CN115708491B - Culture substrate of buried shellfish and application of culture substrate in buried shellfish culture - Google Patents
Culture substrate of buried shellfish and application of culture substrate in buried shellfish culture Download PDFInfo
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- CN115708491B CN115708491B CN202211434135.XA CN202211434135A CN115708491B CN 115708491 B CN115708491 B CN 115708491B CN 202211434135 A CN202211434135 A CN 202211434135A CN 115708491 B CN115708491 B CN 115708491B
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- buried shellfish
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 47
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 42
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000628923 Anadara sativa Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001339782 Scapharca broughtonii Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000392375 Sinonovacula constricta Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000180579 Arca Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006225 natural substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000217381 Anodonta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035611 feeding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 that is Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a culture substrate for buried shellfish and application thereof in buried shellfish culture, and belongs to the technical field of buried shellfish culture. The culture substrate can enable the substrate to have certain permeability, and the physiological state of the buried shellfish can be improved by improving the temperature maintaining effect, oxygen content and the like of the substrate while considering the buried demand of the buried shellfish, so that the ingestion capacity and the absorption efficiency of the buried shellfish are improved, and finally the yield is improved. As shown by the culture result, the buried shellfish culture substrate with the specific formula has excellent stability, can improve the yield increase rate of the cultured buried shellfish, can be reused through steps of disinfection, filtration and the like after the culture is finished, and has environmental protection and higher economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of buried shellfish culture, in particular to a culture substrate of buried shellfish and application of the culture substrate in buried shellfish culture.
Background
The buried shellfish is bivalve animals which are in soft-phase substrate habitat such as sand, silt or mud, and the horizontal and vertical distribution ranges are wide, and most of bivalve shellfish are occupied in variety. Buried shellfish generally have developed feet and water pipes, and are used for feeding, breathing and excretion by burying all or the front end of the body in sediment by excavating feet and by telescoping and taking in and discharging seawater by the water pipe at the rear end of the body. And three types are classified according to the different substrates of living environment: the clam and the Sinonovacula constricta are loved to live in the soft mud beach, the variegated clams, the Japanese clams, the clams and the like are greatly propagated in the mud beach, and the linear solenoidal clams, the Japanese solar mussels and the like are often living in typical buried shellfish in the fine beach.
The mud flat substrate type has a close relationship with the buried shellfish culture. The substrate plays roles in the aspects of movable base, attachment points, shielding, nutrient source and the like in shellfish culture. The type of substrate for successfully selecting the farmed field and the artificial transformation of the substrate structure determine the ecological benefit and the economic benefit of shellfish cultivation to a great extent. In the prior art, the research on the substrate mainly comprises sediment proportion, and the research on the novel substrate is not reported in the aspect of substrate composition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a culture substrate for buried shellfish and application of the culture substrate in buried shellfish culture, so as to solve the problem that a novel culture substrate is lacking in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a culture substrate of buried shellfish, which comprises a substrate regulator and a basic substrate;
the substrate regulator comprises calcium carbonate, diatomite and quartz sand;
the foundation substrate comprises one or two of fine sand and mud;
the weight ratio of the calcium carbonate to the diatomite to the quartz sand is 1-3:0.5-1.5:4-8.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the substrate regulator to the base substrate is 1:7-45.
Preferably, the fine sand has a particle size of 250 μm or less.
Preferably, the calcium carbonate has a particle size of 75 μm or less.
Preferably, the diatomaceous earth has a particle size of 106 μm or less.
Preferably, the particle size of the quartz sand is 180 μm or less.
The invention also provides application of the culture substrate of the buried shellfish in buried shellfish culture.
Preferably, the buried shellfish is clam, sinonovacula constricta, arca inflata Reeve, arca subcrenata or Carnis Anodonta Seu Cryptotaeda.
