CN115605628A - 钢部件 - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN115605628A
CN115605628A CN202180035205.1A CN202180035205A CN115605628A CN 115605628 A CN115605628 A CN 115605628A CN 202180035205 A CN202180035205 A CN 202180035205A CN 115605628 A CN115605628 A CN 115605628A
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China
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layer
steel
hardness
compound layer
thickness
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CN202180035205.1A
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Inventor
井原直哉
岩本隆
西村公宏
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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Publication of CN115605628A publication Critical patent/CN115605628A/zh
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
    • C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/007—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Co
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
    • C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
    • C21D8/1222—Hot rolling
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C21D9/085—Cooling or quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
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    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
    • C23C8/48—Nitriding
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    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/52—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions more than one element being applied in one step
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    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C8/72—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes more than one element being applied in one step
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    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
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    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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Abstract

提供一种面疲劳强度优异的钢部件。为此，设为：从表面向内侧依次具有厚度为5.0μm～30.0μm的氮化化合物层和固化层，上述氮化化合物层的最表层中的多孔层的厚度为3.0μm以下且上述氮化化合物层的厚度的40.0％以下，具有从上述表面向内侧50μm的位置的硬度为HV600以上、从上述表面向内侧400μm的硬度为HV400以上以及从上述表面向内侧600μm的硬度为HV250以上的固化层。

Description

钢部件
技术领域
本发明涉及钢部件，特别是涉及在表层具有通过软氮化处理而形成的化合物层的疲劳特性优异的钢部件。
背景技术
由于对汽车的齿轮等机械结构部件要求优异的疲劳特性，所以通常实施表面固化处理。作为表面固化处理，众所周知有渗碳处理、高频淬火处理、氮化处理等。
其中，渗碳处理在高温的奥氏体区域中使C浸入·扩散，因此能够得到深的固化深度，对提高疲劳特性有效。然而，由于通过渗碳处理而产生热处理应变，所以对于从静音性等观点出发要求严格的尺寸精度的部件，其应用是困难的。
另外，高频淬火处理是通过高频感应加热对表层部进行淬火的处理，因此也产生热处理应变，与渗碳处理同样在尺寸精度方面存在问题。
另一方面，氮化处理是在Ac1相变点以下的较低温度范围使氮浸入·扩散而提高表面硬度的处理，因此如上所述的热处理应变小。然而，存在如下问题：处理时间长达50～100小时，另外处理后需要去除表层的脆性化合物层。
因此，开发了在与氮化处理相同程度的处理温度下缩短处理时间的所谓的软氮化处理，近年来以机械结构用部件等为对象广泛普及。该软氮化处理是在500～600℃的温度范围使N和C同时浸入，再在表层形成固溶有C的氮化物层，同时进一步使N扩散到基铁中形成固化层，使表面固化，与以往的氮化处理相比，能够使处理时间减至一半以下。
然而，在上述渗碳处理中，能够通过淬火固化来提高芯部硬度，与此相对，软氮化处理是在钢的相变点以下的温度下进行处理，因此芯部硬度不上升，与渗碳处理材料相比，软氮化处理材料存在疲劳特性差的问题。
因此，为了提高软氮化处理材料的疲劳特性，通常在软氮化处理前进行淬火·回火处理，提高芯部硬度，但是得到的疲劳特性并不充分，另外，制造成本上升，进而也不可避免机械加工性的降低。
作为解决这样的问题的方案，在专利文献1中提出了通过在钢中含有Ni、Cu、Al、Cr、Ti等而能够在软氮化处理后得到高弯曲疲劳特性的软氮化用钢。即，该钢通过软氮化处理，对于芯部用Ni－Al、Ni－Ti系的金属间化合物或Cu化合物进行时效固化，另一方面，对于表层部在氮化层中使Cr、Al、Ti等氮化物、碳化物析出固化，由此提高弯曲疲劳特性。
另外，在专利文献2中提出了一种软氮化用钢，其将含有0.5～2％的Cu的钢通过热锻锻造后进行空冷，制成固溶有Cu的铁素体主体的组织，在580℃、120分钟的软氮化处理中使Cu析出固化，进一步也并用Ti、V和Nb碳氮化合物的析出固化，由此在软氮化处理后得到优异的弯曲疲劳特性。
进而，在专利文献3中提出了分散有Ti－Mo碳化物、以及在它们中进一步包含Nb、V、W中的一种或两种以上的碳化物的软氮化用钢。
在专利文献4中提出了通过减少表面的化合物层的空隙率来提高面疲劳强度。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开平5－59488号公报
专利文献2：日本特开2002－69572号公报
专利文献3：日本特开2010－163671号公报
专利文献4：日本专利6388075号
发明内容
然而，专利文献1～3所记载的软氮化钢虽然弯曲疲劳特性优异，但是未考虑面疲劳特性。另外，专利文献4所记载的技术通过改善最表层的化合物层来改善面疲劳特性，但是未考虑固化层深度。
本发明有利地解决了上述问题，其目的在于提供通过适当调整化合物层和固化层深度而具有优异的面疲劳特性的钢部件。
发明人等为了解决上述问题，对最佳的化合物层和固化层深度进行了深入研究。其结果发现，兼顾固化层深度的增加和化合物层的脆化的抑制，对提高面疲劳特性是有效的。
1.一种钢部件，从表面到内侧依次具有厚度为5.0μm～30.0μm的氮化化合物层和固化层，
上述氮化化合物层的最表层中的多孔层的厚度为3.0μm以下且上述氮化化合物层的厚度的40.0％以下，
上述固化层的从上述表面向内侧50μm的位置的硬度为HV600以上，从上述表面向内侧400μm的硬度为HV400以上，以及从上述表面向内侧600μm的硬度为HV250以上。
2.根据上述1所述的钢部件，其中，上述钢部件为带齿部件，是至少在齿部分具有上述氮化化合物层和上述固化层而成的。
