CN115475620B - 一种甲烷多重整催化剂的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种甲烷多重整催化剂的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 244000275012 Sesbania cannabina Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
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- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种甲烷多重整催化剂的制备方法及其应用，催化剂具体制备方法是将硝酸镁、硝酸钙溶于水中得到混合盐溶液，然后将混合盐溶液加入到含有α‑氧化铝、拟薄水铝石、氧化钙、聚乙二醇、田菁粉的混合固体粉末中，通过混捏、挤条成型、干燥、高温焙烧等过程制备得到成型的载体，最后，采用浸渍法将化学计量的硝酸镍、硝酸镁负载在载体上，经过干燥、焙烧制备得到催化剂。本发明得到的催化剂具有高金属分散、高比表面和高抗压强度，该催化剂应用于甲烷催化部分氧化耦合蒸气重整反应，具有高催化活性和高稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂制备技术领域，具体涉及一种甲烷多重整催化剂的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
天然气主要成分是甲烷，甲烷重整在工业上主要用来生产合成气和/或氢气，常见的甲烷转化技术路线有甲烷水蒸气重整、甲烷部分氧化、甲烷二氧化碳重整、以及近些年提出的甲烷自热重整。甲烷蒸气重整技术路线比较成熟，已工业化应用多年，在高温条件下，甲烷蒸气重整使用的镍基催化剂容易产生积碳，从而导致催化剂失活，工业上常采用高水碳比条件，来消除积炭，但是，较高水碳比会增加能耗，增加工业生产成本。二氧化碳重整是以甲烷和二氧化碳为原料，将温室气体进行了有效利用，但该反应属于强吸热反应，反应热为247kJ/mol，需要吸收的热量比水蒸气重整还高，工艺过程能耗过高，且反应过程中催化剂易结焦，稳定性差。甲烷部分氧化反应属于温和的放热反应，具有能耗低、反应迅速等优点，但反应过程中容易产生热点，造成催化剂烧结或积碳失活。
甲烷自热重整反应(多重整方式)耦合了甲烷部分氧化和甲烷水蒸气重整反应，将甲烷部分氧化的放热量用于甲烷水蒸气重整反应，同时解决了甲烷蒸气重整的高能耗问题和部分氧化的热点问题，反应热量利用率高，可降低体系能耗，降低合成气生产成本，是一种节能高效的重整技术，具有良好的工业应用前景。
目前，研究高活性、高稳定性催化剂已成为甲烷多重整领域的重要研究方向。甲烷重整方向的催化剂主要有贵金属催化剂和过渡金属催化剂，前者价格昂贵，不利于大规模生产应用，后者过渡金属催化剂中镍基催化剂反应活性较好，但在反应中容易积碳、催化稳定性较差。为改善过渡金属催化剂性能，研究者主要从催化剂的制备方法进行着手改进。专利CN105521785B公开了一种超声微乳法制备得到Ni/ZrO2催化剂；专利CN106311250A在超声和搅拌条件下，采用沉淀法制备得到铈锆固溶体，然后引入活性金属镍元素，得到镍基催化剂；专利CN110898839A在负载有镍盐的催化剂前驱体的表面涂覆一层氧化物涂层前驱体，经干燥、焙烧、还原制备得到一种负载型抗积碳镍基催化剂；专利CN105498852B将铝盐水溶液在碱性条件下与沉淀剂接触，采用溶胶凝胶法制备得到Mg-Al2O3载体，然后通过超声辅助制备的Ni/Mg-Al2O3催化剂。上述所述的各种催化剂的改进制备方法工艺较为复杂，制备成本较高，对于工业应用有一定限制。
因此，为了方便工业化应用，需要研究开发制备工艺简单的高活性、高稳定性的甲烷多重整催化剂的制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的为克服现有技术中存在的问题，提供一种甲烷多重整催化剂的制备方法及其应用。本发明方法通过调控助剂配比，采用两次引入助剂的方式，制备得到高金属分散、高比表面和高抗压强度的镍基催化剂，该催化剂应用于甲烷催化部分氧化耦合蒸气重整反应，具有高催化活性和高稳定性。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种甲烷多重整催化剂的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
S1：将可硝酸镁、硝酸钙溶于水中得到混合盐溶液，然后将混合盐溶液加入到含有α-氧化铝、拟薄水铝石、氧化钙、聚乙二醇、田菁粉的混合固体粉末中，通过混捏、挤条成型、干燥、焙烧等过程制备得到成型的载体Sup-X；
S2:按照化学计量将硝酸镍和硝酸镁混合溶解，配制成浸渍溶液，加入到步骤S1所述的载体Sup-X中，然后进行旋蒸、干燥得到催化剂前驱物，将催化剂前驱物放置在高温炉中焙烧，得到甲烷多重整催化剂Cat-Y；
上述所述的步骤S1中硝酸镁与步骤S2中硝酸镁的质量比为(0.5～5):1。
优选地，所述的步骤S1中硝酸镁与步骤S2中硝酸镁的质量比为(1～3):1。
