CN115594813A - 水性聚氨酯分散体及一次性手套 - Google Patents
水性聚氨酯分散体及一次性手套 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115594813A CN115594813A CN202210997890.2A CN202210997890A CN115594813A CN 115594813 A CN115594813 A CN 115594813A CN 202210997890 A CN202210997890 A CN 202210997890A CN 115594813 A CN115594813 A CN 115594813A
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- Prior art keywords
- aqueous polyurethane
- polyurethane dispersion
- diol
- linear
- dispersion according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229920003009 polyurethane dispersion Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 61
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- -1 polyoxyethylene chain Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 26
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
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- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid Chemical group OCC(C)(CO)C(O)=O PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- STFMTYFMMARGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol;phthalic acid Chemical compound OCCCCCCO.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O STFMTYFMMARGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
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- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282376 Panthera tigris Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L adipate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWLCPLJMACDPFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane;1,2-diisocyanatoethane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1.O=C=NCCN=C=O TWLCPLJMACDPFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006150 hyperbranched polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/348—Hydroxycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/4277—Caprolactone and/or substituted caprolactone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种水性聚氨酯分散体及一次性手套,所述水性聚氨酯分散体包括固形物和水,所述固形物由低聚物多元醇、小分子多元醇、亲水扩链剂、二异氰酸酯、中和剂及交联剂制成,所述低聚物多元醇中含有线型聚酯二醇和线型聚醚二醇I,所述线型聚酯二醇和所述线型聚醚二醇I的总重量占所述低聚物多元醇总重量的80wt%以上,所述线型聚酯二醇与所述线型聚醚二醇I的质量比为(0.7~3.5):1;所述线型聚醚二醇I中聚氧化乙烯链节的含量≥15wt%。本发明所制得的聚氨酯手套薄膜兼顾较低的模量、较好的回弹性、较高的强度和较好的耐水性,穿戴舒适性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子化合物技术领域,具体涉及水性聚氨酯分散体及一次性手套。
