CN115636697A

CN115636697A - Microbial agent, biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN115636697A
Application number: CN202211240583.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯海萍; 高晶霞; 裴红霞; 秦小军; 桑婷; 杨冬艳; 赵云霞
Original assignee: Institute of Horticulture of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Current assignee: Institute of Horticulture of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Priority date: 2022-10-11
Filing date: 2022-10-11
Publication date: 2023-01-24
Anticipated expiration: 2042-10-11
Also published as: CN115636697B

Abstract

The application relates to a microbial agent, a biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the microbial agent is obtained by extracting microbial colonies in a CIS soil sample and/or a CIP soil sample, wherein the microbial colonies are different from those in a CK soil sample, and comprises 1 to 2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 1 to 2 parts of pseudomonas, 1 to 2 parts of trichoderma harzianum and 1 part of mortierella alpina. The bio-organic fertilizer comprises a microbial agent. The method can effectively solve the problem of continuous cropping in the celery planting process, does not need to carry out intercropping or crop rotation with other crops, avoids the reduction of celery yield caused by intercropping or crop rotation, can obviously improve the fertility of the soil at the rhizosphere of the celery, and has the advantages that the acre yield of the celery planted in three years is kept above 4800Kg and has no reduction trend, and meanwhile, compared with the celery continuous cropping mode in the prior art, the acre yield of the celery is improved by about 20%.

Description

Microbial agent, biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of celery planting, in particular to a microbial agent, a biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Celery belongs to an Umbelliferae plant, is rich in protein, carbohydrate, carotene, B vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium and the like, and has the effects of calming the liver, clearing heat, dispelling wind, promoting diuresis, relieving restlessness, diminishing swelling, cooling blood, stopping bleeding, detoxifying, diffusing lung, invigorating stomach, promoting blood circulation, clearing intestine, promoting defecation, moistening lung, relieving cough, reducing blood pressure, strengthening brain and calming. Frequent eating of celery, especially celery leaves, is very beneficial to preventing hypertension, arteriosclerosis and the like, and has an auxiliary treatment effect, so the celery tea is popular with consumers.

China is the biggest vegetable producing country and consuming country in the world. Because the effective land utilization area of China is reduced year by year, the vegetable planting area is reduced, so that most vegetable planting is mainly continuous cropping, and celery is one of the typical vegetables. Therefore, the continuous cropping problem in the celery planting process is relatively prominent, which seriously restricts the improvement of the yield of the celery and the optimization of the quality.

In the prior art, various approaches for solving various problems including the problem of continuous cropping in celery planting are explored, wherein the change of a planting mode is an effective approach for solving the influence of the continuous cropping on the yield and the quality of the celery. Under an intercropping or crop rotation system, the soil ecological environment can be directly or indirectly improved by influencing root development, overground part photosynthetic utilization and other modes, the growth of crops is promoted, and the yield and the quality of the crops are ensured. Intercropping or rotation of different crops can also reduce the presence of weeds, diseases and pests. Research has shown that the continuous cropping problem in the celery planting process can be solved to a certain extent by planting modes such as celery and watermelon crop rotation, celery and kidney bean crop rotation, fresh corn and celery crop rotation, rice and water celery crop rotation, tomato and celery crop rotation and the like, but the yield of celery is reduced no matter through the crop rotation or the crop rotation, the economic development of an area using celery as an economic crop is severely restricted, and the economic income of farmers is influenced. The continuous cropping problem becomes a main factor limiting the development of the celery planting industry, so that the continuous cropping problem in the celery planting process is solved, and the improvement of the yield and the quality of the celery is particularly important. Therefore, the search for a method for solving the continuous cropping problem in the celery planting process on the premise of not influencing the yield and quality of celery is a technical problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the continuous cropping problem in the celery planting process and the problem of celery yield reduction caused by the continuous cropping problem in the prior art through the intercropping or rotation planting mode are needed to be solved. The microbial agent, the bio-organic fertilizer and the preparation method thereof are provided, and can effectively solve the problem of continuous cropping in the celery planting process, so that the continuous cropping of celery can be realized, and no intercropping or rotation with other crops is needed, so that the land space can be fully utilized, the land utilization rate is maximized, the decrease of the yield of celery caused by intercropping or rotation is avoided, the yield of celery is increased, the income of farmers is increased, the economic development of areas using celery as economic crops is promoted, meanwhile, the bio-organic fertilizer can remarkably improve the fertility of the soil at the rhizosphere of celery, the growth of celery is promoted, the quality of celery is improved, the comprehensive economic benefit of celery agriculture is finally remarkably improved, and finally, the continuous cropping problem in the celery planting process can be solved on the premise of not influencing the yield and the quality of the celery.

A microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 to 2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 1 to 2 parts of pseudomonas, 1 to 2 parts of trichoderma harzianum and 1 part of mortierella alpina.

A preparation method of a microbial agent comprises the following steps:

s10, deeply ploughing a field, applying a base fertilizer, selecting three test areas, and respectively performing single Celery (CK), intercropping celery and welsh onion (CIS) and intercropping celery and hot pepper (CIP) in the three test areas, wherein the three test areas adopt the same field management measures;

s20, respectively collecting three rhizosphere soil samples of the celery soil layers in the test area after the celery is mature, and respectively and correspondingly obtaining a CK soil sample, a CIS soil sample and a CIP soil sample;

s30, respectively detecting microbial colonies in the CK soil sample, the CIS soil sample and the CIP soil sample;

s40, respectively extracting microbial colonies different from the CK soil sample in the CIS soil sample and/or the CIP soil sample, fermenting, culturing and drying to obtain a microbial agent, wherein the microbial agent comprises 1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-2 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 1-2 parts of pseudomonas, 1-2 parts of trichoderma harzianum and 1 part of mortierella alpina.

Preferably, in the above method for preparing a microbial preparation, after S30 and before S40, the method further comprises the steps of:

s50, respectively calculating the abundance of microbial colonies in the CIS soil sample and the CIP soil sample to correspondingly obtain a first abundance and a second abundance;

in the case where the first abundance is > second abundance, extracting the microbial colonies in the CIS soil sample different from those in the CK soil sample in the S40;

in the case where the first abundance < the second abundance, the microbial colonies in the CIP soil sample that are different from those in the CK soil sample are extracted in the S40.

Preferably, in the above method for preparing a microbial preparation, in S40, the microbial colony in the CIP soil sample different from that in the CK soil sample is extracted.

Preferably, in the preparation method of the microbial agent, in the step S10, celery is planted in a flat furrow of a large field, the row spacing of the plants is 25 × 25cm, green Chinese onions are planted in furrows, the space between the furrows is 60cm, the width of the furrows is 20cm, the depth of the furrows is 25cm, the row spacing is 4cm, peppers are planted in furrows, the space between the furrows is 120cm, the width of the furrow surface is 80cm, the height of the furrow surface is 20cm, the two-row planting is carried out, the row spacing is 35cm, and the total amount of the compound fertilizer is 80 kg/mu after 5 times of the whole growth period.

Preferably, in the above method for preparing a microbial agent, in S40, the CIS soil sample and/or the CIP soil sample are extracted respectively, wherein the samples are different from the CK soil sample and have a density of more than 100cfu/cm ³ The microbial colony of (a).

A bio-organic fertilizer comprises the microbial agent.

Preferably, the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of microbial agent, 100-120 parts of organic material and 40-50 parts of compound fertilizer.

A preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

t10, preparing the microbial agent;

t20, taking 10 to 15 parts of the microbial agent and 100 to 120 parts of the organic material, uniformly mixing, and then stacking and fermenting to obtain a semi-finished product;

and T30, adding 40 to 50 parts of compound fertilizer and 5 to 8 parts of forming agent into the semi-finished product, fully stirring, naturally cooling and drying to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.

Preferably, in the above preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer, before T20, the method further includes the following steps:

mixing pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, biogas residues and corn stalks, and uniformly mixing to obtain the organic material; the compound fertilizer comprises nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, methyl synergistic phosphorus powder, synergistic ether powder, ethephon and the like.

The technical scheme who this application adopted can reach following beneficial effect:

the microbial agent and the bio-organic fertilizer and the preparation method thereof disclosed by the embodiment of the application are simple in preparation method and strong in operability, and under the condition of continuous celery cropping, the microbial agent can play an intercropping effect, so that rhizosphere soil in the celery growing process has microbial colonies which are unique to intercropping, the continuous celery cropping can be achieved, and the soil environment of the intercropping of the celery can be provided in the celery growing process, thereby solving the problem of the continuous celery cropping.

Test results show that after the bio-organic fertilizer disclosed by the application is applied in the process of continuous celery planting, the problem of continuous celery planting can be remarkably solved, the acre yield of the continuous celery planting for three years is kept to be more than 4800Kg, the acre yield of the continuous celery planting for three years is not reduced, and meanwhile, compared with a mode of continuous celery planting in the prior art, the acre yield of celery is improved by about 20%.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of ASVs number petals wien common to and characteristic of bacteria and fungi under different treatments;

FIG. 2 is a graph of the dynamic variation of alpha diversity index for bacterial and fungal microorganisms under different treatments;

FIG. 3 is a tree diagram of the classification grade of bacteria and fungi under different treatments;

FIG. 4 is a bacterial clade graph, a fungal heatmap, under various treatments.

