CN115517141A - Cultivation method for increasing protein content of triticale and micro-fertilizer - Google Patents
Cultivation method for increasing protein content of triticale and micro-fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N brassinolide Chemical compound C1OC(=O)[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@H]2CC[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]21 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract 3
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- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloromercury Chemical compound [Hg]Cl RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 10
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- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the protein content of triticale and a micro fertilizer, wherein the method comprises the following steps: selecting land, preparing land, selecting seeds, sowing, managing in field and harvesting; after seed selection or sowing, micro-fertilizer is used for processing; the formula of the micro-fertilizer is as follows: 135-200mg of brassinolide, 140-300mg of sodium selenite, 500-600mg of sodium edetate and 135-200mg of VB 6 1000g of water. Brassinolide, sodium selenite, sodium ethylene diamine tetracetate and VB 6 After the substances are combined for use, the stress resistance of the triticale seeds can be obviously improved, the germination of the triticale seeds is promoted, and the quality of the triticale is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the protein content of triticale and a micro fertilizer.
Background
Wheat is a general name of a plant of the wheat genus, and a representative species of the wheat is common wheat (a scientific name: triticum aestivum l.) which is a gramineous plant and is a cereal crop widely planted around the world, and caryopsis of wheat is one of staple foods of human beings, and after being ground into flour, the flour can be used for making bread, steamed bread, biscuits, noodles and other foods, and after being fermented, the flour can be used for making beer, alcohol, liquor or biomass fuel.
The triticale is a new wheat variety cultivated by scientific research institutions, and comprises winter black No. 1, yun Hei 161, winter black No. 10 and the like, and the triticale and common wheat have different colors and have different characteristics in aspects of protein content, trace element content and the like (Lujin Xiu, yan autumn Yan, yanfeng, and the like, the selenium content in soil obviously influences the selenium absorption of the triticale and the common wheat [ J ]. Ecological environment science and report, 2018,27 (10): 6.). Compared with common wheat, the triticale contains abundant anthocyanin, calcium, iron and the like, and the research and development and planting scale of the triticale is larger and larger along with the change of the dietary structure of people from a 'saturated type' to a 'nutritional type' and a 'functional type' direction.
However, since triticale is a new variety developed in recent years, the cultivation method is not mature, and the same cultivation method as that of common triticale is still adopted at present, including the steps of seed screening, fertilization and soil preparation, sowing, field management and the like, wherein in the field management step, topdressing and irrigation are the most critical steps, a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer or nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the like are generally applied, and special nutrient fertilizers such as selenium fertilizer and the like are also applied (Yangying, luchancai, high-yield cultivation technology of triticale in Zhongwei region [ J ] agricultural science and technology communication, 2020 (12): 3). Although the yield of the black wheat is effectively increased by using a large amount of the fertilizer, the increase of the protein content is influenced, the yield and the quality are improved, the incoordination is caused, and the good quality of the black wheat is not highlighted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a cultivation method for improving the protein content of triticale and a micro-fertilizer.
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for improving the protein content of triticale, which comprises the following steps:
selecting land, preparing land, selecting seeds, sowing, managing in field and harvesting;
after seed selection or sowing, micro-fertilizer is used for processing;
the formula of the micro-fertilizer is as follows: 135-200mg of brassinolide, 140-300mg of sodium selenite, 500-600mg of sodium edetate and 135-200mg of VB 6 1000g of water.
Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the protein content of triticale, the formula of the micro-fertilizer is as follows: 150mg of brassinolide, 155mg of sodium selenite, 550mg of sodium edetate and 150mg of VB 6 1000g of water.
Preferably, the cultivation method for increasing the protein content of triticale comprises the following steps of selecting seeds and treating with a microelement fertilizer: removing impurities such as broken grains, glumes and the like, and selecting seeds with full grains to be sowed;
one day before sowing, the wheat seeds are subjected to 0.1 percent of HgCl 2 Sterilizing, washing with sterilized sterile water, soaking in the micro-fertilizer for 1-2 hr, and sun drying under ventilation condition.
Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the protein content of the triticale, the triticale grows to 3-4 leaf stage, the micro-fertilizer is used for top dressing, and the application method comprises the following steps: firstly diluting the micro-fertilizer by 100 times, and then spraying 10kg of the micro-fertilizer per mu on the leaf surfaces.
