CN115399197A - Method for propagating broccoli self-incompatible breeder seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

A broccoli self-incompatible stock seed propagation method belongs to the propagation field, in particular to a broccoli propagation method. The method for expanding propagation of the self-incompatible breeder seeds of the broccoli comprises the steps of cultivating strong seedlings, selecting land and preparing land for field planting, fertilizing by water and fertilizer, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, managing the mature period and pollinating; and (3) carrying out pollination by using side branch flower bulbs, when the side branch flower bulbs reach the full-bloom stage, carrying out artificial bud stripping and pollination on the flower buds which do not bloom within 1-3d, bagging, and removing other small flower buds which do not bloom. The expanding propagation method of the invention is superior to the conventional method in the yield, the appearance quality, the germination vigor and the germination rate of seeds, can effectively solve the problem of expanding propagation of the high self-incompatible broccoli stock, saves trouble and labor, is easy to operate, and increases the yield and the quality of the stock expanding propagation.

Description

Method for propagating broccoli self-incompatible breeder seeds

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of propagation, and particularly relates to a method for propagating broccoli.

Background

Broccoli is also called broccoli, broccoli and the like, and is widely cultivated all over the world, and the demand is far higher than that of cauliflower.

In recent years, the cultivation area of broccoli is continuously enlarged, so that the demand of the original seeds is rapidly increased. However, the broccoli belongs to typical cross-pollinated crops, parents are subjected to multi-generation selfing purification, most of the broccoli belong to high self-incompatible lines, seeds cannot be normally harvested due to strict single-plant manual bud peeling and pollination in the bud period, and the seeds cannot be normally harvested due to the fact that the mixed pollen is subjected to manual bud peeling and pollination in the bud period, so that the yield of original seeds is insufficient, and the seed production and propagation work is influenced. The invention effectively solves the problem of propagation of the high self-incompatible broccoli stock.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for propagating a self-incompatible broccoli stock seed, which is easy to operate and increases the propagation yield and quality of the stock seed.

A method for expanding the propagation of the self-incompatible original seeds of broccoli includes such steps as culturing strong seedlings, choosing land, field planting, applying water and fertilizer, preventing and treating diseases and pests, managing the mature period and pollinating, and features that when the side branch ball is used for pollination and reaches the full-bloom stage, the bud which has not yet bloomed but bloomed in 1-3 days is artificially stripped and pollinated and bagged, and the others which have not bloomed but are relatively small are removed.

Preferably, during the management of the maturation period, when the broccoli main branch curd is completely matured, a tool is used for cutting off the main branch curd, and only two curd with the diameter of 0.5-1cm which are farthest away are left;

uniformly mixing 10% kasugamycin wettable powder and 80% mancozeb wettable powder according to the proportion of 1; the prepared solution is evenly smeared on the wounds of leaves and flower bulbs;

after the main branches cut the ball, the length of each 667m ² Shi Sanyuan compound fertilizer 10-15kg, so that the main branch flower ball normally bolting and flowering;

when the main branch flower bulb reaches the end flowering phase, a tool is used for cutting off the main branch and other side branches except the most spherical side branch, and if other side branches grow on the root of the later-stage plant, the other side branches need to be removed in time.

Preferably, the lateral branch pollination is that when the ball flower on the largest lateral branch reaches 10cm, a tool is used for cutting off the ball flower on the lateral branch, and only two ball flowers with the diameter of 0.5cm which are farthest away are remained;

uniformly mixing 10% kasugamycin wettable powder and 80% mancozeb wettable powder according to the proportion of 1; and the prepared solution is evenly smeared at the wounds of the leaves and the flower bulbs;

cutting ball at side branch according to 667m ² Shi Sanyuan compound fertilizer 10-15kg, spraying 2500mg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2000mg/L amino acid mixed solution on the lateral branch curd, spraying once every 3 days, and spraying three times in total to ensure that the lateral branch curd shoots and blooms normally;

when the lateral branch flower ball reaches the full-bloom stage, manually stripping and pollinating buds which do not bloom within 1-3d, removing other small buds which do not bloom, namely sealing the buds, bagging and isolating the buds by using a sulfuric acid paper bag after the manual stripping and pollination are finished to prevent the stigma from being injured by farming activities or the pollination by an insect media, and taking off the bag after bagging for one week to collect seeds after the seeds are mature.