Detailed Description

To facilitate an understanding of the present application, the present application will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present application are given in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. As used herein, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "top," and the like are for purposes of illustration only and do not represent the only embodiment.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

The embodiment of the application discloses a microbial agent, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 to 2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 to 2 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 1 to 2 parts of pseudomonas, 1 to 2 parts of trichoderma harzianum and 1 part of mortierella alpina.

The embodiment of the application also discloses a preparation method of the microbial agent, which comprises the following steps:

s10, deeply ploughing the field, applying a base fertilizer, selecting three test areas, and respectively performing single Celery (CK), intercropping celery and welsh onion (CIS) and intercropping celery and hot pepper (CIP) in the three test areas, wherein the three test areas adopt the same field management measures;

specifically, a base fertilizer is applied after deep ploughing a field for 20cm to 30cm, the base fertilizer can be applied according to the standard of 400 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer can be common commercial organic fertilizer, then three test areas are selected, and the area of each test area can be 40m ² To 60m ² The method comprises the steps of separately planting Celery (CK), intercropping celery and green Chinese onion (CIS) and intercropping celery and hot pepper (CIP) in three test areas, wherein the same field management measures are adopted in the three test areas. Preferably, celery can be planted in flat furrows of a large field, the row spacing of the plants is 25 multiplied by 25cm, green Chinese onions are planted in grooves, the distance between the grooves is 60cm, the width of the grooves is 20cm, the depth of the grooves is 25cm, the plant spacing is 4cm, the pepper is planted in furrows, the distance between the furrows is 120cm, the width of the furrow surface is 80cm, the height of the furrow surface is 20cm, the double-row planting is realized, the plant spacing is 35cm, and the total amount of the compound fertilizer can be 80 kg/mu by adopting field management measures for 5 times in the whole growth period.

The field selected can be referenced to the following criteria: even land, loam, uniform fertility. The total nitrogen content is about 0.9g/kg, the total phosphorus content is about 15.9g/kg, the total potassium content is about 200.5g/kg, the organic matter content is about 13.3g/kg, and the pH value is about 8.6. Furthermore, the selected field former crop can be celery, so that the planting is in a continuous cropping mode, the obtained microbial agent is closer to the continuous cropping practice, the obtained microbial agent can obviously improve the soil fertility of the celery rhizosphere, the continuous cropping problem in the celery planting process can be solved, and the yield of the celery is improved.

S20, respectively collecting rhizosphere soil samples of celery soil layers in three test areas when celery is in a mature period, and respectively and correspondingly obtaining a CK soil sample, a CIS soil sample and a CIP soil sample;

and respectively collecting rhizosphere soil samples of the celery soil layers in three test areas by using a multipoint sampling method in the celery maturation period, and respectively and correspondingly obtaining a CK soil sample, a CIS soil sample and a CIP soil sample.

S30, microbial colonies in the CK soil sample, the CIS soil sample and the CIP soil sample are respectively detected;

s40, microbial colonies different from those in the CK soil sample in the CIS soil sample and/or the CIP soil sample are respectively extracted, and a microbial agent is obtained after fermentation, culture and drying, wherein the microbial agent comprises 1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-2 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 1-2 parts of pseudomonas, 1-2 parts of trichoderma harzianum and 1 part of mortierella alpina.

Specifically, according to the detection result in S30, a microbial colony that exists or exists in a large amount in the CIS soil sample but does not exist or exists in a small amount in the CK soil sample is found through comparative analysis, and then the microbial colony is extracted, that is, a microbial colony different from that in the CK soil sample in the CIS soil sample is extracted. And according to the detection result in the S30, comparing and analyzing to find microbial colonies existing in a large amount in the CIP soil sample and a small amount in the CK soil sample, and extracting the microbial colonies, namely extracting microbial colonies different from those in the CK soil sample in the CIP soil sample.

And (3) performing fermentation culture and drying on the microbial strain drop extracted in the step to obtain a microbial agent, wherein the microbial agent mainly comprises 1 to 2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 1 to 2 parts of pseudomonas, 1 to 2 parts of trichoderma harzianum and 1 part of mortierella alpina according to a detection result in S30.

To reduce the effort of extracting microbial colonies, it is optionally possible to extract different > 100cfu/cm in CIS soil samples and/or CIP soil samples than in CK soil samples, respectively ³ The microbial colony of (3). The method has the advantages that the most main microbial colonies in the CIS soil sample and the CIP soil sample are extracted, all different microbial colonies are not required to be extracted, the workload of extracting the microbial colonies can be reduced, and the extracted main microbial colonies can play a positive response role in celery growth.