Preferably, in the cultivation method for improving the protein content of the triticale, nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the jointing stage of the triticale, and the nitrogen fertilizer is 10kg per mu.
Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the protein content of the triticale, the triticale grows to a filling stage, and the micro-fertilizer is applied by the following method: firstly diluting the micro-fertilizer by 100 times, and then spraying the micro-fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, wherein 20kg of the micro-fertilizer is sprayed per mu.
Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the protein content of the triticale, the land with the nitrogen content of 0.5-0.6mg/kg is selected for planting the triticale.
Preferably, the cultivation method for improving the protein content of the triticale applies a base fertilizer, 30kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu, and ploughs deeply for 30cm.
Preferably, the cultivation method for increasing the protein content of the triticale comprises the steps of weeding, removing diseases and irrigating in field management.
The invention also provides a micro-fertilizer, which comprises the following formula: 135-200mg of brassinolide, 140-300mg of sodium selenite, 500-600mg of sodium edetate and 135-200mg of VB 6 1000g of water. The micro-fertilizer can obviously improve the stress resistance of the triticale seeds, promote the germination of the triticale seeds and improve the quality of the triticale.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. under drought stress conditions, the content of soluble sugar and MDA is obviously increased, the soluble sugar is used as an osmotic adjusting substance and can reduce the osmotic potential of cells so as to maintain the turgor of the cells, the MDA is one of lipid peroxidation products, and the accumulation of the MDA is the expression of the toxic action of active oxygen, so the increase of the soluble sugar and the MDA means that the stress resistance of the black wheat is poor. The experimental results show that the brassinolide, the sodium selenite, the sodium ethylene diamine tetracetate and the VB are treated 6 The triticale seeds treated by the micro-fertilizer consisting of water have better stress resistance; wherein brassinolide has growth hormone effect, sodium selenite is used for supplementing selenium for triticale, sodium edetate has chelating effect, and VB 6 Promoting growth of black wheat, and brassinolide, sodium selenite, sodium edetate, and VB 6 After the substances are combined for use, the stress resistance of the triticale seeds can be obviously improved, and the combination of the substances can also promote the germination rate of the triticale seeds.
2. After the topdressing treatment by the method, the protein content and the anthocyanin content of mature triticale grains are increased, and the yield is increased by high-nitrogen fertilization amount, but the protein content and the anthocyanin content are slightly low, so that the quality of the triticale is slightly influenced. The method shows that the effect of topdressing on the growth of the triticale is also large in different periods, and the fertilizing time and the fertilizing amount should be reasonably controlled in the cultivation process of the triticale so as to achieve the effect of improving the quality of the triticale.
3. The method has high feasibility and can be popularized and used as a large-area black wheat planting method.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
In the description of the present invention, reagents used are commercially available and methods used are conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified.
1 Experimental seed Material
The variety No. 1 winter black is adopted.
2 Fertilizer
2.1 nitrogen fertilizer: urea, nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15, shandong Kemeisi chemical trade Co., ltd., australian nongfeng).
2.1 formula of the micro-fertilizer: 150mg of brassinolide, 155mg of sodium selenite, 550mg of sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 150mg of VB 6 1000g of water, and mixing the components uniformly.
3 cultivation method
3.1 choosing the land
Selecting land with nitrogen content of 0.5-0.6mg/kg for planting triticale.
3.2 preparation of soil
And applying a base fertilizer, wherein 30kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu is subjected to deep ploughing for 30cm, the fertilizer can permeate into deeper soil by the deep ploughing, the requirements of germination of triticale seeds and growth of root systems are met, and the root systems are important plant parts for absorbing nutrition and moisture.
3.3 seed selection and treatment
And (3) removing impurities such as broken grains and glumes of the No. 1 winter black variety, and selecting seeds with full grains for sowing. The plump seeds have sufficient nutrition and are easy to germinate and survive after being sown.
One day before sowing, the wheat seeds are subjected to 0.1 percent of HgCl 2 Sterilizing for 5 min, washing with sterilized sterile water for 2 times, soaking in 2.1% trace element fertilizer for 1 hr, and drying in the air. In this step, a littleThe influence in the fertilizer enters the seeds, the activity of enzymes and the like in the seeds is stimulated, the emergence rate and the survival rate of the seeds are improved, the germination and root growth of the seeds are promoted, the stress resistance of the seeds is improved, and the vernalization step is replaced.