优选地，所述的催化剂中助剂镁元素总含量为0.75～3wt％，优选为1～3wt％。
上述所述的步骤S1中拟薄水铝石占所述α-氧化铝质量的2～10wt％；聚乙二醇占所述α-氧化铝粉末质量的0.5～5wt％；田菁粉占所述α-氧化铝粉末质量的0.5～5wt％。
优选地，所述的步骤S1中制备得到的载体中钙元素含量为2～8wt％，其中加入的可溶性钙盐/氧化钙质量比为(0.25～3):1。
其中，步骤S1中采用硝酸钙和氧化钙两种钙盐，硝酸根能够很好的溶解α-氧化铝粉末，增强钙、铝结合能力，改善载体织构性能，当硝酸钙加入量过多时，成型工艺过程较难。
优选地，步骤S1中的焙烧温度为1000～1400℃，焙烧时间为1～12h，优选焙烧温度为1000～1300℃，焙烧时间为2～8h。
优选地，所述的步骤S2中旋蒸条件为：旋蒸温度60～100℃，旋蒸时间0.5～2h；干燥条件为：干燥温度80～120℃，干燥时间3～15h；焙烧条件为：焙烧温度500～700℃，焙烧时间2～8h。
优选地，上述所述的催化剂中镍元素含量为2～10wt％，优选镍元素含量为5～8wt％。
优选地，上述所述方法制备得到的催化剂比表面积为8～13m2/g。
一种甲烷多重整催化剂的应用，由上述所述制备方法得到的催化剂应用于甲烷催化部分氧化耦合蒸气重整反应，具有高催化活性和高稳定性。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明通过使用不同种类的铝源、钙源，以及引入镁进行载体制备，获得了改性α-Al2O3，为催化剂的制备提供了高比表面积、高强度的载体。
(2)本发明通过两次加入镁助剂，第一次加入镁对载体进行了改性，从而改变了活性金属与载体之间的相互作用，使活性金属能够稳定在载体表面，高温下减小金属粒子向载体体相的迁移，同时防止催化剂制备和应用过程中产生无活性的镍铝尖晶石；第二次加入镁，促进了活性金属粒子的分散，降低了甲烷裂解及CO歧化的反应活性，提高了催化剂的催化活性和抗结焦性能，增加了催化剂稳定性能。
(3)本发明的甲烷多重整催化剂制备方法简单易操作，反应条件容易控制，原料价廉易得，制备成本低，具备良好的工业应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明中催化剂活性稳定性示例；
图2为本发明中催化剂的XRD图谱。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例来对本发明进行进一步说明，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种Ni-Mg/Ca-Mg-Al2O3多重整催化剂制备过程：
(1)称量0.76g硝酸镁和3g硝酸钙溶于去离子水中，搅拌均匀得到混合盐溶液；然后将混合盐溶液滴加到由50gα-氧化铝、5g拟薄水铝石、1g田菁粉、1g聚乙二醇和2g氧化钙粉末组成的混合固体粉末中，进行混捏、挤条、在80～120℃条件下干燥3～15h；然后在1200℃条件下焙烧6h，得到载体Sup-01。
(2)称取14.87g六水硝酸镍和1.53g硝酸镁溶于去离子水中，充分溶解后滴加到50g Sup-01载体上浸渍，在水浴80℃条件下旋蒸0.5～2h，待催化剂表面无明显水分，转移至干燥箱中进行干燥，在80～120℃温度下干燥时间3～15h，然后在550℃条件下焙烧4h得到催化剂Cat-01。
实施例2
本实施例催化剂制备条件与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于步骤(1)中硝酸镁与步骤(2)中硝酸镁的质量比为1:1，步骤(1)中硝酸镁为1.53g，总的镁含量为1wt％，得到的催化剂记为Cat-02。
实施例3
本实施例催化剂制备条件与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于步骤(1)中硝酸镁与步骤(2)中硝酸镁的质量比为3:1，步骤(1)中硝酸镁为4.58g，总的镁含量为2wt％，得到的催化剂记为Cat-03。
实施例4
本实施例催化剂制备条件与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于步骤(1)中硝酸镁与步骤(2)中硝酸镁的质量比为5:1，步骤(1)中硝酸镁为7.63g，总的镁含量为3wt％，得到的催化剂记为Cat-04。
实施例5
本实施例催化剂制备条件与实施例3基本相同，总的镁元素含量也与实施例3相同，为2wt％，不同之处在于步骤(1)中硝酸镁与步骤(2)中硝酸镁的质量比为1:1，得到的催化剂记为Cat-05。
实施例6
本实施例催化剂制备条件与实施例3基本相同，总的镁元素含量也与实施例3相同，为2wt％，不同之处在于步骤(1)中硝酸镁与步骤(2)中硝酸镁的质量比为0.5:1，得到的催化剂记为Cat-06。
实施例7
本实施例催化剂制备条件与实施例6基本相同，不同之处在于镍元素含量为5wt％，步骤(2)中加入的六水硝酸镍为12.39g，得到的催化剂记为Cat-07。
实施例8
本实施例催化剂制备条件与实施例6基本相同，不同之处在于镍元素含量为8wt％，步骤(2)中加入的六水硝酸镍为19.83g，得到的催化剂记为Cat-08。