The expanding propagation method of the invention is superior to the conventional method in the yield, the appearance quality, the germination vigor and the germination rate of seeds, can effectively solve the problem of expanding propagation of the high self-incompatible broccoli stock, saves trouble and labor, is easy to operate, and increases the yield and the quality of the stock expanding propagation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a picture of the main branch removed and the largest lateral branch removed.

Fig. 2 is a lateral branch cut ball picture.

FIG. 3 is a photograph of closed pollination during the full-bloom period of lateral branches.

FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the closing and pod-bearing condition of the lateral branch during the full-bloom period.

FIG. 5 is a photograph of pollination without seal tip at the early flowering stage of the main branch.

FIG. 6 is a photograph of pollination without tip sealing in the full-bloom stage of the main branch.

FIG. 7 is a photograph of pollination without seal tip at the end flowering stage of main branch.

FIG. 8 is a photograph of pollinating without tip sealing at the initial flowering stage of lateral shoot.

FIG. 9 is a photograph of pollinating without tip sealing in the full-bloom stage of lateral branches.

FIG. 10 is a photograph of pollinating without tip sealing at the terminal flowering stage of lateral branches.

FIG. 11 is a photograph showing the pod bearing condition of closed tip pollination in the early flowering stage of the main branch.

FIG. 12 is a photograph showing the closed pollination and pod bearing of the main branch in the full-bloom stage.

FIG. 13 is a photograph showing the pod bearing condition of pollination without tip sealing in the full-bloom stage of the main branch.

FIG. 14 is a photograph showing the podding of the closed tip pollination in the early flowering stage of lateral shoot.

FIG. 15 is a photograph showing the apical pollination and pod bearing at the terminal flowering stage of lateral shoot.

FIG. 16 is a photograph showing two small flower balls left after the main branch flower ball ripens and cuts the ball.

Detailed Description

Example 1: the self-incompatible breeder seed propagation method for broccoli comprises the following steps:

(1) Culturing strong seedlings:

seedling by using 98-hole or 105-hole plug soilless substrate, wherein the substrate is humus soil and pearl rocks according to the weight ratio of 3:1, adding 5kg of biological organic fertilizer, 2kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 2kg of soluble ternary compound fertilizer into each cubic meter of substrate, uniformly stirring, and composting for 5-7 days for later use;

sowing 1 seed in each hole tray, wherein the sowing depth is 0.5-0.8cm, and after sowing, watering thoroughly and covering with a sunshade net;

removing the sunshade net after seedling emergence, raising seedlings in the shed to increase illumination as much as possible, managing seedbeds in a dry and wet state, and applying 300 times of ternary compound fertilizer solution once in the 1 st main leaf stage;

the seedling age is controlled to be 25-28 days.

(2) Selecting land:

and selecting a plot which has good ventilation and illumination, is rich in organic matters, has loose soil and can be drained and irrigated. Continuous cropping is avoided, and planting in areas with serious root disease damage is avoided as much as possible.

(3) Land preparation and field planting:

parent propagation expanding planting is carried out according to each 667m ² 300kg of bio-organic fertilizer, 50kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer and 2kg of borax are applied for planting;

digging soil moisture according to 1m, wherein the width of the ridge surface is 70cm, the furrow width is 30cm, the ridge surface is 20-30cm high, and high ridge cultivation is needed in rainy areas;

one day before planting, the seedlings are watered once with acute degree, namely 10 percent chlorantraniliprole and 20 percent thiamethoxam 800 times liquid;

planting in single row, planting in 50cm, covering with silver black double color film, and planting in area with high weed damage.

(4) Management of the mature period:

when the broccoli main branch flower bulbs are completely mature, cutting off the main branch flower bulbs by using a tool, and only leaving two flower bulbs with the farthest diameters of 0.5-1 cm;

uniformly mixing the 10% kasugamycin wettable powder and the 80% mancozeb wettable powder according to a ratio of 1; the prepared solution is evenly smeared on the wounds of leaves and flower bulbs;

after the main branches cut the ball, the length of each 667m ² Shi Sanyuan compound fertilizer 10-15kg, so that the main branch flower ball normally bolting and flowering;

when the main branch flower ball reaches the end flowering period, a tool is used for cutting off the main branch and other lateral branches except the most spherical lateral branch, and if other lateral branches grow on the root of the later-stage plant, the other lateral branches need to be removed in time;

