CN115708491A - Culture substrate of buried shellfish and application thereof in buried shellfish culture - Google Patents
Culture substrate of buried shellfish and application thereof in buried shellfish culture Download PDFInfo
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- CN115708491A CN115708491A CN202211434135.XA CN202211434135A CN115708491A CN 115708491 A CN115708491 A CN 115708491A CN 202211434135 A CN202211434135 A CN 202211434135A CN 115708491 A CN115708491 A CN 115708491A
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- buried
- shellfish
- buried shellfish
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000628923 Anadara sativa Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000392375 Sinonovacula constricta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000180579 Arca Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000224239 Tegillarca granosa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 241001339782 Scapharca broughtonii Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006225 natural substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001115039 Ruditapes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000383403 Solen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035611 feeding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a culture substrate of buried shellfish and application thereof in buried shellfish culture, belonging to the technical field of buried shellfish culture. The culture substrate can enable the substrate to have certain permeability, and the physiological state of the buried shellfish is improved by improving the temperature holding effect, oxygen content and the like of the substrate while considering the burying requirement of the buried shellfish, so that the feeding capacity and the absorption efficiency of the buried shellfish are improved, and the yield is finally improved. According to the culture results, the buried shellfish culture substrate with the specific formula has excellent stability, can improve the yield increase rate of the cultured buried shellfish, can be repeatedly used through the steps of disinfection, filtration and the like after the culture is finished, and is environment-friendly and high in economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of buried shellfish culture, in particular to a culture substrate of buried shellfish and application thereof in the buried shellfish culture.
Background
The buried shellfish is a bivalve animal which inhabits in soft-phase substrate habitats such as sand, silt or mud, has wide horizontal and vertical distribution range and occupies most bivalve shellfish in species. Buried shellfish usually have developed feet and water pipes, and the entire body or the front end of the body is buried in silt by digging the feet, and seawater is drawn in and discharged by extending and retracting the water pipes at the rear end of the body for feeding, breathing and excretion. And can be divided into three categories according to different living environment substrates: the blood clam and the sinonovacula constricta are favored to live in the mud beach, the variegated clams, the Japanese clam, the clam and the like are bred in the mud beach, and the linear solen clam, the Japanese luniea shellfish and the like are typical buried shellfish which live in the fine beach.
The relation between the type of the mudflat bottom and the cultivation of the buried shellfish is very close. The substrate plays a role in movable bases, attachment points, shelters, nutrient sources and the like in shellfish culture. The ecological benefit and the economic benefit of shellfish culture are determined to a great extent by successfully selecting the type of the substrate for breeding the Chengji field and artificially modifying the structure of the substrate. In the prior art, the research on the substrate mostly takes silt proportion as a main part, and the research and development of the novel substrate from the aspect of the composition of the substrate are not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a culture substrate of buried shellfish and application thereof in buried shellfish culture, so as to solve the problem that a novel culture substrate is lacked in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a culture substrate of buried shellfish, which comprises a substrate regulator and a basic substrate;
the substrate regulator comprises calcium carbonate, diatomite and quartz sand;
the foundation substrate comprises one or two of fine sand and mud;
the weight ratio of the calcium carbonate to the diatomite to the quartz sand is 1-3.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the substrate conditioner to the base substrate is 1.
Preferably, the fine sand has a particle size of 250 μm or less.
Preferably, the particle size of the calcium carbonate is 75 μm or less.
Preferably, the diatomaceous earth has a particle size of 106 μm or less.
Preferably, the particle size of the quartz sand is 180 μm or less.
The invention also provides application of the culture substrate of the buried shellfish in buried shellfish culture.
Preferably, the buried shellfish is a clam, a sinonovacula constricta, an arca inflata reeve, an arca subcrenata or an astanum aurantii.
Preferably, the laying thickness of the culture substrate of the buried shellfish is 0.1-1.5 m.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
according to the invention, calcium carbonate, diatomite and quartz sand are combined in a specific ratio, so that the effect of adjusting the physical structure of the culture substrate can be achieved, the life habit of the buried shellfish can be met, excellent materials are provided for the culture of the buried shellfish, a more excellent living environment is provided for the buried shellfish, the substrate is made to have a certain permeability, the physiological state of the buried shellfish is improved by improving the temperature holding effect and oxygen content of the substrate while considering the burying requirement of the buried shellfish, the feeding capacity and the absorption efficiency of the buried shellfish are further improved, and the yield is finally improved. According to the culture results, the culture substrate for the buried shellfish with the specific formula has excellent stability, can improve the yield increase rate of the buried shellfish, can be reused through the steps of disinfection, filtration and the like after the culture is finished, and is environment-friendly and high in economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a culture substrate of buried shellfish, which comprises a substrate regulator and a basic substrate; the substrate regulator comprises calcium carbonate, diatomite and quartz sand; in the invention, the calcium carbonate is preferably powdery calcium carbonate, namely calcium carbonate powder, the particle size of the calcium carbonate powder is preferably below 75 microns, and further preferably 40-60 microns, and the calcium carbonate is preferably sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, and the undersize fraction is collected, and is further preferably sieved by a 300-mesh sieve, and the undersize fraction is collected; the diatomite is preferably powder, the particle size of the diatomite is preferably below 106 microns, and further preferably 50-80 microns, and the particle size of the diatomite is preferably 150 meshes of sieve according to the number of sieve meshes, and the undersize components are collected; further preferably, the mixture is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, and undersize components are collected; the quartz sand is preferably powder, the particle size of the quartz sand is preferably below 180 mu m, and further preferably 120-150 mu m, and the quartz sand is preferably sieved by a 80-mesh sieve, undersize components are collected, and further preferably sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, and undersize components are collected; the weight ratio of the calcium carbonate to the diatomaceous earth to the silica sand is preferably 1 to 3.