3.4 sowing
And finishing sowing in 5 days in 10 months, wherein the sowing quantity is set to be 10kg of 3.3 treated triticale seeds per mu. The sowing depth was set to 4cm.
3.4 field management
Weeding and removing diseases: the herbicide is used for timely weeding and removing diseases.
Primary topdressing: and (3) when the triticale grows to 3-4 leaf stages, 2.1 micro-fertilizers are used, at the moment, the micro-fertilizers are diluted by 100 times and then sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and 10kg of micro-fertilizers are sprayed per mu.
Secondary topdressing: in the jointing stage of the wheat, 10kg of urea is applied per mu to promote the growth of the triticale.
And (3) top dressing at the last time: the triticale grows to a filling stage, 2.1 micro-fertilizers are used, at the moment, the micro-fertilizers are diluted by 100 times and then sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and 20kg of micro-fertilizers are sprayed per mu.
3.5 harvesting
And harvesting triticale grains after the wheat is mature.
4 design of the experiment
The influence of different fertilizing modes on the quality of the triticale is researched, the specific experimental design is shown in table 1, in the experimental groups, except for the difference between a fertilizing method and a seed treatment method, the rest cultivation steps refer to the methods 1-4, it is to be noted that the steps 1-4 are all detailed in the treatment method, but in the experiment, some steps of some groups are omitted, and the specific difference refers to table 1.
Table 1 design of the experimental protocol
4.1 Effect of seed treatment on the stress resistance of triticale seeds
The method of the blank control and the seed treatment group in the table 1 is adopted to treat the triticale seeds respectively, and the treated triticale seeds are tested for germination rate, and the specific method is as follows: the blank control and seed treatment groups were obtained from triticale seeds at 0.1% by weight 2 Sterilizing for 10min, rinsing, swelling at 26 deg.C for 12 hr, sowing in a covered white disk with 6 layers of wet filter paper, 200-300 granules per disk, and germinating in dark at 26 deg.C for 3 days. The final germination rate of the blank control group was 88.4%, and the germination rate of the seed-treated group was 96.7%.
And continuously culturing the germinated plantlets, and dividing the plantlets of the blank control group and the plantlets of the seed treatment group into a drought stress group and a normal water group respectively, wherein the drought stress group is irrigated for 2 days by using a PEG solution with the mass fraction of 15%, the normal water group is irrigated for 2 days by using distilled water, and then the plantlets are recovered and cultured for 7 days at 26 ℃, and the illumination/darkness is 12h/12h. And observing the growth condition of the wheat in each group. The results show that seeds of the blank control group in Table 1 have MDA content of 0.12. Mu. Mol/L and soluble sugar of 20.41mmol/L in the drought stress group treatment mode, and have MDA content of 0.07. Mu. Mol/L and soluble sugar of 2.34mmol/L in the normal water group treatment mode; in the seed treatment group of Table 1, the MDA content was 0.09. Mu. Mol/L and the soluble sugar content was 5.66mmol/L in the drought stress group treatment mode, and the MDA content was 0.07. Mu. Mol/L and the soluble sugar content was 2.41mmol/L in the normal water group treatment mode.
Under drought stress conditions, the content of soluble sugar and MDA is obviously increased, the soluble sugar is used as an osmotic adjusting substance and can reduce the osmotic potential of cells so as to maintain the turgor pressure of the cells, the MDA is one of lipid peroxidation products, the accumulation of the lipid peroxidation products is the expression of active oxygen toxic action, and therefore, the increase of the soluble sugar and the MDA means that the stress resistance of the black wheat is poor. The experimental results show that the triticale seeds treated by the 2.1 micro-fertilizer have better stress resistance.
