CN115384123B - 一种高韧性多层阻隔桶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高韧性多层阻隔桶及其制备方法,该阻隔桶包括阻隔层1、粘结层2和增韧层3,阻隔层1和增韧层3之间通过粘结层2进行粘结;先制备出增韧层3,之后在增韧层3一侧表面涂覆丙烯酸系热熔胶,形成厚度为0.2mm的粘结层2,之后在粘结层2表面粘结阻隔层1,冷却成型,制得复合片材,之后将复合片材制成多层阻隔桶;阻隔层制备过程中通过乙烯‑乙烯醇共聚物与马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯配合使用,制备得到的阻隔层具有优异的耐溶剂性,而且加入了介孔二氧化硅,该介孔二氧化硅为不规则的花状球体,内部充满径向孔道,当作为填料时,通过其特殊的形貌结构,能够延长油性溶剂的渗透路径,从而提高抗渗阻隔效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于塑料瓶技术领域,具体地,涉及一种高韧性多层阻隔桶及其制备方法。
背景技术
塑料材质的农药桶通常由HDPE、PE、PP等材质制成,如申请号为CN201811401088.2的中国专利申请中公开了一种农药包装瓶及其制备方法,其含以下重量份的组分:PE树脂40-50份、LLDPE8-15份、纳米氧化锡锑5.5-8.5份、纳米钛白粉0.7-1.4份、改性空心玻璃微珠5-10份、交联剂1-3份、抗氧剂0.3-0.6份、硬脂酸丁酯1-3份、相容剂1-3份、增塑剂1-5份、补强剂1-3份、硼酸锌5-10份;其制备方法包括以下步骤:S1:煅烧;S2:熔融共混挤出;S3:真空反应;S4:吹塑成型。
上述相关技术中采用PE树脂作为农药桶的主要材质,由于PE材质对甲苯、二甲苯等油性溶剂的阻隔性能较差,导致农药容易从瓶壁中渗出,造成农药含水率升高、容器开裂等问题,而纳米碳酸钙相对于一些较大颗粒的无机填料,具有比表面积高的特点,在与大分子结合后,可以填充在大分子间的空隙中,提高有机高分子材料的致密性,但是纳米碳酸钙本身容易团聚,无法均匀分散。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明一种高韧性多层阻隔桶及其制备方法。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种高韧性多层阻隔桶,包括阻隔层、粘结层和增韧层,阻隔层和增韧层之间通过粘结层进行粘结,其特征在于:所述增韧层包括如下步骤制成:
步骤S1、将滑石粉加入去离子水中,磁力搅拌1h后静置30min,除去上层液体和液面杂质,洗涤、烘干,之后加入质量分数30%硝酸溶液中,升温至60℃,在此温度下浸泡12h,之后过滤,用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,烘干,之后在400℃下煅烧2h,制得改性滑石粉,控制滑石粉、去离子水和硝酸溶液的用量比为3-5g∶250mL∶150mL;
步骤S1中将滑石粉除杂后依次用过硝酸和煅烧对滑石粉进行改性处理,制得改性滑石粉,通过改性提高滑石粉的吸附性能。
步骤S2、将氧化钙加入85℃去离子水中,边消化并匀速搅拌2h,搅拌结束后冷却至室温,陈化24h,制得反应液,之后加入异硬脂酸,继续搅拌并反应1h,反应结束后加入改性滑石粉,通入二氧化碳,在8-10℃下匀速搅拌并反应3h,制得浆液,过滤,保留清液,烘干,制得复合粒子,控制氧化钙、去离子水和改性滑石粉的用量比为1∶10∶2-3.5,异硬脂酸的用量为氧化钙重量的3-5%;
步骤S2中以氧化钙作为原料,加入水发生消化反应,生成反应液,该反应液为氢氧化钙溶液,之后加入异硬脂酸作为改性剂,通入二氧化碳反应生成纳米碳酸钙,在改性剂的作用下纳米碳酸钙能够均匀分散在改性滑石粉的结构中,使得纳米碳酸钙与滑石粉的均匀负载,防止纳米碳酸钙在滑石粉中大量团聚。
步骤S3、按重量份计,将15-25份HDPE、3-8份PE、0.3-0.5份海藻纤维、0.1-0.3份单硬脂酸甘油酯和3-5份复合粒子在800r/min转速下混合均匀,制得混合料,之后加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出,制得厚度为0.5-0.6mm的增韧层。
