected in the female fringe, the seed of becoming pregnant is carried out the cultivation of additional nutrient liquid, make it be developed into normal seed.

2, set up the method (referring to accompanying drawing 3) of distant hybridization germplasm resources bank between Zea.The concrete practice is: with method 1. in resulting distant hybridization seed, use the artificial bagging method, carry out once in pairs that sisters hand over and once open pollination under the isolation condition, generation first round germ plasm resource; Part seed with the first round is a female parent, with new germplasm be paternal hybrid (new germplasm refer to do not have in the front-wheel germplasm germplasm), its hybrid again through once in pairs sisters hand over and once isolation condition under open pollination, produce second and take turns germ plasm resource; So infinitely go down, produce third round, four-wheel ... Deng germplasm resource bank endlessly.

3, the method (referring to accompanying drawing 4) of distant hybridization germplasm resources bank between seriation improvement Zea.The concrete practice is: the 2. resulting every germplasm resource bank seed (remove and preserve part down) of taking turns of method is improved.Different integrated treatment schemes is adopted in improvement because of purpose is different: the improved treatment of 1. creating allopolyploid.Before the sowing, at first seed is carried out irradiation treatment (physical mutagenesis), seed after the irradiation treatment is placed down at indoor conditions doubles in the cultivation porcelain dish of " nutrient solution+colchicine solution " to handle, treat that there is doubling till the symbol of obviously expanding on maize seedling root or seedling top, with directed mutagenesis in the cultivation porcelain dish of its immigration " nutrient solution+mutagenesis agent solution ", pending seedling has till the tangible symptom of chemical damage, it is taken out put into the cultivation that pure nutrient solution porcelain dish is made new root, treat the transplanting of going to the field again after new root grows.2. create the processing of improvement colony.It is the same substantially that 1. its concrete grammar and plants scheme, just lacks to double to handle a step.3. the mixed chemical mutagen are handled.Seed is directly put into " several mutagenesis agent solutions of nutrient solution+different mechanism " and handled, do cultivating new roots again, transplanting is gone to the field.4. also available above-mentioned way is done the individual event mutagen and is handled.

4, set up the method (referring to accompanying drawing 5) that the corn inter-genera distant hybridization isozygotys and is and makes up the esterase isozyme zymogram archives.The concrete practice is: the selfing of improvement germplasm resource bank seed about continuous 5 generations that 3. method is produced selected, obtain the metastable inbred line of isozygotying, these inbred lines from difference improvement colony are hybridized (also can with draw inbred line apolegamy hybrid combination outward), its inbred line and crossbreed thereof are set up the esterase isozyme zymogram archives, according to the hybrid vigour intensity of inbred line esterase isozyme zymogram prediction hybrid combination and the apolegamy of parental inbred line thereof, according to the hybrid combination esterase isozyme zymogram, go out the strong composite type of heterosis, hybrid vigor at lab screening, carry out the field and identify, observe, demonstration, apply.

5, set up the dew method of guarantor (referring to Fig. 6) of stablizing inbred line.The concrete practice is: the inbred line that will isozygoty is relatively carried out once a sisters' friendship and a selfing in pairs, and hocketing, it is pure to protect.

The present invention will provide inhereditary material very abundant germplasm resource bank for corn breeding, can overcome the difficult stability of the madness separation of distant hybridization, increase Breeding Effect; For breeding increases foresight, reduce blindness, shorten breeding cycle, accelerating breeding process provides the state-of-the-art technology measure; To obtain being the unavailable various new germ plasm resources of conventional breeding. Allopolyploid mass of 1000 kernel can reach about 400 grams, and protein content will improve several one-tenth, and many fringes type is various, has the many fringes of single stalk to reach more than 8 female fringes, has the total spike number of the many fringes of branch to reach 19 more than; Female branch of the ear of grain type is arranged, have tassel row number to reach more than 32 row, the solid poppyhead corn in top is arranged, the female plant corn is arranged ... varied, varied.

Claims

1, a kind of method of corn distant hybridization breeding is characterized in that:

1. adopt mentor nutrition to cultivate the secondary measure and create distant hybridization seed between Zea;

2. set up Zea intermolecular hybrid germplasm storehouse system;

3. create seriation improvement distant hybridization germplasm resources bank;

4. setting up distant hybridization isozygotys and is and combination esterase isozyme zymogram archives;

5. it is pure to set up the guarantor who stablizes inbred line.

2, according to the method for distant hybridization seed between the said creation Zea of claim 1, it is characterized in that, with the abundant more good more population material of hereditary basis between the corn kind is female parent, with material between genus such as jowar genus, Coix, teosinte genus, friction standing grain genus is male parent, award a kind of mentor distant pollen again after adopting female parent to award paternal pollen, and in female fringe, inject the nutrient solution of special preparation.

3, according to the said method of setting up distant hybridization germplasm storehouse system between Zea of claim 1, it is characterized in that,, constantly add new germplasm resulting distant hybridization seed in the claim 2, reorganization through paired sisters' friendship, open pollination produces different germplasm rounds.Under the situation of no new germ plasm adding, preservation condition difference, can directly take paired sisters' friendship and open pollination as improvement wheel when wheel, quality saving is got off the wait new germ plasm.

4, as the method for the said improvement distant hybridization of claim 1 germplasm resources bank, it is characterized in that, adopt nutrient solution to add the indoor seriation integrated treatment of mutagen every germplasm of taking turns that distant hybridization produced.

5, the method that said foundation is isozygotied and is and makes up the esterase isozyme zymogram archives according to claim 1, it is characterized in that about 5 generations of the continuous selfing of improvement germ plasm resource, with the crossbreed of isozygotying inbred line relatively and hybridizing mutually that produces, set up the esterase isozyme zymogram archives.

6,, it is characterized in that the inbred line of will isozygoty relatively is carried out to sisters are handed over and selfing hockets as the said pure method of guarantor of setting up stable inbred line of claim 1.