Preferably, after S30 and before S40, the method further comprises the following steps:

in the case that the first abundance is greater than the second abundance, in S40, extracting microbial colonies in the CIS soil sample different from microbial colonies in the CK soil sample;

in the case where the first abundance is less than the second abundance, microbial colonies different from those in the CK soil sample in the CIP soil sample are extracted in S40.

The method has the advantages that microbial colonies in the soil sample with the greatest extraction richness are extracted, all different microbial colonies are not required to be extracted, the workload of extracting the microbial colonies can be reduced, and the extracted main microbial colonies can play a positive response role in celery growth.

Research shows that the intercropping pepper responds more actively than green Chinese onion in various indexes of microbial colonies, so that in S40, microbial colonies different from those in a CK soil sample in a CIP soil sample are directly extracted without extracting microbial colonies different from those in a CIS soil sample, the extracted microbial colonies different from those in the CK soil sample in the CIP soil sample can obviously improve the rhizosphere soil fertility of celery, the problem of continuous cropping in the celery planting process can be solved, and the yield of the celery is improved.

The preparation method is simple and strong in operability, and the prepared microbial agent can effectively solve the continuous cropping problem in the celery planting process, so that the continuous cropping of celery can be realized, and the intercropping or rotation with other crops is not needed, so that the land space can be fully utilized, the land utilization rate is maximized, the reduction of the yield of the celery caused by intercropping or rotation is avoided, the yield of the celery is further improved, the economic income of farmers is improved, the economic development of areas using the celery as economic crops is promoted, meanwhile, the soil fertility of the rhizosphere of the celery can be remarkably improved, the growth of the celery is promoted, the quality of the celery is improved, the comprehensive economic benefit of celery agriculture is finally remarkably improved, and the continuous cropping problem in the celery planting process can be solved on the premise of not influencing the yield and quality of the celery.

The technical scheme and technical effects of the present application are further described below through a specific experimental process.

1. Materials and test sites

The celery variety to be tested is French queen, the green Chinese onion variety is Shandong Chungqiu green Chinese onion, and the pepper variety is Long pepper.

The test was carried out in the country of plateau (N35 '89' E105 '86') in Miao river county, west Ji, 2019-2020 in plateau shape. The test plot is flat, the area is 2.30 mu, the test plot is yellow and soft soil, and the fertility is uniform. The total nitrogen content is 0.9g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 15.9g/kg, the total potassium content is 200.5g/kg, the organic matter content is 13.3g/kg, and the pH value is 8.6. The former crop is celery.

2. Design of experiments

3 planting mode treatments were set, CK (celery single crop), CIS (celery/green onion 1.

Celery is planted in a flat furrow of a large field, the row spacing of the celery plants is 25 multiplied by 25cm, the green Chinese onions are planted in grooves, the distance between the grooves is 60cm, the width of the grooves is 20cm, the depth of the grooves is 25cm, the row spacing is 4cm, the pepper plants are planted in furrows, the distance between the furrows is 120cm, the width of the furrow surface is 80cm, the height of the furrow surface is 20cm, the celery plants are planted in double rows, the row spacing is 35cm, and the processing area is 48m ² . 400kg of base fertilizer per mu of organic fertilizer is applied to a test field, the total amount of the compound fertilizer is 80kg per mu after 5 times of topdressing in the whole growth period, and the soil fertility of each cell is consistent. Celery and hot pepper green Chinese onions are planted simultaneously in 5 months and 25 days. Other field management measures are the same as those of the field.

3. Measurement index and method

Collecting celery single-crop treatment and intercropping first row celery soil layer rhizosphere soil samples by using a multipoint sampling method at 8 months and 8 days of celery maturation period, immediately taking the samples back to a laboratory, air-drying and sieving 1/3 of the soil samples, and measuring the soil physicochemical properties including total nitrogen (Kjeldahl method), ammonium nitrogen (potassium sulfate leaching-indophenol blue colorimetric method), nitrate nitrogen (phenol-bis-xanthate colorimetric method) and total phosphorus (HClO) ₄ -H ₂ SO ₄ Method), available phosphorus (0.5 mol/l NaHCO) ₃ Fa), quick-acting potassium (NH) ₄ OAc leaching-flame photometry), pH (acidimetry), EC (conductivity meter), organic matter (potassium dichromate-sulfuric acid oxidation, also known as the thalamic method); the 1/3 soil sample for determining the activity of the soil enzyme comprises urease (sodium phenolate-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method), catalase (potassium permanganate titration method) and alkaline phosphorusAn enzyme (3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method) and a sucrase (3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method); 1/3 of the soil samples were stored at-80 ℃ for determination of soil microbiological indicators (determined by Shanghai Senno science and technology, inc.).

