CN1154653C - 肽及其制备方法 - Google Patents

肽及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1154653C
CN1154653C CNB961951532A CN96195153A CN1154653C CN 1154653 C CN1154653 C CN 1154653C CN B961951532 A CNB961951532 A CN B961951532A CN 96195153 A CN96195153 A CN 96195153A CN 1154653 C CN1154653 C CN 1154653C
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V·I·戴金
�Ʒ�
A·M·克罗特科夫
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Abstract

本发明涉及医学，特别是涉及获得具有免疫调节性质并可应用于医学、兽医学和实验生物化学中的生物活性物质的方法。本发明所说明的问题是产生一种式X-A-D-Trp-Y的具有免疫调节性质新型合成生物活性肽，在上式中A代表D-Glu、iD-Glu；X代表H或Gly、Ala、Leu、Ile、Val、NVal、Pro、Tyr、Phe、Trp、D-Ala、D-Leu、D-Ile、D-Val、D-NVal、D-Pro、D-Tyr、D-Phe、D-Trp、γ-氨基丁酸、ζ-氨基己酸；Y代表Gly、Ala、Leu、Ile、Val、NVal、Pro、Tyr、Phe、Trp、D-Ala、D-Leu、D-Ile、D-Val、D-NVal、D-Pro、D-Tyr、D-Phe、D-Trp、γ-氨基丁酸、ζ-氨基己酸、-OH或取代的酰胺(C1-C3)。产生所说的肽的方法涉及通过用合适的D-Trp-Y的钾盐切割叔丁氧羰基谷氨酸(D或L)内酸酐在溶液中合成含谷氨酰基的肽。之后，对α-、γ-异构体进行了层析分离。利用叔丁氧羰基谷氨酸的活化酯类构建肽链，完成了进一步的合成。

Description

肽及其制备方法
                          发明领域
本发明涉及医学，即涉及制备具有免疫调节性质并可应用于医学、兽医学和实验生物化学中的生物活性物质的方法。
                          现有技术
本领域的大量研究结果证明了开发新型无害免疫调节肽的重要性。这种肽的应用将阻止在免疫缺陷背景下发生诸如恶性肿瘤、脓毒、慢性及潜伏感染等的发病率的增长。
最常见的分离新肽的方法包括从组织抽提物中分离活性肽组分，分级分离和纯化，包括对个别物质的分离与鉴定(SU N1600047，SU N1638849，SU N1737798)。在实用医学中，胸腺抽提物被普遍认为是免疫过程的调节因子，例如，胸腺素组分5(Goldstein，A.L.，Guna A.，Latz M.M.，HardyH.A.，White A.)thyamalin(CH，N 6595 86)。抽提物含有具多肽本质的物质，方法的复杂性、活性物质的低产量以及其物理、化学和生物特性的显著改变，使从天然原材料生产这些产品受到限制。另外，压载(ballast)成分在天然胸腺制剂中的存在会引发负面效应。后者成为产生合成肽的刺激物。迄今为止，多种免疫调节肽已经合成：PCT/WO 089/06134，SU N 1541821，SU N1518956，EP N 230052，EP N 406931，US N5021551，US N5013723。每种合成肽具有必要性质的有限组合，是高活性、低毒性、无副作用的，因此可应用于医学中。
                        发明描述
本发明的目的是合成一种具有免疫调节作用和具有下式的新型生物活性肽：
                           X-A-D-Trp-Y其中A代表D-Glu、iD-Glu；X代表H或Gly、Ala、Leu、Ile、Val、NVal、Pro、Tyr、Phe、Trp、D-Ala、D-Leu、D-Ile、D-Val、D-NVal、D-Pro、D-Tyr、D-Phe、D-Trp、γ-氨基丁酸、ζ-氨基己酸；Y代表Gly、Ala、Leu、Ile、Val、NVal、Pro、Tyr、Phe、Trp、D-Ala、D-Ile、D-Val、D-NVal、D-Pro、D-Tyr、D-Phe、D-Trp、γ-氨基丁酸、ζ-氨基己酸、-OH或取代的酰胺(C1-C3)。
一种式I的肽：
                   X-A-D-色氨酸-Y      (I)其中X选自氢或甘氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、N-缬氨酸、脯氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、D-丙氨酸、D-亮氨酸、D-异亮氨酸、D-缬氨酸、D-N-缬氨酸、D-脯氨酸、D-酪氨酸、D-苯丙氨酸、D-色氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、ζ-氨基己酸；A选自D-谷氨酸、iD-谷氨酸；Y选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、N-缬氨酸、脯氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、D-丙氨酸、D-亮氨酸、D-异亮氨酸、D-缬氨酸、D-N-缬氨酸、D-脯氨酸、D-酪氨酸、D-苯丙氨酸、D-色氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、ζ-氨基己酸、羟基或C1-C3取代的酰胺。
特另是，序列为H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH和H-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH的肽。
本发明还涉及一种药物组合物，该组合物包含至少一种上述式I的肽和药物上可接受的载体。
本发明还涉及上述式I的肽在制备用于调节细胞增殖的药物中的用途以及在制备用于免疫调节的药物中的用途，其中所述的细胞增殖是脾细胞增殖，所述的药物是在掺入3H-胸腺嘧啶或加入ConA之前使用的药物。
本发明的另一个目的是开发一种肽合成的新的基本方法。这种方法以最简单的步骤，获得具有以上述及的结构的物质的高产量。这在医药生产中具有决定性意义。