Preferably, the laying thickness of the culture substrate of the buried shellfish is 0.1-1.5 m.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
according to the invention, the calcium carbonate, the diatomite and the quartz sand are combined according to a specific proportion, so that the effect of adjusting the physical structure of the culture substrate can be achieved, the living habit of the buried shellfish can be met, excellent materials are provided for the culture of the buried shellfish, a better living environment is provided for the buried shellfish, the substrate is rich in permeability, the physiological state of the buried shellfish is improved by improving the temperature maintaining effect, the oxygen content and the like of the substrate while the submerged requirements of the buried shellfish are met, the ingestion capacity and the absorption efficiency of the buried shellfish are improved, and finally the yield is improved. As shown by the culture result, the buried shellfish culture substrate with the specific formula has excellent stability, can increase the yield increase rate of the buried shellfish, can be reused through steps of disinfection, filtration and the like after the culture is finished, and has environmental protection and higher economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a culture substrate of buried shellfish, which comprises a substrate regulator and a basic substrate; the substrate regulator comprises calcium carbonate, diatomite and quartz sand; in the present invention, the calcium carbonate is preferably powdery calcium carbonate, that is, calcium carbonate powder having a particle diameter of preferably 75 μm or less, further preferably 40 to 60 μm, and the calcium carbonate is preferably sieved through a 200-mesh sieve, the undersize component is collected, the undersize component is further preferably sieved through a 300-mesh sieve, and the undersize component is collected; the diatomite is preferably powdery, the particle size of the diatomite is preferably less than 106 mu m, more preferably 50-80 mu m, and the particle size of the diatomite is preferably 150 mesh sieve in terms of the mesh passing number, and the undersize component is collected; further preferably, passing through 200 mesh, collecting undersize components; the quartz sand is preferably powdery, the particle size of the quartz sand is preferably below 180 mu m, further preferably 120-150 mu m, and the quartz sand is preferably sieved by a sieve of 80 meshes, the undersize component is collected, the undersize component is further preferably sieved by a sieve of 100 meshes, and the undersize component is collected; the weight ratio of the calcium carbonate to the diatomite to the quartz sand is preferably 1-3:0.5-1.5:4-8, and more preferably 1.5-2.5:0.8-1.2:5-7.
In the invention, the foundation substrate comprises one or two of fine sand and mud, the foundation substrate can be a silt mixture prepared manually or a natural silt mixture, when the foundation substrate comprises the fine sand, the grain diameter of the fine sand is preferably below 250 mu m, more preferably below 200 mu m, and the proportion of the fine sand and the mud in the foundation substrate is adjusted according to the requirements of a breeding object; in the invention, the weight ratio of the substrate regulator to the basic substrate is preferably 1:7-45, and more preferably 1:20-30, and the substrate regulator can better regulate the properties of the basic substrate in the range, and can give consideration to the burying requirements of buried shellfish and the permeability of the substrate.
The invention also provides application of the culture substrate of the buried shellfish in buried shellfish culture, wherein the buried shellfish is preferably clams, sinonovacula constricta, arca inflata Reeve, arca subcrenata, or Arca subcrenata; the laying thickness of the culture substrate of the buried shellfish is preferably 0.1-1.5 m, and the laying thickness is adjusted according to the buried depth of the buried shellfish, so that the conventional buried requirement of a culture object is met.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The material sources in the examples are as follows:
sediment substrate: collecting sea mud in a sea state bay intertidal zone, sieving, settling and separating to obtain a clay component, mixing the clay component with fine sand in different proportions to simulate a natural substrate, and obtaining sediment matrixes with different sediment ratios;
calcium carbonate powder: purchased from the city Hua Xin chemical industry limited liability company;
diatomaceous earth: purchased from Shijia Tianxu environmental protection technology Co., ltd;
quartz sand (80-120 mesh): purchased from trade company limited of the mineral products of the sun-light county of life;
fine sand: the particle size is below 250 μm, and the product is commercially available.
Example 1
Preparing a clam culture substrate:
4kg of calcium carbonate (with the particle size of 200-325 meshes), 2kg of diatomite (with the particle size of 150-200 meshes) and 12kg of quartz sand are mixed, added into 300kg of silt matrix with the silt ratio of 6:4, and stirred uniformly, and the obtained matched substrate is used for the culture of the arca subcrenata and is paved with the thickness of 30cm.
Example 2
Preparing a clam breeding substrate:
4kg of calcium carbonate (with the particle size of 200-325 meshes), 2kg of diatomite (with the particle size of 150-200 meshes) and 12kg of quartz sand are mixed, added into 300kg of silt matrix with the silt ratio of 4:6, and stirred uniformly, and the obtained matched substrate is used for clams cultivation, and the laying thickness is 20cm.
Example 3
Preparing a clam culture substrate:
8kg of calcium carbonate (with the particle size of 200-325 meshes), 3kg of diatomite (with the particle size of 150-200 meshes) and 16kg of quartz sand are mixed, added into 500kg of silt matrix with the silt ratio of 6:4, and stirred uniformly, and the obtained matched substrate is used for the culture of the arca subcrenata and paved with the thickness of 35cm.
Example 4
Preparing a clam culture substrate:
2kg of calcium carbonate (with the particle size of 200-325 meshes), 1kg of diatomite (with the particle size of 150-200 meshes) and 8kg of quartz sand are mixed, added into 200kg of silt matrix with the silt ratio of 6:4, and stirred uniformly, and the obtained matched substrate is used for the culture of the arca subcrenata and paved with the thickness of 25cm.
Comparative example 1
Preparing a sediment substrate with a sediment ratio of 6:4 for the culture of the blood clam, and paving the sediment substrate with a thickness of 30cm.