根据本发明，能够提供面疲劳强度优异的钢部件。因此，本发明的钢部件在应用于汽车等机械结构部件时非常有用。
附图说明
图1是表示滚筒剥离试验片的图。
图2是表示软氮化部件的典型制造工序的图。
具体实施方式
以下，具体说明本发明。
首先，对将本发明的钢部件的氮化化合物层和多孔层的厚度以及固化层的硬度分布限定在上述范围内的理由进行说明。
由氮化化合物构成的氮化化合物层的厚度：5.0μm～30.0μm
氮化化合物层(以下也称为化合物层)的硬度极高，有助于提高钢部件的面疲劳特性。如果该氮化化合物层的厚度过薄，则由于磨损而钢部件的基铁部分提前露出，疲劳强度提高效果受损。因此，氮化化合物层的厚度为5.0μm以上。优选为6.0μm以上，更优选为10.0μm以上。
另一方面，在氮化化合物层的厚度过厚的情况下，难以抑制后述的多孔层的产生。因此，氮化化合物层的厚度为30.0μm以下。优选为25.0μm以下。
多孔层厚度：氮化化合物层的厚度的40.0％以下且3.0μm以下
多孔层是指通过软氮化在化合物层的最表层不可避免地产生的微小孔隙的集合体。该多孔层的存在对疲劳强度产生不良影响，因此优选尽可能减薄。即，如果多孔层的厚度超过3.0μm或超过氮化化合物层的厚度的40.0％，则不能充分得到由于氮化化合物层的形成而期待的疲劳特性提高的效果。因此，多孔层的厚度需要为氮化化合物层的厚度的40.0％以下且3.0μm以下。当然，也可以为0。
应予说明，本发明的多孔层的厚度通过后述实施例中说明的方法进行测定。
固化层深度：从表面向内侧50μm位置的硬度为HV600以上，从表面向内侧400μm的硬度为HV400以上，从表面向内侧600μm的硬度为HV250以上
已知材料的硬度与疲劳强度存在相关关系(例如参见“NIMS物质·材料数据库、JIS机械结构用钢、铬钢和铬钼钢的机械性质和疲劳特性”)。即，与成分无关，只要硬度充分，就能够得到所期望的疲劳强度。
这里，在钢部件发生伴随滑动的接触时，两种力作用于该钢部件。一个是由切向力产生的剪切应力，它在表面达到最大。另一个是由法向力产生的剪切应力，它在更深的位置达到最大。为了对这两种力发挥优异的疲劳特性，设定上述硬度分布。
特别是，由法向力产生的剪切应力对于固化层浅的软氮化钢来说容易成为问题。在使齿轮的齿、圆筒、球体彼此接触的情况下，由于法向力而产生的剪切应力分布可以用下式表示。这里，z为深度，P(z)为深度z的剪切应力，Pmax为最大接触应力，b为接触椭圆短径。
Figure BDA0003942459220000041
虽然也取决于钢部件的形状、负载负荷，但是在多数情况下，剪切应力在深度400μm位置达到最大值，可能成为断裂的起点。因此，如上所述地设定硬度分布。
应予说明，上述氮化化合物层是在对钢实施软氮化处理后形成的，但是通过该软氮化处理，N向化合物层的内侧扩散，结果该N扩散层成为固化层。通过由扩散引起的N浓度的调整，能够如上所述地调整固化层硬度。
本发明的钢部件特别适合应用于齿轮等带齿部件，特别适合在该带齿部件的齿的部分形成上述氮化化合物层和固化层。齿轮之类的带齿部件的齿是具有伴随滑动的接触的部位，是要求优异的面疲劳强度的部位。如果在该齿的部分形成上述氮化化合物层和固化层，则确保作为带齿部件的耐久性。
应予说明，对于即使不是带齿部件而也存在具有伴随滑动的接触的部位的钢部件，该部位的面疲劳对于部件耐久性的确保是重要的，因此通过在这样的部位形成上述氮化化合物层和固化相，能够得到耐久性的提高效果。因此，本发明的钢部件不限定于带齿部件。
接下来，对本发明的钢部件的制造方法进行说明。
图2表示使用软氮化用钢(棒钢)制造软氮化部件的典型制造工序。这里，S1是成为材料的棒钢(软氮化用钢)制造工序，S2是输送工序，S3是部件(软氮化部件)的制造工序。
首先，在棒钢制造工序(S1)将钢锭进行热轧和/或热锻制成棒钢，质量检查后出厂。然后，在输送(S2)后，在软氮化部件精加工工序(S3)中将棒钢切断为规定的尺寸，进行热锻或冷锻，根据需要通过钻孔、车削等切削加工而制成所期望的形状(例如齿轮制品、轴制品)，然后进行软氮化处理，制成制品。
另外，有时也将热轧材料直接通过车削、钻孔等切削加工来加工成所期望的形状，然后进行软氮化处理而制成制品。应予说明，在热锻的情况下，有时在热锻后进行冷矫正。
接着，对得到的轧制材料或锻造材料实施切削加工而制成部件形状，然后进行软氮化处理。为了得到上述固化层深度，需要使软氮化温度为550～590℃，软氮化时间为5小时以上。另一方面，在软氮化时间如此长的情况下，根据软氮化条件而化合物层和多孔层过度生长，导致疲劳强度降低。因此，软氮化中的氮化电位需要抑制得低。如果降低软氮化中的气氛的氮化电位，则多孔层的厚度变小。因此，需要按照成为材料的钢的规格或成分预先求出氮化电位与多孔层厚度的关系，采用能够达到本发明中规定的多孔层厚度的氮化电位。