(5) And (3) side branch pollination management:

when the flower ball on the largest lateral branch reaches 10cm, cutting off the flower ball on the lateral branch by using a tool, and only leaving two flower balls with the diameter of 0.5cm which are farthest away;

uniformly mixing 10% kasugamycin wettable powder and 80% mancozeb wettable powder according to the proportion of 1; the prepared solution is evenly smeared on the wounds of leaves and flower bulbs;

cutting the ball at the lateral branch according to the length of 667m ² Shi Sanyuan compound fertilizer 10-15kg, spraying mixed solution with concentration of 2500mg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2000mg/L amino acid on the lateral branch flower ball, spraying once every 3 days for three times in total, and enabling the lateral branch flower ball to normally bolt and flower;

when the lateral branch flower ball reaches the full-bloom stage, manually stripping and pollinating buds which do not bloom within 1-3d, removing other small buds which do not bloom, namely sealing the buds, bagging and isolating the buds by using a sulfuric acid paper bag after the manual stripping and pollination are finished to prevent the stigma from being injured by farming activities or the pollination by an insect media, and taking off the bag after bagging for one week to collect seeds after the seeds are mature.

The ternary compound fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: p: k is calculated by the following formula of 12:8:30 of the mixed fertilizer.

After field planting, the soil is kept moist, watering is carried out in time in continuous sunny days, and accumulated water in the field is removed in rainy days; the water requirement is large after the buds are developed, and sufficient water supply is ensured; properly squat the seedlings, and applying the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer for 5 times; topdressing once high-nitrogen high-phosphorus compound fertilizer 667m after field planting 5-7 days ² The dosage is 5-8kg; 10kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied in the root-growing stage and the lotus seedpod stage respectively; topdressing with 10-15kg of ternary compound fertilizer after bud development, dressing with 10-15kg of ternary compound fertilizer after main branch ball cutting, dressing with 10-15kg of ternary compound fertilizer after lateral branch ball cutting, and spraying on leaf surface before and after bud emergenceCalcium, boron foliar fertilizer and 0.2% -0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, spraying 1 time every 7 days, continuously spraying 2-3 times.

During the propagation period, pest control needs to be well done. 3000 times of 10% kasugamycin wettable powder can be used for spraying at the beginning of the onset of black rot and soft rot, and the black rot and the soft rot mainly occur after budding, so the black rot and the soft rot are prevented before budding; insect pests include aphids, cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moths and noctuids; aphid is prevented and controlled by spraying 7000 times liquid of 70 percent amelete water dispersible granule; cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth and noctuid pests are prevented and treated by spraying 1 time every 15 days with 2000-fold liquid of 10% chlorantraniliprole and 20% thiamethoxam or 4000-fold liquid of 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension.

The results of the flowering season survey for broccoli of this example, regular cultivation and the method of this example are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from Table 1, the flowering time of the side branch flower bulbs of the broccoli cultivated by the method is later and is 52 days different from the end flowering phase of the conventional cultivation, but the end flowering phase of the side branch flower bulbs is 2 months and is still at an appropriate temperature, and normal pod forming is not influenced.

Table 2 shows the seeds obtained by pollination at different times in the conventional cultivation and the method of the invention.

TABLE 2

Note: the difference is significant when the lower case letters indicate that P < 0.05

As can be seen from Table 2, pollination of the self-incompatible material in the initial flowering phase is not favorable for the propagation of the original seeds, regardless of the poor quality of the seeds harvested by tip sealing in the initial flowering phase of the conventional cultivation and the pollination in the initial flowering phase of the cultivation method. The conventional cultivation of pollination without tip sealing in the full-bloom period and the method of the invention of pollination without tip sealing in the full-bloom period are also poor in seed quality. When the germination rate of seeds is more than 80%, the main branch is subjected to closed tip pollination in the full-bloom stage, the main branch is subjected to closed tip pollination in the terminal-bloom stage, the lateral branch is not subjected to closed tip pollination in the full-bloom stage, and the lateral branch is subjected to closed tip pollination in the full-bloom stage. The situation that the germination vigor of the seeds is the highest is that the closed tip pollination is carried out in the full-bloom stage of the lateral branches, the closed tip pollination is 80.67%, the situation that the quantity of the harvested seeds is the highest is that the closed tip pollination is carried out in the full-bloom stage of the lateral branches, the closed tip pollination is obviously higher than other situations, and the closed tip pollination is 3.25g.

Obviously, the propagation method for closed-tip pollination in the full-bloom period of the lateral branches is obviously superior to other methods.