新方法的原理包括通过用各种D-Trp-Y衍生物打开叔丁氧羰基谷氨酰胺(D或L)酸内酸酐在溶液中合成含谷氨酰基的肽。之后，对α-、γ-异构体进行了层析分离。利用叔丁氧羰基氨基酸的活化醚类构建肽链，完成了进一步的合成。
表1显示了一系列新肽类似物的Rf1(氯仿-甲醇-32％乙酸＝60∶45∶20)和Rf2(丁醇-吡啶-水-乙酸＝5∶5∶4∶1)值。
                      表1
           肽     Rn     Rf2
 Abu-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.32     0.53
 Abu-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.29     0.49
 Aca-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.31     0.52
 Aca-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.28     0 49
 Ala-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.34     0.61
 Ala-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.32     0.55
           肽     Rf1     Rf2
 D-Ala-D-Glu-D-Trp-D-Ala     0.22     0.41
 D-Ala-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.26     0.51
 D-Ala-iD-Glu-D-Trp-D-Ala     0.25     0.50
 D-Ala-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.25     0.51
 D-Ile-D-Glu-D-Trp-D-Leu     0.35     0.53
 D-Ile-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.36     0.54
 D-Ile-iD-Glu-D-Trp-D-Leu     0.34     0.53
 D-Ile-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.27     0.52
 D-Leu-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.36     0.53
 D-Leu-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.35     0.52
 D-NVal-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.33     0.51
 D-NVal-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.32     0.51
 D-Phe-D-Glu-D-Trp-Ala     0.37     0.56
 D-Phe-iD-Glu-D-Trp-Ala     0.36     0.55
 D-Pro-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.38     0.58
 D-Pro-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.37     0.58
 D-Trp-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.41     0.59
 D-Trp-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.40     0.59
 D-Tyr-D-Glu-D-Trp-D-Tyr     0.39     0.58
 D-Tyr-iD-Glu-D-Trp-D-Tyr     0.38     0.58
 D-Val-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.34     0.51
 D-Val-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.33     0.50
 Gly-D-Glu-D-Trp-NVal     0.29     0.51
 Gly-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.30     0.54
 Gly-iD-Glu-D-Trp-NVal     0.32     0.53
 Gly-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.29     0.53
 H-D-Glu-D-Trp-Abu     0.33     0.52
 H-D-Glu-D-Trp-Aca     0.30     0.53
 H-D-Glu-D-Trp-D-Ile     0.35     0.58
 H-D-Glu-D-Trp-D-Pro     0.37     0.61
 H-D-Glu-D-Trp-Gly     0.29     0.54
 H-D-Glu-D-Trp-Ile     0.36     0.58
 H-D-Glu-D-Trp-Leu     0.36     0.59
 H-D-Glu-D-Trp-Lys     0.28     0.47
 H-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.36     0.56
 H-D-Glu-D-Trp-Phe     0.39     0.61
            肽     Rf1     Rf2
 H-D-Glu-D-Trp-Pro     0.36     0.59
 H-D-Glu-D-Trp-Tyr     0.37     0.58
 H-D-Glu-D-Trp-Val     0.38     0.61