应予说明，在软氮化处理中，使N与C同时浸入钢中，形成固溶有C的氮化化合物层，进一步使N扩散到基铁中，因此可以在NH3、N2等氮性气体和CO2、CO等渗碳性气体的混合气氛、例如NH3：N2：CO2＝50：45∶5的气氛下进行软氮化处理。
实施例
以下，对本发明的实施例具体进行说明。
将表1所示的组成的钢(钢种A～E)用连续铸造机制成截面300mm×400mm的铸片。将该铸片在1250℃下均热30分钟后通过热轧制成一边为140mm的矩形截面的钢片。进而，将该钢片热轧，制成80mmφ的棒钢(热轧状态的材料)。将该棒钢在1200℃下保持1小时后进行热锻，制成直径更小的35mmφ的棒钢。
[表1]
(质量％)
钢 C Si Mn P S Cr 其他
A 0.230 0.20 3.13 0.030 0.101 3.01 -
B 0.121 0.30 1.45 0.012 0.050 1.37 -
C 0.195 0.25 2.42 0.012 0.040 1.98 V：0.2
D 0.061 0.02 1.79 0.015 0.042 1.19 Nb：0.12
E 0.195 0.19 0.82 0.010 0.059 1.39 -
F 1.011 0.18 0.25 0.020 0.010 1.40 -
G 0.530 0.20 0.80 0.015 0.013 1.09 V：0.2
H 0.060 0.53 0.80 0.031 0.015 17.20 -
进而，对于上述热锻材，与长边方向平行地采集图1所示的滚筒剥离试验片，对该试验片进行软氮化处理。为了得到所期望的化合物层、硬度分布，是当调整软氮化温度、时间、氮化电位。
对这样得到的软氮化处理材料进行硬度测定、化合物层·多孔层厚度的测定和疲劳特性评价。将这些测定结果和评价结果示于表2。
硬度测定对于上述软氮化处理材料的截面，在从表面起50μm、400μm、600μm的各位置分别进行测定。另外，硬度的测定均使用维氏硬度计，依据JIS Z2244，以2.94N(300gf)的试验负荷测定6点，求出其平均值。
对软氮化处理材料的截面进行化合物层和多孔层厚度的测定。用3％硝酸乙醇腐蚀液使钢腐蚀，使用光学显微镜将表层部分以1000倍进行3个视场的观察，确定未腐蚀的化合物层。化合物层的厚度测定3个视场中的最大的化合物层厚的值。对于多孔层，对于上述3个视场，分别测定从表面沿深度方向连续存在的微小孔隙的集合体中厚度最厚的部位的厚度，将它们中的最大的值作为多孔层厚度。
疲劳特性评价使用进行软氮化处理后的滚筒剥离试验片(参照图1)中未进行组织观察、硬度测定和析出物观察的试验片，通过NIKKO CREATE CO.,LTD.制RPT-402测定疲劳寿命。滚筒剥离试验条件为最大接触应力2600MPa，滑动率40％，使用齿轮油(BESCOTRANSAXLE)作为润滑油，在油温80℃下进行。试验时的转速为1500rpm。对于与转送面接触的大辊，使用凸面R150mm的SUJ2的淬火回火品。
[表2]
[表2-1]
Figure BDA0003942459220000081
[表2-2]
Figure BDA0003942459220000091
*1下划线表示适用范围外
[表2-3]
Figure BDA0003942459220000101
*1下划线表示适用范围外
应予说明，在所有发明例中，对于硬度从表面起的深度方向分布，从表面起小于400μm的深度位置的硬度大于从表面起400μm位置的硬度，另外，小于600μm的深度位置的硬度大于从表面起600μm位置的硬度，因此，可以确认从表面到400μm的硬度为从表面起400μm位置的硬度以上，从表面到600μm的硬度为从表面起600μm位置的硬度以上。

Claims (2)

1.一种钢部件，从表面向内侧依次具有厚度为5.0μm～30.0μm的氮化化合物层和固化层，
所述氮化化合物层的最表层中的多孔层的厚度为3.0μm以下且所述氮化化合物层的厚度的40.0％以下，
所述固化层的从所述表面向内侧50μm的位置的硬度为HV600以上，从所述表面向内侧400μm的硬度为HV400以上，以及从所述表面向内侧600μm的硬度为HV250以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钢部件，其中，所述钢部件为带齿部件，是至少在齿部分具有所述氮化化合物层和所述固化层而成的。
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