In the invention, only one lateral branch is reserved after the main branch is cut off, the plant is not pollinated when reaching the full-bloom stage and is sealed, and the plant can generate certain enzyme in the end-bloom stage for continuing the next generation, thereby influencing the incompatibility of the plant and being easier to clamp. However, the closed-end pollination in the lateral branch end flowering period and the closed-end pollination in the lateral branch end flowering period of the invention are not enough in actual seed reproduction process, because fresh flowers and buds suitable for manual bud peeling pollination are not enough, the fresh pollen amount and the bud amount are less, and the actual production requirement can not be met. In addition, if the flower bulbs on the main branches are cut off at the beginning and the seeds on the lateral branches are not good, the main branches can bloom but not pollinate, and the lateral branches can be closed to pollinate in the full-bloom period to obtain good results.

At present, the cost of producing 1kg of broccoli seeds by artificial pollination is about 2.5 ten thousand yuan RMB, and in the production process of most broccoli material high self-incompatibility line breeder seeds, the conventional pollination is extremely difficult to meet the requirement of producing the required seeds. A great deal of manpower and financial resources are used in the artificial pollination link, but the yield and the quality of the harvested seeds cannot meet the requirements of the seed production and propagation link. At present, the area of broccoli planted in China is about 160 ten thousand mu, the domestic variety with independent intellectual property rights occupies about 15 percent, 24 ten thousand mu is achieved, and 3600kg of seeds are needed for planting 15g of seeds per mu. The average yield per mu of the broccoli for seed production is about 15kg, and about 240kg of the original seeds are needed for producing 3600kg of seeds. The broccoli is generally cultivated by a male parent 1:1, wherein the male parent mostly uses a high self-incompatible line, and the female parent uses a cytoplasmic sterile line. Therefore, the current domestic variety needs about 240kg of broccoli male parent stock, and the breed area is increased along with the continuous expansion of domestic free variety area. The method can not only obviously improve the seed yield, ensure the seeds to normally bear and meet the production requirement, but also greatly improve the seed quality, at least improve the germination rate by 10 percent on the basis of conventional pollination, and provide a solid foundation for cultivating high-quality seedlings.

Claims (3)

1. A method for propagating broccoli by self-incompatible stock includes such steps as culturing strong seedlings, choosing land, field planting, applying fertilizer and fertilizer, preventing and eliminating diseases and pests, managing mature period and pollinating, and features that the side branch bulbs are used for pollination, and when the side branch bulbs are in full-bloom stage, the blossomed buds are stripped and pollinated manually within 1-3 days, and the other small blossomed buds are removed.

2. The method for propagating broccoli self-incompatible stock seeds of claim 1, wherein during the management of the maturation period, when the broccoli main branch curd is completely mature, a tool is used to cut off the main branch curd, and only two curd with a diameter of 0.5-1cm are left at the farthest distance;

uniformly mixing 10% kasugamycin wettable powder and 80% mancozeb wettable powder according to the proportion of 1; the prepared solution is evenly smeared on the wounds of leaves and flower bulbs;

after the main branches cut the ball, the length of each 667m ² Shi Sanyuan Compound fertilizers 10-15kg to make the flower ball of the main branch normally bolting and flowering;

when the main branch flower bulb reaches the end flowering phase, a tool is used for cutting off the main branch and other side branches except the most spherical side branch, and if other side branches grow on the root of the later-stage plant, the other side branches need to be removed in time.

3. The method for propagating broccoli self-incompatible breeder seeds of claim 1, wherein the lateral branch pollination is that when the ball of flower on the largest lateral branch reaches 10cm, a tool is used to cut off the ball of flower on the lateral branch, and only two ball of flower with the diameter of 0.5cm which are farthest away are left;

uniformly mixing 10% kasugamycin wettable powder and 80% mancozeb wettable powder according to the proportion of 1; the prepared solution is evenly smeared on the wounds of leaves and flower bulbs;

cutting ball at side branch according to 667m ² Shi Sanyuan compound fertilizer 10-15kg, spraying 2500mg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2000mg/L amino acid mixed solution on lateral branch curd, spraying once every 3 days for three times to make lateral branch curd shoot and flower normally;

when the lateral branch flower ball reaches the full-bloom stage, manually stripping and pollinating buds which do not bloom within 1-3d, removing other small buds which do not bloom, namely sealing the buds, bagging and isolating the buds by using a sulfuric acid paper bag after the manual stripping and pollination are finished to prevent the stigma from being injured by farming activities or the pollination by an insect media, and taking off the bag after bagging for one week to collect seeds after the seeds are mature.

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