4. Data processing and analysis

The experimental data were processed, plotted and analyzed using the sps 22.0, origin2021 software. Multiple test comparisons were performed using the LSD method.

5. Physical and chemical properties of celery soil

The intercropping system obviously influences the content of nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matters in the soil, and the significance P among groups is less than 0.05 (Table 1). The pH value of intercropped green Chinese onion and celery rhizosphere soil (CIS) is slightly increased, and the contents of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen are respectively and obviously increased by 12 percent and 15 percent, 13 percent and 0.04 percent compared with the contents of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in celery single Cropping (CK) and intercropped pepper and celery rhizosphere soil (CIP). The quick-acting phosphorus, potassium and organic matter content are CIP > CK > CIS from high to low in sequence, and the difference between the quick-acting phosphorus, potassium and organic matter content is obvious. Therefore, in the process of intercropping the celery, the green Chinese onions and the peppers, the microbial colony can obviously improve the fertility of the soil at the rhizosphere of the celery.

TABLE 1 physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil of celery intercropping green Chinese onions and peppers

Note that different lower case letters represent statistically significant differences between the different intercropping treatments (p < 0.05), one asterisk represents significant at the 0.05alpha level, and two asterisks represent significant at the 0.01 level.

6. Diversity of soil microbial colonies

(1) Petal Weinn diagram of celery rhizosphere soil microorganisms

The samples are subjected to de-duplication to obtain 866/542/1 753 833 bacterial/fungal effective sequences, the total average is 4119/450 ASV,26/10 phyla, 367/117 genera, the average sequence number of a single sample is 57 769/116 922, and the average effective sequence length is 400.69/259.38bq. The sequencing depth of random sampling is gradually enlarged, the slope of a sparse curve tends to be smooth, the change is small, the sequencing quantity is saturated, and the Alpha diversity index of the sample is stable. The ASV tables are normalized before computing richness. The grouping sample appearance frequency is set to be 1, ASVs of bacteria and fungi under different treatments such as a petal Wein diagram are shown in a figure 1 (common and unique ASVs of the bacteria (figure 1 a) and the fungi (figure 1 b) under different treatments such as a petal Wein diagram, wherein CK is celery single root zone soil, CIS is celery intercropping welsh onion root zone soil, CIP is celery intercropping pepper root zone soil), and the total number of the common ASVs is 454 and 96 respectively. CIS and CIP increased bacteria-specific ASVs by 21% and 18% compared to CK. The total number of CIP specific ASVs in the fungus is increased, and the number of CIS specific ASVs is 25 which is in a downward trend compared with CK. Therefore, the diversity of microbial colonies in the rhizosphere soil of the celery is improved by intercropping the green Chinese onions and the peppers.

(2) Alpha diversity of celery rhizosphere soil microbial colonies

As shown in fig. 2 (dynamic plot of microbial alpha diversity index for bacteria (a) and fungi (b) at different treatments), the Chao1 index characterizes microbial colony enrichment, the Goods-coverage index characterizes coverage, the Simpson index characterizes diversity, and the Pielou-e index characterizes uniformity. As can be seen from FIG. 2a, the different intercropping treatments had no effect on the abundance of bacterial communities, and the sequences from large to small were CIP > CIS > CK. The coverage of each treatment is over 97 percent, and the real condition of the microorganism in the sample can be represented by the sequencing result. The CK has small quantity difference and uniform distribution among species, and is obviously compared with the uniformity of intercropping green Chinese onions and hot peppers. The variation trend of the alpha-diversity of the bacteria is consistent with the abundance, and the highest value appears in CIP.

As can be seen from fig. 2b, the abundance of the fungus was not significantly different in the intercropping mode, with the highest value in CIP. The library coverage of each sample reached 100%. The diversity of fungi varies significantly between treatments, ranging from high to low with CIS > CK > CIP. The distribution quantity of CIP species is more uniform than that of CK and CIS, and has high uniformity. Therefore, the intercropping of the green Chinese onions and the peppers can improve the richness and diversity of microbial colonies in the rhizosphere soil of the celery, and meanwhile, the intercropping peppers respond more positively to various indexes of bacteria and fungi than the green Chinese onions.