对比例1
对比例同实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于步骤(1)中硝酸镁与步骤(2)中硝酸镁的质量比为6:1，步骤(1)中硝酸镁为9.15g，总的镁含量为3.5wt％。
对比例2
以商业α-Al2O3载体为载体，称取14.87g六水硝酸镍溶于去离子水中，充分搅拌溶解后滴加至50g商业α-Al2O3样品上浸渍，在水浴80℃条件下旋蒸0.5～2h，待催化剂表面无明显水份，转移至干燥箱中进行干燥，在80～120℃温度下干燥时间3～15h，得到催化剂前驱物。然后在550℃条件下焙烧4h得到催化剂6％Ni/α-Al2O3。
测试例1
将实施例和对比例制得的催化剂用于甲烷催化部分氧化耦合蒸气重整反应，测试催化性能，进料原料为甲烷、空气、水，其中甲烷空速为8000h-1，水碳比为0.3，氧碳比为0.55，在750℃条件下进行催化剂性能测试实验，在12h内的反应结果见表1。对催化剂Cat-05和对比例2进行长周期稳定性试验，测试结果见图1。
其中，Cat-03和对比例2催化剂6％Ni/α-Al2O3测试的XRD谱图如图2所示，在浸渍相同活性金属基础上，Cat-03催化剂上活性金属镍分散度较高，检测到的NiO特征峰明显弱于6％Ni/α-Al2O3催化剂。
表1催化剂制备参数与性能参数
由表1测试结果和图2表征结果可以看出，本发明得到的催化剂具有高金属分散、高比表面和高抗压强度。由图1的实施例和对比例测试稳定性测试结果可以看出，本发明得到的催化剂用于甲烷催化部分氧化耦合蒸气重整反应，比商业载体制备得到催化剂(对比例2)具有更高的催化活性和催化稳定性。
对于本发明，尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (9)
1.一种甲烷多重整催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
S1：将硝酸镁、硝酸钙溶于水中得到混合盐溶液，然后将混合盐溶液加入到含有α-氧化铝、拟薄水铝石、氧化钙、聚乙二醇、田菁粉的混合固体粉末中，通过混捏、挤条成型、干燥、焙烧过程制备得到成型的载体Sup-X；
S2：按照化学计量将硝酸镍和硝酸镁混合溶解，配制成浸渍溶液，加入到步骤S1所述的载体Sup-X中，然后进行旋蒸、干燥得到催化剂前驱物，将催化剂前驱物放置在高温炉中焙烧，得到甲烷多重整催化剂Cat-Y；
其中，所述步骤S1中硝酸镁与步骤S2中硝酸镁的质量比为(0.5～5):1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种甲烷多重整催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤S1中硝酸镁与步骤S2中硝酸镁的质量比为(1～3):1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种甲烷多重整催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的催化剂中助剂镁元素总含量为0.75～3wt％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种甲烷多重整催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤S1中钙元素含量为2～8wt％，其中加入的硝酸钙/氧化钙质量比为(0.25～3):1。
5.根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的一种甲烷多重整催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤S1中焙烧温度为1000～1400℃，焙烧时间为1～12h。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种甲烷多重整催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤S2中旋蒸温度为60～100℃，旋蒸时间为0.5～2h，干燥温度为80～120℃，干燥时间为3～15h，焙烧温度为500～700℃，焙烧时间为2～8h。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种甲烷多重整催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述催化剂中镍元素的含量为2～10wt％。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种甲烷多重整催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的甲烷多重整催化剂的比表面积为8～13m2/g。
9.一种甲烷多重整催化剂的应用，其特征在于，由权利要求1-8任一项所述制备方法得到的催化剂应用于甲烷催化部分氧化耦合蒸气重整反应。
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