背景技术
目前,市售一次性手套的材质主要包括聚氯乙烯、乳胶、丁腈等,上述材料各有优势但也仍存在不足,如聚氯乙烯手套使用了大量增塑剂,对人体健康不利;乳胶手套存在易引发人体过敏反应的问题;丁腈手套制备过程中的高温硫化工艺具有环境及安全隐患,且存在弹性差、透气性差、佩戴不舒适等缺点。为了解决上述问题,开发一种对人体和环境友好的,并且综合性能较优的一次性手套材料成为近几年的热点,而水性聚氨酯就是理想的替代材料之一。
与水性聚氨酯涂料、水性聚氨酯胶黏剂等领域的应用不同,一次性手套等需要应用于人体的聚氨酯材料对穿戴舒适性有着特别的要求,这就需要水性聚氨酯具有较低的模量、较好的回弹性和一定的强度,同时,由于人们在使用时难免会与水接触,因此还需要材料具有较好的耐水性。然而,模量、强度、弹性、耐水性等指标在相互间存在一定的负相关性,因此,同时兼顾上述四项性能并非易事。
如中国专利CN109535372B公开了一种水性聚氨酯及其制备方法,采用官能化多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷和多官能化合物化学改性的高性能水性聚氨酯,使其具有较好的耐水性,但是其100%模量较高为18MPa左右,且其使用的多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷成本较高。
又如中国专利CN107722217A公开了一种阴离子与非离子混合型水性聚氨酯分散体及其制备方法,采用双端羟基非离子型亲水扩链剂制得阴离子与非离子混合型水性聚氨酯分散体,使聚氨酯薄膜的吸水率低至14%,且模量低至1.12MPa,但其强度和回弹性明显不足,强度仅为13.5MPa,伸长率仅为811%。
因此,亟需开发兼顾模量、强度、弹性和耐水性的水性聚氨酯材料,以提高人们的穿戴体验感。
发明内容
本发明的目的是:(1)使聚氨酯薄膜兼顾较低的模量、较好的回弹性、较高的强度和较好的耐水性;(2)获得薄且性能优良的一次性聚氨酯手套。
为了实现以上目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种水性聚氨酯分散体,包括固形物和水,所述固形物由以下重量百分比的原料制得:
所述低聚物多元醇中含有线型聚酯二醇和线型聚醚二醇I,所述线型聚酯二醇和所述线型聚醚二醇I的总重量占所述低聚物多元醇总重量的80wt%以上,所述线型聚酯二醇与所述线型聚醚二醇I的质量比为(0.7~3.5):1,所述线型聚醚二醇I中聚氧化乙烯链节的含量≥15wt%。
本发明的发明人经研究发现,当低聚物多元醇中含有线型聚酯二醇和线型聚醚二醇I,并且当所述线型聚酯二醇和所述线型聚醚二醇I的使用量达到低聚物多元醇总重量的80wt%以上时,可以使聚氨酯的结构更规整,有利于结晶并提高聚氨酯薄膜的耐水性能,同时,当线型聚醚二醇I中聚氧化乙烯链节的含量≥15wt%,并且线型聚酯二醇与所述线型聚醚二醇I 的质量比为(0.7~3.5):1时,又能够赋予聚氨酯薄膜较低的模量,并兼顾较高的拉伸强度和较好的断裂伸长率,最终使得本发明所制备的聚氨酯薄膜,在特定结构分子链段间的协同作用下,可以兼顾耐水性和舒适性。本发明所述的穿戴舒适性反应在力学性能上就是拉伸强度、模量和断裂伸长率的兼顾,若模量低、断裂伸长率高且强度好,则穿戴舒适性好。
作为优选地,所述线型聚醚二醇I由平均官能度为2的起始剂与氧化烯烃经开环聚合制得,所述氧化烯烃为氧化乙烯或氧化乙烯与氧化丙烯的组合物。
所述氧化烯烃可以全部由氧化乙烯组成,也可以由氧化乙烯与氧化丙烯组成。使用氧化乙烯作为原料可以制得含有聚氧化乙烯链节的线型聚醚二醇I,由于聚氧化乙烯链节具有亲水性,其含量不能过高,通常≤10wt%,但本发明通过分子结构的设计,在聚氧乙烯链节含量>10wt%的情况下,也可以使材料具备很好的耐水性,同时兼具较好的弹性,为了进一步兼顾耐水性和穿戴舒适性,更为优选的是所述聚氧化乙烯链节的含量为15~50wt%。
作为优选地,所述线型聚酯二醇的分子链的重复单元中含有式(I)结构:
—(CH2)n— (I)
其中,n=4~6。