(3) Composition of microbial colonies in celery rhizosphere soil

Referring to fig. 3 to 4, the taxonomic composition of the soil microbial flora in the celery intercropping mode and the taxonomic composition of the ASVs soil microbial flora 100 before abundance in the celery intercropping mode at the bacteroidal phylum level were examined, wherein the bacterial communities were mainly distributed in 5 phyla of actinomycetes (39 species for resistance enhancement), proteobacteria (30 species), clodinierella viridis (15 species), acidobacter (effective for soil fertility, 7 species for reducing pathogenic bacteria), and blastomonas (5 species), and the most abundant ASV was actinomycetes. Taxonomic composition analysis at the genus level is shown by an evolutionary tree diagram, and 21 ASVs have significant differences, wherein 8 ASVs are most abundant in CK, 1 is a genus of bacillus belonging to the phylum baromonas, 2 is a genus of microacid belonging to the phylum actinomycetes, iama, 3 is a genus of BIrii41 belonging to the phylum proteobacteria, arenaria, PLTA13, and 2 are classified to the genus level of bacteroidetes and actinomycetes; the 12 ASVs differed significantly in CIS, and were RB41 from Acidobactam, streptomyces from Actinomycetes, IMCC26256, MB-A2-108, gaiella, gitt-GS-136, S085 from Chlorobium, corynebacterium from Corynebacterium, MND1 from Proteobacteria, lysobacter, actinomycetes and Chlorobium, respectively, with 1 non-taxonomic genus. ASV _132451 in CIP is the most abundant and can be classified into Azospirales of Proteobacteria.

At the mycogate level, ASVs with top abundance of 100 are mainly located in the phylum ascomycota (75 species), mortierella (14 species), basidiomycota (4 species). On the genus level, 4 of CK with a relative abundance of > 1% are represented by a heatmap, and the relative abundances of Exophiala, photomelania, tetracladosporium, mucosporium, cephalosporium, rhizoctonia, corynebacterium, sclerotium, microcospora, tausonia, alternaria, gluconopsis, and Pichia are > 1% in CIS. 16 genera such as Dokmia, schizophyllum, nostoc, mortierella, oligocystis, conidiobolus, stropharia, podospora, stachybotrys, trichosporon, trichoderma, neisseria, sodiomyces, myrmecidium, metarrhizium, cylindrocarpon (root rot) and the like are relatively abundant in CIP.

Through comparative extraction analysis, microbial colonies which exist in a CIS soil sample and do not exist in a CK soil sample are found, then the part of microbial colonies is extracted, microbial colonies which exist in a CIP soil sample and do not exist in the CK soil sample are found, then the part of microbial colonies is extracted, and the different microbial colonies mainly comprise bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, pseudomonas, trichoderma harzianum and mortierella alpina in the intercropping celery rhizosphere soil, wherein the ratio of the microbial colonies to the microbial colonies is about 15 to 10 to 15 to 10. These distinct microbial colonies respond positively during celery growth.

Through the research process, the microbial inoculum disclosed by the application can play an intercropping effect under the condition of continuous celery cropping, so that microbial colonies which exist during intercropping exist in rhizosphere soil in the celery growing process, the continuous celery cropping can be achieved, the soil environment of the intercropping of the celery can be provided in the celery growing process, the continuous celery cropping problem can be solved, the continuous celery cropping can be realized, the intercropping or rotation with other crops is not needed, the land space can be fully utilized, the land utilization rate is maximized, the decrease of the celery yield caused by the intercropping or rotation is avoided, the celery yield is increased, the economic income of farmers is increased, the economic development of areas using the celery as economic crops is promoted, meanwhile, the soil fertility of the rhizosphere of the celery is remarkably increased, the celery growth is promoted, the celery quality is improved, the comprehensive economic benefit of celery agriculture is remarkably increased, and the continuous cropping problem in the celery planting process can be solved on the premise of not influencing the celery yield and the quality.

The embodiment of the application also discloses a biological organic fertilizer which comprises the microbial agent, so that the continuous cropping problem in the celery planting process can be solved on the premise of not influencing the yield and quality of celery.

Preferably, the bio-organic fertilizer disclosed in the embodiment of the application can further comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 15 parts of microbial agent, 100 to 120 parts of organic material and 40 to 50 parts of compound fertilizer.

The embodiment of the application also discloses a preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

t10, preparing the microbial agent;

t20, taking 10 to 15 parts of microbial agent and 100 to 120 parts of organic material, mixing uniformly, and then stacking and fermenting to obtain a semi-finished product;

the organic material can be farmyard manure, or can be obtained by mixing pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, biogas residue and corn stalks and uniformly mixing. The microbial agent and the organic material are uniformly mixed and then fermented, which is beneficial to the cultivation of the microbial agent.