Comparative example 2
Preparing a clam culture substrate:
mixing 6kg of calcium carbonate (with the particle size of 200-325 meshes) and 12kg of quartz sand, adding the mixture into 300kg of silt matrix with the silt ratio of 6:4, stirring uniformly, and paving the obtained matched substrate for the culture of the arca subcrenata with the thickness of 30cm.
Comparative example 3
Preparing a sediment substrate with sediment ratio of 4:6 for clams cultivation, and paving the sediment substrate with thickness of 20cm.
Comparative example 4
Preparing a clam breeding substrate:
6kg of calcium carbonate (with the particle size of 200-325 meshes) and 12kg of quartz sand are mixed, added into 300kg of silt matrix with the silt ratio of 4:6, and stirred uniformly, and the obtained matched substrate is used for clams cultivation, and the laying thickness is 20cm.
Experimental example 1 Arca subcrenata culture experiment
Shallow seabed cultivation experiments are carried out for 6 months by adopting the blood clam with the average shell length of 2.5-2.2 cm, the cultivation sites are provided with subareas for different experiment groups, and scour prevention facilities are arranged close to the seawater inlet, so that the loss of substrate is reduced.
Experiments were performed using the culture substrates of the blood clam of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2.
After the substrate is paved, the substrate is bred according to a conventional breeding mode, the number of the substrate is 15 per square meter, the average fresh weight of the blood clam is measured before breeding, 3 months of breeding and 6 months of breeding (50 blood clam are randomly selected in each area, the total fresh weight/50 is calculated), and the fresh weight increase rate is calculated at the end of breeding, and the result is shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 results of Arca subcrenata culture (unit: g)
| Before cultivation | Culturing for 3 months | Culturing for 6 months | Growth rate | |
| Example 1 | 20.10 | 22.70 | 25.39 | 26.32％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 19.26 | 21.32 | 23.07 | 19.78％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 19.78 | 22.06 | 24.03 | 21.49％ |
Experimental example 2 clam breeding experiment
The clams with the average shell length of 1.8-2.0 cm are adopted for shallow seabed cultivation experiments for 6 months, the cultivation sites are provided with subareas for different experiment groups, and scour prevention facilities are arranged near the seawater inlet, so that the loss of the substrate is reduced.
Experiments were performed using the clam culture substrates of example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4.
After the substrate is laid, the substrate is fed according to a conventional feeding mode, the feeding quantity per square meter is 20, the average fresh weight of clams is measured before the feeding, after the feeding for 3 months and after the feeding for 6 months (60 clams are randomly selected in each area, the total fresh weight is calculated per 60), and the fresh weight increasing rate is calculated after the feeding is finished, and the result is shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 results of clam breeding (Unit: g)
| Before cultivation | Culturing for 3 months | Culturing for 6 months | Growth rate | |
| Example 2 | 10.43 | 11.52 | 13.07 | 25.31％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 9.90 | 10.78 | 11.29 | 14.04％ |
| Comparative example 4 | 10.01 | 11.03 | 11.54 | 15.28％ |
As shown by the culture result, the culture substrate of the buried shellfish with the specific formula can optimize the permeability of the natural substrate, has excellent stability, can improve the living environment without affecting the burying behavior of the shellfish, and further improves the yield of the shellfish.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The culture substrate for the arca subcrenata is characterized by comprising the following components: 4kg of calcium carbonate, 2kg of diatomite, 12kg of quartz sand and 300kg of sediment substrate;
the particle size of the calcium carbonate is 200-325 meshes, the particle size of the diatomite is 150-200 meshes, and the particle size of the quartz sand is 80-120 meshes;
the sediment substrate comprises fine sand and mud, wherein the proportion of the mud to the fine sand is 6:4, and the grain size of the fine sand is below 250 mu m;
the laying thickness of the culture substrate of the blood clam is 30cm.
2. The culture substrate for clams is characterized by comprising the following components: 4kg of calcium carbonate, 2kg of diatomite, 12kg of quartz sand and 300kg of sediment substrate;
the particle size of the calcium carbonate is 200-325 meshes, the particle size of the diatomite is 150-200 meshes, and the particle size of the quartz sand is 80-120 meshes;
the sediment substrate comprises fine sand and mud, wherein the proportion of the mud to the fine sand is 4:6, and the grain size of the fine sand is below 250 mu m;
the laying thickness of the culture substrate of the clams is 20cm.
3. The use of the culture substrate of claim 1 in the culture of blood clam.
4. Use of the culture substrate of claim 2 in the culture of clams.
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| CN202211434135.XA CN115708491B (en) | 2022-11-16 | 2022-11-16 | Culture substrate of buried shellfish and application of culture substrate in buried shellfish culture |
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