本发明所述的线型聚酯二醇有时也称为线性聚酯二醇,即没有支链的聚酯二醇,通常由二元羧酸(或酸酐或酯)与二元醇(或二元胺或二元醇胺)缩合或由内酯与二元醇(或二元胺或二元醇胺)聚合而成,如己二酸系聚酯二醇、芳香族聚酯二醇、聚己内酯二醇、聚碳酸酯二醇等,其中己二酸系聚酯二醇可选自聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸乙二醇二甘醇酯二醇、聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇等,芳香族聚酯二醇可选自聚邻苯二甲酸一缩二乙二醇酯二醇、聚邻苯二甲酸-1,6-己二醇酯二醇等,聚己内酯二醇可选自乙二醇聚己内酯二醇、二甘醇聚己内酯二醇等,聚碳酸酯二醇可选自聚碳酸-1,6-己二醇酯二醇、聚碳酸亚丙酯二醇、聚碳酸亚乙酯二醇等。为了增强聚氨酯薄膜的致密性,进而提高耐水性,优选所述线型聚酯二醇分子链的重复单元中含有式(I)结构:—(CH2)n—,其中,n=4~6,分子量为1500~3000,如聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇的结构式为其重复单元中含有— (CH2)4—,聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇的结构式为结构式为其重复单元中含有—(CH2)4—和—(CH2)6—,乙二醇聚己内酯二醇的结构式为其重复单元中含有—(CH2)5—,二甘醇聚己内酯二醇的结构式为其重复单元中含有—(CH2)5—,聚碳酸-1,6-己二醇酯二醇的结构式为其重复单元中含有—(CH2)6—,聚邻苯二甲酸-1,6-己二醇酯二醇的结构式为其重复单元中含有—(CH2)6—。
作为优选地,所述低聚物多元醇还包括有机硅多元醇,所述有机硅多元醇为端羟烷基聚硅氧烷和/或羟基硅油。
低聚物多元醇中含有有机硅多元醇,可以进一步提高水性聚氨酯材料的耐水性,所述有机硅多元醇可以是端羟烷基聚硅氧烷和/或羟基硅油,所述端羟烷基聚硅氧烷的端羟基与碳原子相连,所述羟基硅油的端羟基与硅原子相连,所述端羟基的个数为2。本发明在使用较少量的端羟基聚硅氧烷时即可实现较好的耐水解性。
作为优选地,所述小分子多元醇为分子量小于200的乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,4- 丁二醇或1,5-戊二醇中的至少一种。
采用上述小分子多元醇可以较好的兼顾聚氨酯材料的手感和强度。
作为优选地,所述亲水扩链剂为二羟甲基丙酸或/和二羟甲基丁酸。
采用上述亲水扩链剂利于分散,减少丙酮溶剂残留。
作为优选地,所述二异氰酸酯为官能度为2且含有六元碳环的异氰酸酯。
采用上述二异氰酸酯,可进一步优化本发明的聚氨酯材料的拉伸强度和回弹性;本发明的二异氰酸酯为异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、环己烷二异氰酸酯(CHDI)或环己烷二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HXDI)。
作为优选地,所述中和剂为氢氧化钾、三乙胺或三丁胺。
采用上述中和剂,相容性较好,更适用于本配方体系,使得阴离子水性聚氨酯中和后,可以降低界面能、促进预聚体的乳化及乳液的稳定。
作为优选地,所述交联剂为乙二胺、1,6-己二胺、哌嗪或端氨基烷基聚硅氧烷中的至少一种。
采用上述交联剂,可以优化水性聚氨酯的交联密度,调控其弹性模量。
一次性手套,使用上述任意一种所述的水性聚氨酯分散体制得。
作为优选地,所述水性聚氨酯分散体中固体物质的含量为10~45wt%,粒径为30~200nm。
采用上述技术方案,仍能兼顾较低的模量、较好的回弹性、较高的强度和较好的耐水性。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明所制得的聚氨酯手套薄膜兼顾较低的模量、较好的回弹性、较高的强度和较好的耐水性,穿戴舒适性好;
(2)本发明所制得的聚氨酯手套薄膜的丙酮残余量极低,没有难闻的气味;
(3)本发明能够获得薄且性能优良的一次性聚氨酯手套,手套厚度为0.03mm时,仍能兼顾较低的模量、较好的回弹性、较高的强度和较好的耐水性。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
本发明所使用的部分原材料如下:
线型聚酯二醇:
聚己内酯二醇PCL-2302,湖南聚仁化工新材料科技有限公司,羟值为37.4mgKOH/g;
己二酸系聚酯二醇SE-1714V,韩国三星聚合物公司,由己二酸与乙二醇和二甘醇聚合而得,羟值为49.1mgKOH/g;