The compound fertilizer can be a commercial compound fertilizer, and can also be a fertilizer mainly required in the growth process of celery, for example, the compound fertilizer can comprise nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, methyl synergistic phosphorus powder, synergistic ether powder, ethephon and the like.

The preparation method is simple and strong in operability, the prepared biological organic fertilizer comprises a microbial agent capable of solving the continuous cropping problem in the celery planting process and improving the fertility of the celery rhizosphere soil, the microbial agent can play an intercropping effect under the condition of continuous celery cropping, so that the rhizosphere soil in the celery growing process has microbial colonies which are only existed in the intercropping process, the continuous celery cropping can be achieved, the celery soil environment for the celery intercropping in the celery growing process can be provided, the celery continuous cropping problem can be solved, the biological organic fertilizer is applied in the celery continuous cropping process, the continuous cropping problem in the celery planting process can be effectively solved, the celery continuous cropping can be realized, the intercropping or rotation with other crops is not needed, the land space can be fully utilized, the land utilization rate is maximized, the decrease of the yield of the celery due to the intercropping or rotation is avoided, the celery yield is improved, the economic income of farmers is improved, the economic development of areas using the celery as economic crops is promoted, meanwhile, the biological organic fertilizer can remarkably improve the soil fertility of the celery rhizosphere, the final yield is improved, and the quality of the celery continuous cropping is improved.

Test results show that after the bio-organic fertilizer disclosed by the application is applied in the process of celery continuous cropping, the problem of celery continuous cropping can be remarkably solved, the acre yield of the celery continuously cropped for three years is kept above 4800Kg, the acre yield of the celery continuously cropped for three years does not fall, and meanwhile, compared with a celery continuous cropping mode in the prior art, the acre yield of the celery is improved by about 20%.

The technical solutions and technical effects of the present application are further described below by specific comparative experimental examples, which are only for further explaining the present application and do not limit the technical solutions of the present application.

The following comparative experiments were set up:

comparative example 1: selecting celery of france queen for continuous cropping, adopting a large-field flat-bed cultivation mode, planting the celery with the row spacing of 25 multiplied by 25cm and the planting area of 1 mu, carrying out 5 times of commercial compound fertilizer application in the whole growth period to total 80 Kg/mu, harvesting the celery after the celery is mature, counting the yield (per mu yield) of the celery, and calculating the yield value (per mu yield value) of the celery according to 5.0 yuan/Kg. And (5) continuously cropping for three years.

Experimental example 1:1, intercropping celery and green Chinese onions, selecting the celery of which the variety is French queen and the green Chinese onions of which the variety is Shandong nutty green Chinese onions for intercropping, planting the celery in flat furrows of a field, wherein the row spacing of the celery is 25 multiplied by 25cm, the green Chinese onions are planted in furrows, the width of the furrows is 30cm, the height of the furrows is 30cm, the double-row planting is carried out, the row spacing is 10cm, 5 times of commercial organic compound fertilizers are carried out in the whole growth period to total 80 Kg/mu, the planting area is 1 mu, 5 times of commercial organic compound fertilizers are carried out in the whole growth period to total 80 Kg/mu, after the celery is ripe, the continuous roots are harvested, meanwhile, the green Chinese onions are harvested, the yield of the celery and the yield of the green Chinese onions are counted, the yield of the celery is 5.0 yuan/Kg, and the green Chinese onions are 4.2 yuan/Kg, and the yield value and the total yield value are respectively calculated. Continuously planting for three years.

Experimental example 2: 1, intercropping celery and hot pepper, selecting a france queen celery and a hot pepper of Longjiao variety for intercropping, planting the celery in a flat furrow of a large field, wherein the row spacing of the celery is 25 multiplied by 25cm, the hot pepper is ridge planted, the row spacing of the ridges is 50cm, the row spacing of the hot pepper is 30cm, 5 times of commercial organic compound fertilizer is planted in the whole growth period for 80 Kg/mu, the planting area is 1 mu, 5 times of commercial organic compound fertilizer is planted in the whole growth period for 80 Kg/mu, after the celery is mature, the hot pepper is harvested, simultaneously harvesting the hot pepper, counting the yield of the celery and the yield of the hot pepper, respectively calculating the yield and the total yield of the celery according to 5.0 yuan/Kg and the Longjiao according to 6.4 yuan/Kg. Continuously planting for three years.

Experimental example 3: selecting celery of which the variety is French queen for continuous cropping, adopting a large-field flat-bed cultivation mode to cultivate celery, wherein the row spacing of the celery is 25 multiplied by 25cm, the planting area is 1 mu, 5 times of topdressing are carried out in the whole growth period, the total amount of the bio-organic fertilizer disclosed by the application is 80 Kg/mu, the celery is harvested continuously after the celery is mature, the yield (per mu yield) of the celery is counted, and the yield value (per mu yield value) of the celery is calculated according to 5.0 yuan/Kg of the celery. And (5) continuously cropping for three years.