4.2 Effect of seed treatment on the quality of triticale
The triticale is cultivated according to the fertilization method in the table 1, triticale grains are harvested after the triticale is mature, the protein and anthocyanin in the triticale grains and the yield per mu of the triticale are tested, and two years of experiments are continuously carried out, wherein the results are shown in tables 2-3, and the results in tables 2-3 show that after the topdressing treatment by the method disclosed by the invention, the protein content and the anthocyanin content of the mature triticale grains are increased, and the yield is increased by high-nitrogen fertilization amount, but the protein and anthocyanin content are slightly low, so that the quality of the triticale is slightly influenced.
TABLE 2 quality test results of triticale in the first year
| Protein content (g/100 g) | Anthocyanin content (nmol/g) | Mu yield (kg) | |
| Blank control | 11.44 | 8.12 | 295.20 |
| Seed treatment group | 13.24 | 12.01 | 316.45 |
| First time top dressing group | 16.94 | 18.63 | 330.99 |
| Secondary top application | 15.10 | 19.63 | 334.85 |
| Last additional fertilizer | 16.99 | 21.15 | 336.47 |
| Low nitrogen fertilizer group | 19.84 | 35.62 | 355.14 |
| High nitrogen fertilizer group | 14.65 | 28.41 | 361.02 |
TABLE 3 quality test results of triticale in the second year
| Protein content (g/1)00g) | Anthocyanin content (nmol/g) | Mu yield (kg) | |
| Blank control | 10.23 | 9.30 | 287.23 |
| Seed treatment group | 12.79 | 13.94 | 310.24 |
| First time top dressing group | 16.01 | 18.77 | 335.14 |
| Secondary top application | 14.50 | 20.45 | 340.12 |
| Last additional fertilizer | 17.14 | 22.76 | 341.74 |
| Low nitrogen fertilizer group | 20.88 | 34.52 | 357.48 |
| High nitrogen fertilizer group | 14.13 | 26.66 | 365.07 |
It should be noted that, when the present invention relates to a numerical range, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints can be selected, and since the steps and methods adopted are the same as those in the embodiment, in order to prevent redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment. While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method for increasing the protein content of triticale is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting land, preparing land, selecting seeds, sowing, managing in field and harvesting;
after seed selection or sowing, micro-fertilizer is used for processing;
the formula of the micro-fertilizer is as follows: 135-200mg brassinolide, 140-300mg sodium selenite, 500-600mg sodium edetate, 135-200mg VB 6 1000g of water.
2. The cultivation method for increasing the protein content of triticale according to claim 1, wherein the formula of the microelement fertilizer is as follows: 150mg of brassinolide, 155mg of sodium selenite, 550mg of sodium edetate and 150mg of VB 6 1000g of water.
3. The cultivation method for increasing the protein content of triticale according to claim 2, wherein the method for treating the seeds with the trace element fertilizer comprises the following steps: removing impurities, and selecting plump seeds to be sowed;
one day before sowing, the wheat seeds are subjected to 0.1% HgCl 2 Sterilizing, washing with sterilized sterile water, soaking in the micro-fertilizer for 1-2 hr, and sun drying under ventilation condition.
4. The cultivation method for increasing the protein content of the triticale according to claim 3, wherein the triticale grows to 3-4 leaf stage, and the micro-fertilizer is used for top dressing, and the application method comprises the following steps: firstly diluting the micro-fertilizer by 100 times, and then spraying 10kg of the micro-fertilizer per mu on the leaf surfaces.
5. The cultivation method for increasing the protein content of triticale as claimed in claim 4, wherein nitrogen fertilizer is applied at 10 kg/mu in the wheat jointing stage.
6. The cultivation method for increasing the protein content of triticale according to claim 5, wherein triticale grows to a filling stage, and the micro-fertilizer is applied by the following method: firstly diluting the micro-fertilizer by 100 times, and then spraying the micro-fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, wherein 20kg of the micro-fertilizer is sprayed per mu.
7. A cultivation method for increasing the protein content of triticale as claimed in any one of claims 2-6, wherein the land with nitrogen content of 0.5-0.6mg/kg is selected for triticale cultivation.
8. The cultivation method for increasing the protein content of triticale according to claim 7, wherein the method for soil preparation is as follows: applying base fertilizer, 30kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu, and deeply ploughing for 30cm.
9. The cultivation method for increasing the protein content of triticale as claimed in claim 7, wherein field management includes the steps of weeding, removing disease and irrigating.
10. A micro-fertilizer of the formulation of claim 1.
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