己二酸系聚酯二醇SE-3014V,韩国三星聚合物公司,由己二酸与乙二醇和二甘醇聚合而得,羟值为36.4mgKOH/g;
聚碳酸-1,6-己二醇酯二醇UH-CARB200,日本宇部,羟值为56mgKOH/g;
聚碳酸亚丙酯二醇PPCD236,达志精细化工有限公司,羟值为38mgKOH/g;
聚邻苯二甲酸-1,6-己二醇酯二醇HF-8356,浙江华峰,羟值为53mgKOH/g;
聚邻苯二甲酸一缩二乙二醇酯二醇HF-8056,浙江华峰,羟值为56mgKOH/g;
线型聚醚二醇I:
U-220E,长华化学科技股份有限公司,聚氧化乙烯链节含量43wt%,羟值为56mgKOH/g;
POL-1,自制,起始剂为二甘醇,氧化烯烃为氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯,聚氧化乙烯链节含量15wt%,羟值为74.8mgKOH/g;
POL-2,自制,起始剂为1,4-丁二醇,氧化烯烃为氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯,聚氧化乙烯链节含量25wt%,羟值为56mgKOH/g;
POL-3,自制,起始剂为二甘醇,氧化烯烃为氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯,聚氧化乙烯链节含量50wt%,羟值为44.9mgKOH/g;
POL-4,自制,起始剂为1,6-己二醇,聚氧化乙烯链节含量100%,羟值为55.8mgKOH/g;
有机硅多元醇:
端羟烷基聚硅氧烷Tech-2140,上海泰格聚合物技术有限公司,羟值为28mgKOH/g;
端羟烷基聚硅氧烷-聚醚共聚物Tech-2147,上海泰格聚合物技术有限公司,羟值为 51mgKOH/g。
其他多元醇:
POL-5,自制,起始剂为二甘醇,氧化烯烃为氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯,聚氧化乙烯链节含量10wt%,羟值为55.3mgKOH/g;
POL-6,自制,起始剂为二甘醇,氧化烯烃为氧化乙烯和氧化丁烯,聚氧化乙烯链节含量为30wt%,羟值为52mgKOH/g;
聚四氢呋喃迷二醇PTG2000,大连化工,羟值为58.4mgKOH/g;
端氨基烷基聚硅氧烷:
Tech-2420,上海泰格聚合物技术有限公司,分子量为2000。
本发明中吸水率的检测方法为:将手套薄膜放入水中浸泡24小时后取出,擦干表面水并称重,计算浸水后相对于浸水前的质量变化率,单位为%。
实施例1
准备1L的圆底烧瓶,安装搅拌器、温度计、冷凝回流管、温控装置,预留氮气进出口。向烧瓶内加入81g PCL-2302、35g U-220E、3g Tech-2140、6.8g 1,4-丁二醇和6g二羟甲基丁酸,加热至110℃,搅拌速度110~120rpm。待预混物熔融后,降温至70℃。然后将45g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯缓慢加入反应烧瓶中,并保持反应温度为80~90℃,反应过程中加入40g丙酮降低黏度,维持反应直到预聚物的NCO%为1.6%,立即将温度降至40~50℃,得到1#预聚体。
向1#预聚体中加入3.89g三乙胺,反应10min进行中和,然后加入127g水,400~500rpm 转速下搅拌15min,最后加入2.35g乙二胺和300g水的混合溶液,反应时间不低于20min,得到1#水性聚氨酯分散体,固含量为30wt%,平均粒径为80nm。
将手套模具涂上脱模剂,然后浸入1#水性聚氨酯分散体中,经干燥后进行脱模,获得1# 一次性手套,厚度为0.04mm。
实施例2
准备1L的圆底烧瓶,安装搅拌器、温度计、冷凝回流管、温控装置,预留氮气进出口。向烧瓶内加入60g PCL-2302、20g SE-1714V、26g POL-3、1g Tech-2147、4g POL-5、6.7g1,4- 丁二醇和6g二羟甲基丁酸,加热至110℃,搅拌速度110~120rpm。待预混物熔融后,降温至70℃。然后将45g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯缓慢加入反应烧瓶中,并保持反应温度为80~90℃,反应过程中加入50g丙酮降低黏度,维持反应直到预聚物的NCO%为1.77%,立即将温度降至40~50℃,得到2#预聚体。
向2#预聚体中加入3.89g三乙胺,反应10min进行中和,然后加入147g水,400~500rpm 转速下搅拌15min,最后加入4.5g 1,6-己二胺、9.92g Tech-2420和200g水的混合溶液,反应时间不低于20min,得到2#水性聚氨酯分散体,固含量为35wt%,平均粒径为30nm。