进一步地:所述粘结层为丙烯酸系热熔胶。
进一步地:所述阻隔层包括如下步骤制成:
步骤S11、将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵加入体积分数35%乙醇水溶液中,在35-40℃下匀速搅拌30min,之后加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,之后依次加入环己烷和四乙氧基硅烷,磁力搅拌1h,搅拌结束后滴入氨水,继续搅拌并反应4h,制得悬浮液,之后将悬浮液置于反应釜中,升温至150-160℃,保温反应24h,反应结束后冷却至室温,抽滤,将滤饼洗涤后烘干,之后置于马弗炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至550℃,煅烧5h,制得介孔二氧化硅,控制十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、乙醇水溶液、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、环己烷、四乙氧基硅烷和氨水的用量比为0.05-0.08g∶30mL∶0.2-0.5g∶5mL∶0.3-0.5g∶0.5mL。
步骤S11中以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、环己烷和乙醇水溶液混合形成囊泡/微乳液复合聚集体,之后将其作为软模板,四乙氧基硅烷作为硅源,通过溶剂热法制备出介孔二氧化硅,该介孔二氧化硅为不规则的花状球体,内部充满径向孔道,当作为填料时,通过其特殊的形貌结构,能够延长油性溶剂的渗透路径,从而提高抗渗阻隔效果。
步骤S12、按重量份计,将25-35份乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、10-15份马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯和5-10份介孔二氧化硅混合均匀后加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出,制得厚度为0.16mm的阻隔层。
一种高韧性多层阻隔桶的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
先制备出增韧层,之后在增韧层一侧表面涂覆丙烯酸系热熔胶,形成厚度为0.1-0.2mm的粘结层,之后在粘结层表面粘结阻隔层,冷却成型,制得复合片材,之后将复合片材制成多层阻隔桶。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明一种多层阻隔桶,包括阻隔层、粘结层和增韧层,阻隔层制备过程中通过乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物与马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯配合使用,制备得到的阻隔层具有优异的耐溶剂性,而且加入了介孔二氧化硅,该介孔二氧化硅为不规则的花状球体,内部充满径向孔道,当作为填料时,通过其特殊的形貌结构,能够延长油性溶剂的渗透路径,从而提高抗渗阻隔效果;增韧层在制备过程中加入异硬脂酸作为改性剂,通入二氧化碳反应生成纳米碳酸钙,在改性剂的作用下纳米碳酸钙能够均匀分散在改性滑石粉的结构中,使得纳米碳酸钙与滑石粉的均匀负载,防止纳米碳酸钙在滑石粉中大量团聚。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一种高韧性多层阻隔桶的剖面图。
附图中,各标号所代表的部件列表如下:
1、阻隔层;2、粘结层;3、增韧层。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