In comparative example 1 and experimental examples 1 to 3, other field management measures were the same.

The production and yield data obtained in comparative example 1 and experimental examples 1 to 3 were counted, respectively.

The results of the first year comparative experiments are shown in the following table:

the results of the second year comparative experiment are shown in the following table:

the results of the third year comparative experiment are shown in the following table:

as can be seen from the above data, in comparative example 1, celery continuous cropping took 3 years, and the yield of celery decreased year after year due to the continuous cropping problem. In the experimental examples 1 and 2, the microbial environment in the rhizosphere soil of the celery is changed in the growth process through the intercropping of the celery, the green Chinese onions and the peppers, and the problem of continuous cropping of the celery can be solved to a certain extent. In experimental example 3, the acre yield of celery in three years of continuous cropping planting is kept to be more than 4800Kg, and the acre yield of celery in three years of continuous cropping planting is not reduced, by applying the biological organic fertilizer disclosed by the application, the rhizosphere soil in the growing process of celery has microbial colonies which are only existed in intercropping, the continuous cropping problem of celery can be solved to a certain extent, and meanwhile, the fertility of the rhizosphere soil of the celery can be obviously improved under the action of a microbial agent, a compound fertilizer and an organic material, the growth of the celery is promoted, the quality of the celery is improved, and finally, the yield of the celery is obviously improved.

Compared with the comparative example 1, the yield per mu of the celery is improved by about 20% in the experimental example 3, and compared with the experimental example 1, the experimental example 2 and the comparative example 1, the yield per mu value is increased by at least 5000 yuan in the experimental example 3, so that the economic income of farmers is improved, the economic development of areas using the celery as economic crops is promoted, and finally, the comprehensive economic benefit of the celery agriculture is obviously improved.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present application, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the claims. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. The microbial agent is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 to 2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 to 2 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 1 to 2 parts of pseudomonas, 1 to 2 parts of trichoderma harzianum and 1 part of mortierella alpina.

2. The preparation method of the microbial agent is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s20, respectively collecting three celery soil layer rhizosphere soil samples in the test area at the mature period of the celery, and respectively and correspondingly obtaining a CK soil sample, a CIS soil sample and a CIP soil sample;

s30, microbial colonies in the CK soil sample, the CIS soil sample and the CIP soil sample are detected respectively;

s40, respectively extracting microbial colonies different from the microbial colonies in the CIS soil sample and/or the CIP soil sample and the CK soil sample, fermenting, culturing and drying to obtain a microbial agent, wherein the microbial agent comprises 1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-2 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 1-2 parts of pseudomonas, 1-2 parts of trichoderma harzianum and 1 part of mortierella alpina.

3. The method for preparing a microbial agent according to claim 2, further comprising the following steps after S30 and before S40:

in the case where the first abundance is greater than the second abundance, extracting the microbial colony in the CIS soil sample that is different from that in the CK soil sample in the S40;

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the microbial colony in the CIP soil sample different from that in the CK soil sample is extracted in the S40.

5. The method for preparing a microbial inoculant according to claim 2, wherein in S10, celery is planted in flat furrows in a field, the row spacing of the plants is 25 x 25cm, green Chinese onions are planted in grooves, the distance between the grooves is 60cm, the width of the grooves is 20cm, the depth of the grooves is 25cm, the row spacing is 4cm, peppers are planted in furrows, the distance between the furrows is 120cm, the width of the furrow surface is 80cm, the height of the furrow surface is 20cm, the planting distance is 35cm, and the total amount of the compound fertilizers is 80 kg/mu after 5 times of compound fertilizer planting in the whole growth period.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein the CIS soil sample and/or the CIP soil sample are different from the CK soil sample and are > 100cfu/cm in S40 ³ The microbial colony of (a).

7. A bio-organic fertilizer comprising the microbial agent of claim 1.

8. The bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of microbial agent, 100-120 parts of organic material and 40-50 parts of compound fertilizer.

9. The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:

t10. Preparing the microbial agent of claim 1;

t20, taking 10-15 parts of the microbial inoculum and 100-120 parts of organic materials, mixing uniformly, stacking and fermenting to obtain a semi-finished product;

10. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 9, wherein before T20, the method further comprises the following steps:

mixing pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, biogas residues and corn straws, and uniformly mixing to obtain the organic material; the compound fertilizer comprises nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, methyl synergistic phosphorus powder, synergistic ether powder, ethephon and the like.