将手套模具涂上脱模剂,然后浸入2#水性聚氨酯分散体中,经干燥后进行脱模,获得2# 一次性手套,厚度为0.03mm。
实施例3
准备1L的圆底烧瓶,安装搅拌器、温度计、冷凝回流管、温控装置,预留氮气进出口。向烧瓶内加入42g SE-1714V、60g POL-2、6.9g 1,4-丁二醇和5g二羟甲基丙酸,加热至110℃,搅拌速度110~120rpm。待预混物熔融后,降温至70℃。然后将55g二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯缓慢加入反应烧瓶中,并保持反应温度为80~90℃,反应过程中加入40g丙酮降低黏度,维持反应直到预聚物的NCO%为1.85%,立即将温度降至40~50℃,得到3#预聚体。
向3#预聚体中加入3.58g三乙胺,反应10min进行中和,然后加入292g水,400~500rpm 转速下搅拌15min,最后加入2.62g乙二胺和700g水的混合溶液,反应时间不低于20min,得到3#水性聚氨酯分散体,固含量为15wt%,平均粒径为100nm。
将手套模具涂上脱模剂,然后浸入3#水性聚氨酯分散体中,经干燥后进行脱模,获得3# 一次性手套,厚度为0.05mm。
实施例4
准备1L的圆底烧瓶,安装搅拌器、温度计、冷凝回流管、温控装置,预留氮气进出口。向烧瓶内加入20g PCL-2302、32g HF-8356、20g POL-1、10g PTG2000、7g 1,4-丁二醇和6g二羟甲基丁酸,加热至110℃,搅拌速度110~120rpm。待预混物熔融后,降温至70℃。然后将 45g异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯缓慢加入反应烧瓶中,并保持反应温度为80~90℃,反应过程中加入 40g丙酮降低黏度,维持反应直到预聚物的NCO%为2.05%,立即将温度降至40~50℃,得到 4#预聚体。
向4#预聚体中加入7.13g三丁胺,反应10min进行中和,然后加入152g水,400~500rpm 转速下搅拌15min,最后加入3.79g哌嗪和300g水的混合溶液,反应时间不低于20min,得到4#水性聚氨酯分散体,固含量为25wt%,平均粒径为200nm。
将手套模具涂上脱模剂,然后浸入4#水性聚氨酯分散体中,经干燥后进行脱模,获得4# 一次性手套,厚度为0.16mm。
实施例5
准备1L的圆底烧瓶,安装搅拌器、温度计、冷凝回流管、温控装置,预留氮气进出口。向烧瓶内加入40g SE-3014V、30g HF-8056、20g POL-4、1g POL-6、8.6g 1,6-己二醇和7g二羟甲基丙酸,加热至110℃,搅拌速度110~120rpm。待预混物熔融后,降温至70℃。然后将 44g异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯缓慢加入反应烧瓶中,并保持反应温度为80~90℃,反应过程中加入 60g丙酮降低黏度,维持反应直到预聚物的NCO%为1.38%,立即将温度降至40~50℃,得到 5#预聚体。
向5#预聚体中加入5.02g三乙胺,反应10min进行中和,然后加入92g水,400~500rpm 转速下搅拌15min,最后加入1.97g乙二胺和100g水的混合溶液,反应时间不低于20min,得到5#水性聚氨酯分散体,固含量为45wt%,平均粒径为150nm。
将手套模具涂上脱模剂,然后浸入5#水性聚氨酯分散体中,经干燥后进行脱模,获得5# 一次性手套,厚度为0.21mm。
实施例6
准备1L的圆底烧瓶,安装搅拌器、温度计、冷凝回流管、温控装置,预留氮气进出口。向烧瓶内加入36g PCL-2302、10g UH-CARB200、35g POL-3、5g Tech-2140、5g POL-5、10g POL-6、7g二甘醇、2g 1,5-戊二醇和5g二羟甲基丁酸,加热至110℃,搅拌速度110~120rpm。待预混物熔融后,降温至70℃。然后将34g环己烷二异氰酸酯缓慢加入反应烧瓶中,并保持反应温度为80~90℃,反应过程中加入40g丙酮降低黏度,维持反应直到预聚物的NCO%为 2.05%,立即将温度降至40~50℃,得到6#预聚体。
向6#预聚体中加入1.89g氢氧化钾,反应10min进行中和,然后加入480g水,400~500rpm 转速下搅拌15min,最后加入2.62g乙二胺和900g水的混合溶液,反应时间不低于20min,得到6#水性聚氨酯分散体,固含量为10wt%,平均粒径为50nm。
将手套模具涂上脱模剂,然后浸入6#水性聚氨酯分散体中,经干燥后进行脱模,获得6# 一次性手套,厚度为0.08mm。
实施例7