 H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-Abu     0.34     0.51
 H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-Aca     0.33     0.50
 H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-D-Ile     0.34     0.55
 H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-D-Pro     0.36     0.58
 H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-Gly     0.28     0.52
 H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-Ile     0.34     0.57
 H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-Leu     0.35     0.58
 H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-Lys     0.27     0.45
 H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.30     0.52
 H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-Phe     0.38     0.61
 H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-Pro     0.37     0.60
 H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-Tyr     0.35     0.58
 H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-Val     0.36     0.60
 Ile-D-Glu-D-Trp-D-Phe     0.42     0.68
 Ile-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.38     0.56
 Ile-iD-Glu-D-Trp-D-Phe     0.40     0.67
 Ile-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.37     0.55
 Leu-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.35     0.62
 Leu-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.27     0.57
 NVal-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.35     0.61
 NVal-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.34     0.60
 Phe-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.41     0.63
 Phe-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.40     0.62
 Pro-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.43     0.63
 Pro-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.42     0.62
 Trp-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.45     0.68
 Trp-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.44     0.67
 Tyr-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.42     0.64
 Tyr-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.41     0.63
 Val-D-Glu-D-Trp-D-Val     0.46     0.68
 Val-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.33     0.50
 Val-iD-Glu-D-Trp-D-Val     0.44     0.66
 Val-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH     0.34     0.52
                         发明的优选的实施方案
下列实施例用以说明本发明。
实施例，H-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH和H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH
1.Boc-D-Glu-OH的制备
将14.7g(0.1M)H-D-Glu-OH溶于200ml蒸馏水，用1M KOH将pH调至10.2。加入在二噁烷中的BOC2 33.0g(0.3M)，充分混合。用pH-stat监测pH值。反应完成时，将混合物转移至分液漏斗，用3×150ml乙酸乙酯从碱性介质中抽提，将0.2％硫酸溶液缓慢加入到水相中调pH至3.0，将Boc-D-Glu-OH抽提进有机相(3×200ml)。有机层用3×200mlNa2SO4饱和溶液洗至中性，在硫酸钠上干燥，然后真空下蒸发至油状。产量：16.7g(68％)。
2.Boc-D-Glu-Trp-OH和Boc-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH混合物的制备