In the invention, the foundation substrate comprises one or two of fine sand and mud, the foundation substrate can be a artificially prepared mud-sand mixture or a natural mud-sand mixture, when the foundation substrate comprises the fine sand, the particle size of the fine sand is preferably below 250 μm, and further preferably below 200 μm, and the proportion of the fine sand and the mud in the foundation substrate is adjusted according to the requirement of a breeding object; in the present invention, the weight ratio of the substrate modifier to the basic substrate is preferably 1 to 45, more preferably 1 to 20 to 30, and the substrate modifier can better modify the properties of the basic substrate within this range, and can satisfy both the burying requirement of the buried shellfish and the permeability of the substrate.
The invention also provides application of the culture substrate of the buried shellfish in buried shellfish culture, wherein the buried shellfish is preferably clam, sinonovacula constricta, scapharca broughtonii, scapharca subcrenata or geoduck; the laying thickness of the culture substrate of the buried shellfish is preferably 0.1-1.5 m, and the laying thickness is adjusted according to the buried depth of the buried shellfish to meet the conventional buried requirements of culture objects.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The material sources in the examples are as follows:
silt matrix: collecting sea mud in an intertidal zone of gulf of Haizhou, obtaining a clay component through screening and sedimentation separation, mixing the clay component with fine sand in different proportions to simulate a natural substrate, and obtaining silt matrixes with different silt ratios;
calcium carbonate powder: purchased from Huaxin chemical company, xuancheng;
diatomite: purchased from Shijiazhuang Tianxu environmental protection science and technology Co., ltd;
quartz sand (80-120 mesh): purchased from shinshou county, zu xu mineral products trade ltd;
fine sand: the particle size is below 250 μm, and the particles are commercially available.
Example 1
Preparing a culture substrate for arca subcrenata:
4kg of calcium carbonate (with the grain diameter of 200-325 meshes), 2kg of diatomite (with the grain diameter of 150-200 meshes) and 12kg of quartz sand are mixed, added into 300kg of sediment matrix with the sediment ratio of 6.
Example 2
Preparing a clam culture substrate:
4kg of calcium carbonate (with the grain diameter of 200-325 meshes), 2kg of diatomite (with the grain diameter of 150-200 meshes) and 12kg of quartz sand are mixed, added into 300kg of silt matrix with the silt ratio of 4, and stirred uniformly, the obtained matched substrate is used for clam culture, and the laying thickness is 20cm.
Example 3
Preparing a culture substrate for arca subcrenata:
8kg of calcium carbonate (with the grain size of 200-325 meshes), 3kg of diatomite (with the grain size of 150-200 meshes) and 16kg of quartz sand are mixed, added into 500kg of sediment matrix with the sediment ratio of 6, and stirred uniformly, and the obtained matched matrix is used for cultivating arca subcrenata and laid to the thickness of 35cm.
Example 4
Preparing a culture substrate for arca subcrenata:
2kg of calcium carbonate (with the grain size of 200-325 meshes), 1kg of diatomite (with the grain size of 150-200 meshes) and 8kg of quartz sand are mixed, added into 200kg of silt matrix with the silt ratio of 6, and stirred uniformly, and the obtained matched matrix is used for cultivating arca subcrenata and is laid to the thickness of 25cm.
Comparative example 1
And preparing a sand matrix with a sand-to-sand ratio of 6.
Comparative example 2
Preparing a culture substrate for arca subcrenata:
6kg of calcium carbonate (with the grain diameter of 200-325 meshes) and 12kg of quartz sand are mixed, added into 300kg of sediment matrix with the sediment ratio of 6.
Comparative example 3
And preparing a silt matrix with a silt ratio of 4.
Comparative example 4
Preparing a clam culture substrate:
6kg of calcium carbonate (with the particle size of 200-325 meshes) and 12kg of quartz sand are mixed, added into 300kg of silt matrix with the silt ratio of 4.
Experimental example 1 cultivation experiment of Scapharca subcrenata
The shallow sea bed cultivation experiment with the action period of 6 months is carried out on the blood clam with the average shell length of 2.5-2.2 cm, the cultivation field is provided with subareas for different experiment groups, and an anti-scouring facility is arranged near a seawater inlet, so that the loss of substrate is reduced.