准备1L的圆底烧瓶,安装搅拌器、温度计、冷凝回流管、温控装置,预留氮气进出口。向烧瓶内加入57g SE-1714V、10g PPCD236、35g U-220E、10g AV2113、5g乙二醇和6g二羟甲基丙酸,加热至110℃,搅拌速度110~120rpm。待预混物熔融后,降温至70℃。然后将40g环己烷二亚甲基二异氰酸酯缓慢加入反应烧瓶中,并保持反应温度为80~90℃,反应过程中加入40g丙酮降低黏度,维持反应直到预聚物的NCO%为1.05%,立即将温度降至40~50℃,得到7#预聚体。
向7#预聚体中加入4.3g三乙胺,反应10min进行中和,然后加入196g水,400~500rpm 转速下搅拌15min,最后加入2.8g 1,6-己二胺和200g水的混合溶液,反应时间不低于20min,得到7#水性聚氨酯分散体,固含量为30wt%,平均粒径为120nm。
将手套模具涂上脱模剂,然后浸入7#水性聚氨酯分散体中,经干燥后进行脱模,获得7# 一次性手套,厚度为0.07mm。
对比例1
准备1L的圆底烧瓶,安装搅拌器、温度计、冷凝回流管、温控装置,预留氮气进出口。向烧瓶内加入50g SE-3014V、30g HF-8056、13g U-220E、1g POL-6、8.6g 1,6-己二醇和7g二羟甲基丙酸,加热至110℃,搅拌速度110~120rpm。待预混物熔融后,降温至70℃。然后将 44g异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯缓慢加入反应烧瓶中,并保持反应温度为80~90℃,反应过程中加入 60g丙酮降低黏度,维持反应直到预聚物的NCO%为1.37%,立即将温度降至40~50℃,得到 D1#预聚体。
向D1#预聚体中加入5.0g三乙胺,反应10min进行中和,然后加入96g水,400~500rpm 转速下搅拌15min,最后加入1.97g乙二胺和100g水的混合溶液,反应时间不低于20min,得到D1#水性聚氨酯分散体,固含量为45wt%,平均粒径为169nm。
将手套模具涂上脱模剂,然后浸入D1#水性聚氨酯分散体中,经干燥后进行脱模,获得 D1#一次性手套,厚度为0.24mm。
对比例2
准备1L的圆底烧瓶,安装搅拌器、温度计、冷凝回流管、温控装置,预留氮气进出口。向烧瓶内加入22g PTG2000、80g POL-2、6.9g 1,4-丁二醇和5g二羟甲基丙酸,加热至110℃,搅拌速度110~120rpm。待预混物熔融后,降温至70℃。然后将55g二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯缓慢加入反应烧瓶中,并保持反应温度为80~90℃,反应过程中加入40g丙酮降低黏度,维持反应直到预聚物的NCO%为1.8%,立即将温度降至40~50℃,得到D2#预聚体。
向D2#预聚体中加入3.58g三乙胺,反应10min进行中和,然后加入292g水,400~500rpm 转速下搅拌15min,最后加入2.62g乙二胺和700g水的混合溶液,反应时间不低于20min,得到D2#水性聚氨酯分散体,固含量为15wt%,平均粒径为130nm。
将手套模具涂上脱模剂,然后浸入D2#水性聚氨酯分散体中,经干燥后进行脱模,获得 D2#一次性手套,厚度为0.08mm。
对比例3
准备1L的圆底烧瓶,安装搅拌器、温度计、冷凝回流管、温控装置,预留氮气进出口。向烧瓶内加入20g PCL-2302、32g HF-8356、20g POL-5、10g PTG2000、7g 1,4-丁二醇和6g二羟甲基丁酸,加热至110℃,搅拌速度110~120rpm。待预混物熔融后,降温至70℃。然后将 44g异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯缓慢加入反应烧瓶中,并保持反应温度为80~90℃,反应过程中加入 40g丙酮降低黏度,维持反应直到预聚物的NCO%为2.0%,立即将温度降至40~50℃,得到 D3#预聚体。
向D3#预聚体中加入7.13g三丁胺,反应10min进行中和,然后加入148水,400~500rpm 转速下搅拌15min,最后加入3.79g哌嗪和300g水的混合溶液,反应时间不低于20min,得到D3#水性聚氨酯分散体,固含量为25wt%,平均粒径为205nm。
将手套模具涂上脱模剂,然后浸入D3#水性聚氨酯分散体中,经干燥后进行脱模,获得 D3#一次性手套,厚度为0.16mm。
对比例4