将16.7g(0.068M)Boc-D-Glu-OH溶于200ml二甲基甲酰胺，冷却至0℃，将N，N′-二环己基碳化二亚胺20.6g(0.1M)溶于100ml二甲基甲酰胺中的溶液加入到此溶液中，边加边搅拌。混合物于4℃搅拌4小时，然后室温下放置8小时。过滤分离二环己基碳化二亚胺沉淀，用2×50ml二甲基甲酰胺洗涤。真空条件下蒸发浓缩滤液至1/2体积，冷却至4℃并边强力搅拌边加入24.3g(0.1M)H-D-Trp-OH。使溶液温热至室温。在氨仿∶乙酸乙酯∶甲醇＝6∶3∶1的体系中，由TLC控制反应的完成(表现为Boc-D-Glu酸的内酸酐斑点消失)。过滤分离剩余的二己基脲，真空条件下蒸发二甲基甲酰胺。将200ml乙酸乙酯和200ml0.2％硫酸溶液加到油状剩余物上。分离有机层后，用Na2SO4饱和溶液洗涤至pH中性，在Na2SO4上干燥。真空条件下蒸发乙酸乙酯溶液。得到的油状沉淀是Boc-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH和Boc-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH的混合物。总产量：25.4g(70％)。
3.H-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH和H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH的制备
将25.4g混合物(0.048M)溶于200ml甲酸中，40℃搅拌1小时。真空下蒸发掉溶剂，至稠油状。以梯度0.01-0.2M嘧啶乙酸盐缓冲液用Sephadex柱进行离子交换层析分离和纯化肽。产量：5.7g(35％)H-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH和5.7g(35％)H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH。
发现了肽的下述物理化学特征
基本结构-H-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH和H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH
经验式-C16H20N3O5
分子量-334.35
外观-黄白或灰色粉末
溶解性-易溶于水，中等溶于酒精，不溶于氯仿
紫外光谱-谱范围在250-300nm，最大吸收峰在280±2nm，肩峰在287±2nm。
在Balb/c小鼠中研究了新肽的生物学活性。将小鼠脾细胞于含2ml谷氨酰胺和5％失活的胎儿血清的RPMI1640培养基(可购自Sigmapharmaceuticals)中悬浮后，涂布到平底板上：每孔100mcl(200,000细胞)。所研究的制剂在培养之初加入。使用终浓度为每孔2mcg的刀豆素作为促细胞分裂原。将板于37℃、5％CO2下温育48小时。在温育结束前24小时掺入5mcg/ml剂量的3H-胸腺嘧啶，用闪烁计数器的每分钟计数值(CPM)来评估细胞的增殖情况。结果见表2。
表2
   制    剂                CPMI*
          制剂剂量(mcg/ml)
 1   5   10   20
iD-Glu-D-Trp  68594   63428   20043   13222
环孢菌素A  67649   2698   574   569
对照                   61467
*三次测定的平均值。
发现该新肽抑制脾细胞增殖。
为研究该肽的安全性，我们按照俄罗斯联邦政府药理学委员会的方法推荐书(莫斯科，1985)中的“对新型药用物质的总体毒性作用的临床前研究的要求”进行了急性毒性测定。
根据测定结果，1000倍腹膜内剂量的肽不引起急性毒性反应，以该剂量不可能达到LD50。
                        商业应用
该生物活性肽能够广泛地用于医学和兽医学中。

Claims (10)

1.一种式I的肽：
                 X-A-D-色氨酸-Y         (I)其中X选自氢或甘氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、N-缬氨酸、脯氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、D-丙氨酸、D-亮氨酸、D-异亮氨酸、D-缬氨酸、D-N-缬氨酸、D-脯氨酸、D-酪氨酸、D-苯丙氨酸、D-色氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、ζ-氨基己酸；A选自D-谷氨酸、iD-谷氨酸；Y选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、N-缬氨酸、脯氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、D-丙氨酸、D-亮氨酸、D-异亮氨酸、D-缬氨酸、D-N-缬氨酸、D-脯氨酸、D-酪氨酸、D-苯丙氨酸、D-色氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、ζ-氨基己酸、羟基或C1-C3取代的酰胺。
2.权利要求1所述的式I的肽，其中X是氢或选自下列一组的D-氨基酸；“D-丙氨酸、D-亮氨酸、D-异亮氨酸、D-缬氨酸、D-N-缬氨酸、D-脯氨酸、D-酪氨酸、D-苯丙氨酸、D-色氨酸；Y是选自下列一组的D-氨基酸：D-丙氨酸、D-亮氨酸、D-异亮氨酸、D-缬氨酸、D-N-缬氨酸、D-脯氨酸、D-酪氨酸、D-苯丙氨酸、D-色氨酸或羟基或C1-C3取代的酰胺。
3.权利要求1所述的式I的肽，其中X是氢，A是iD-谷氨酸，Y是羟基或C1-C3取代的酰胺。
4.序列为H-iD-Glu-D-Trp-OH的肽。
5.序列为H-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH的肽。
6.一种药物组合物，该组合物包含至少一种权利要求1所述的式I的肽和药物上可接受的载体。
7.权利要求1所述的肽在制备用于调节细胞增殖的药物中的用途。
8.权利要求1所述的肽在制备用于免疫调节的药物中的用途。
9.权利要求7所述的用途，其中所述的细胞增殖是脾细胞增殖。
10.权利要求7或8所述的用途，其中所述的药物是在掺入3H-胸腺嘧啶或加入ConA之前使用的药物。
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