Experiments were carried out using the culture substrate for arca subcrenata of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2.
After the substrate is laid, feeding the blood according to a conventional feeding mode, wherein the number of the laid blood is 15 per square meter, measuring the average fresh weight of the blood clam before the blood clam is cultured, after the blood clam is cultured for 3 months and 6 months respectively (50 blood clams are randomly selected in each area, and the total fresh weight/50 is calculated), calculating the fresh weight increase rate after the blood clam is cultured, and obtaining the results shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 cultivation results of Arca subcrenata (unit: g)
| Before cultivation | Culturing for 3 months | Culturing for 6 months | Rate of growth | |
| Example 1 | 20.10 | 22.70 | 25.39 | 26.32％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 19.26 | 21.32 | 23.07 | 19.78％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 19.78 | 22.06 | 24.03 | 21.49％ |
Experimental example 2 cultivation experiment of little clam
The method adopts a shallow seabed breeding experiment that the average shell length of clams is 1.8-2.0 cm and the breeding period is 6 months, the breeding field is provided with subareas for different experimental groups, and an anti-scouring facility is arranged near a seawater inlet, so that the loss of substrate is reduced.
Experiments were performed using the clam culture substrate of example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4.
After laying the substrate, feeding according to a conventional feeding mode, wherein the number of the laid substrate per square meter is 20, measuring the average fresh weight of the clams respectively before the cultivation, after the cultivation for 3 months and after the cultivation for 6 months (randomly selecting 60 clams in each area, calculating the total fresh weight/60), and calculating the fresh weight increase rate after the cultivation is finished, wherein the results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 Ruditapes cultivation results (unit: g)
| Before cultivation | Culturing for 3 months | Culturing for 6 months | Rate of increase | |
| Example 2 | 10.43 | 11.52 | 13.07 | 25.31％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 9.90 | 10.78 | 11.29 | 14.04％ |
| Comparative example 4 | 10.01 | 11.03 | 11.54 | 15.28％ |
According to the culture results, the culture substrate of the buried shellfish with the specific formula can optimize the permeability of the natural substrate, has excellent stability, and can improve the living environment without influencing the buried behavior of the shellfish so as to improve the yield of the shellfish.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A culture substrate of buried shellfish, which is characterized by comprising a substrate regulator and a basic substrate;
the substrate regulator comprises calcium carbonate, diatomite and quartz sand;
the foundation substrate comprises one or two of fine sand and mud;
the weight ratio of the calcium carbonate to the diatomite to the quartz sand is 1-3.
2. A culture substrate for buried shellfish according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of said substrate modifier to the base substrate is 1.
3. A culture substrate for buried shellfish according to claim 2, characterized in that the particle size of said fine sand is below 250 μm.
4. A culture substrate for buried shellfish according to claim 3, characterized in that said calcium carbonate has a particle size below 75 μm.
5. A culture substrate for buried shellfish according to claim 4, characterized in that the particle size of said diatomaceous earth is below 106 μm.
6. A culture substrate of buried shellfish according to claim 5, characterized in that the particle size of said quartz sand is below 180 μm.
7. Use of a culture substrate for buried shellfish according to any of claims 1 to 6 in the culture of buried shellfish.
8. Use of a culture substrate for submerged shellfish according to claim 7, characterized in that the submerged shellfish is a clam, sinonovacula constricta, arca inflata reeve, arca granosa, arca subcrenata or geoduck.
9. The use of the culture substrate for buried shellfish according to claim 7, wherein the thickness of the culture substrate for buried shellfish is 0.1 to 1.5m.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211434135.XA CN115708491B (en) | 2022-11-16 | 2022-11-16 | Culture substrate of buried shellfish and application of culture substrate in buried shellfish culture |
| PCT/CN2022/143350 WO2024103501A1 (en) | 2022-11-16 | 2022-12-29 | Buried shellfish culture substrate, and use thereof in buried shellfish culture |
| ZA2023/05006A ZA202305006B (en) | 2022-11-16 | 2023-05-05 | Culture substrate for buried shellfish, and application thereof in buried shellfish culture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211434135.XA CN115708491B (en) | 2022-11-16 | 2022-11-16 | Culture substrate of buried shellfish and application of culture substrate in buried shellfish culture |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115708491A true CN115708491A (en) | 2023-02-24 |
| CN115708491B CN115708491B (en) | 2024-02-20 |
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| CN202211434135.XA Active CN115708491B (en) | 2022-11-16 | 2022-11-16 | Culture substrate of buried shellfish and application of culture substrate in buried shellfish culture |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115708491B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2024103501A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA202305006B (en) |
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2022
- 2022-11-16 CN CN202211434135.XA patent/CN115708491B/en active Active
- 2022-12-29 WO PCT/CN2022/143350 patent/WO2024103501A1/en unknown
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2023
- 2023-05-05 ZA ZA2023/05006A patent/ZA202305006B/en unknown
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2024103501A1 (en) | 2024-05-23 |
| CN115708491B (en) | 2024-02-20 |
| ZA202305006B (en) | 2024-06-26 |
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