准备1L的圆底烧瓶,安装搅拌器、温度计、冷凝回流管、温控装置,预留氮气进出口。向烧瓶内加入10g PTG2000、70g POL-6、26g AV2113、1g Tech-2147、6.9g 1,4-丁二醇和6g二羟甲基丁酸,加热至110℃,搅拌速度110~120rpm。待预混物熔融后,降温至70℃。然后将50g异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯缓慢加入反应烧瓶中,并保持反应温度为80~90℃,反应过程中加入50g丙酮降低黏度,维持反应直到预聚物的NCO%为1.7%,立即将温度降至40~50℃,得到D4#预聚体。
向D4#预聚体中加入3.89g三乙胺,反应10min进行中和,然后加入149水,400~500rpm 转速下搅拌15min,最后加入4.5g 1,6-己二胺、9.9g端氨基烷基聚硅氧烷和200g水的混合溶液,反应时间不低于20min,得到D4#水性聚氨酯分散体,固含量为35wt%,平均粒径为43nm。
将手套模具涂上脱模剂,然后浸入D4#水性聚氨酯分散体中,经干燥后进行脱模,获得 D4#一次性手套,厚度为0.05mm。
对制得的手套样品进行性能表征,结果如表1、表2所示。
表1 1#~7#一次性手套性能
表2 D1#~D4#一次性手套性能
性能项目 | 单位 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 | 对比例4 |
拉伸强度 | MPa | 40.3 | 22.6 | 34.51 | 38.56 |
断裂伸长率 | % | 480.7 | 985.1 | 880.2 | 978.3 |
100%拉伸模量 | MPa | 3.12 | 0.71 | 3.38 | 3.69 |
吸水率 | % | 9.43 | 34.1 | 9.43 | 25.8 |
难闻气味 | / | 无 | 无 | 无 | 有 |
本发明实施例所制得的水性聚氨酯分散体具有较好的稳定性,在常温条件下储存至少6 个月不分层,同时,从表中数据可以看出,本发明实施例1~7能够兼顾较低的模量、较好的回弹性、较高的强度和较好的耐水性,穿戴舒适性好,且丙酮残余量极低,没有难闻的气味,所制得的手套厚度在0.03~0.21mm范围内均能兼顾较低的模量、较好的回弹性、较高的强度和较好的耐水性。而对比例1在使用较多占比的线型聚酯时,聚氨酯手套薄膜的100%拉伸模量高,手感差;对比例2只使用线型聚醚的情况下拉伸强度低,且吸水率较高;对比例3使用EO含量较低的线型聚醚,100%拉伸模量高,弹性差;对比例4全部使用非线型聚酯和非线型聚醚,制得的手套薄膜模量高且耐水性差,因此,对比例的效果均不及本发明实施例。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯分散体,其特征在于,所述线型聚醚二醇I由平均官能度为2的起始剂与氧化烯烃经开环聚合制得,所述氧化烯烃为氧化乙烯或氧化乙烯与氧化丙烯的组合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯分散体,其特征在于,所述线型聚酯二醇的分子链的重复单元中含有式(I)结构:
—(CH2)n—(I)
其中,n=4~6。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯分散体,其特征在于,所述低聚物多元醇还包括有机硅多元醇,所述有机硅多元醇为端羟烷基聚硅氧烷和/或羟基硅油。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯分散体,其特征在于,所述小分子多元醇为分子量小于200的乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,4-丁二醇或1,5-戊二醇中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯分散体,其特征在于,所述亲水扩链剂为二羟甲基丙酸或/和二羟甲基丁酸。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯分散体,其特征在于,所述二异氰酸酯为官能度为2且含有六元碳环的异氰酸酯。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯分散体,其特征在于,所述中和剂为氢氧化钾、三乙胺或三丁胺;所述交联剂为乙二胺、1,6-己二胺、哌嗪或端氨基烷基聚硅氧烷中的至少一种。
9.一次性手套,其特征在于,使用权利要求1~8任意一项所述的水性聚氨酯分散体制得。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一次性手套,其特征在于,所述水性聚氨酯分散体中固体物质的含量为10~45wt%,粒径为30~200nm。
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