请参阅图1所示,本发明一种高韧性多层阻隔桶包括阻隔层1、粘结层2和增韧层3,阻隔层1和增韧层3之间通过粘结层2进行粘结;
该高韧性多层阻隔桶包括如下步骤制成:
先制备出增韧层3,之后在增韧层3一侧表面涂覆丙烯酸系热熔胶,形成厚度为0.1mm的粘结层2,之后在粘结层2表面粘结阻隔层1,冷却成型,制得复合片材,之后将复合片材制成多层阻隔桶。
实施例2
请参阅图1所示,本发明一种高韧性多层阻隔桶包括阻隔层1、粘结层2和增韧层3,阻隔层1和增韧层3之间通过粘结层2进行粘结;
该高韧性多层阻隔桶包括如下步骤制成:
先制备出增韧层3,之后在增韧层3一侧表面涂覆丙烯酸系热熔胶,形成厚度为0.2mm的粘结层2,之后在粘结层2表面粘结阻隔层1,冷却成型,制得复合片材,之后将复合片材制成多层阻隔桶。
实施例3
所述增韧层3包括如下步骤制成:
步骤S1、将滑石粉加入去离子水中,磁力搅拌1h后静置30min,除去上层液体和液面杂质,洗涤、烘干,之后加入质量分数30%硝酸溶液中,升温至60℃,在此温度下浸泡12h,之后过滤,用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,烘干,之后在400℃下煅烧2h,制得改性滑石粉,控制滑石粉、去离子水和硝酸溶液的用量比为3g∶250mL∶150mL;
步骤S2、将氧化钙加入85℃去离子水中,边消化并匀速搅拌2h,搅拌结束后冷却至室温,陈化24h,制得反应液,之后加入异硬脂酸,继续搅拌并反应1h,反应结束后加入改性滑石粉,通入二氧化碳,在8-10℃下匀速搅拌并反应3h,制得浆液,过滤,保留清液,烘干,制得复合粒子,控制氧化钙、去离子水和改性滑石粉的用量比为1∶10∶2,异硬脂酸的用量为氧化钙重量的3%;
步骤S3、按重量份计,将15份HDPE、3份PE、0.3份海藻纤维、0.1份单硬脂酸甘油酯和3份复合粒子在800r/min转速下混合均匀,制得混合料,之后加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出,制得厚度为0.5mm的增韧层3。
实施例4
所述增韧层3包括如下步骤制成:
步骤S1、将滑石粉加入去离子水中,磁力搅拌1h后静置30min,除去上层液体和液面杂质,洗涤、烘干,之后加入质量分数30%硝酸溶液中,升温至60℃,在此温度下浸泡12h,之后过滤,用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,烘干,之后在400℃下煅烧2h,制得改性滑石粉,控制滑石粉、去离子水和硝酸溶液的用量比为4g∶250mL∶150mL;
步骤S2、将氧化钙加入85℃去离子水中,边消化并匀速搅拌2h,搅拌结束后冷却至室温,陈化24h,制得反应液,之后加入异硬脂酸,继续搅拌并反应1h,反应结束后加入改性滑石粉,通入二氧化碳,在8-10℃下匀速搅拌并反应3h,制得浆液,过滤,保留清液,烘干,制得复合粒子,控制氧化钙、去离子水和改性滑石粉的用量比为1∶10∶3,异硬脂酸的用量为氧化钙重量的4%;
步骤S3、按重量份计,将20份HDPE、5份PE、0.4份海藻纤维、0.2份单硬脂酸甘油酯和4份复合粒子在800r/min转速下混合均匀,制得混合料,之后加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出,制得厚度为0.6mm的增韧层3。
实施例5
所述增韧层3包括如下步骤制成:
步骤S1、将滑石粉加入去离子水中,磁力搅拌1h后静置30min,除去上层液体和液面杂质,洗涤、烘干,之后加入质量分数30%硝酸溶液中,升温至60℃,在此温度下浸泡12h,之后过滤,用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,烘干,之后在400℃下煅烧2h,制得改性滑石粉,控制滑石粉、去离子水和硝酸溶液的用量比为5g∶250mL∶150mL;
步骤S2、将氧化钙加入85℃去离子水中,边消化并匀速搅拌2h,搅拌结束后冷却至室温,陈化24h,制得反应液,之后加入异硬脂酸,继续搅拌并反应1h,反应结束后加入改性滑石粉,通入二氧化碳,在10℃下匀速搅拌并反应3h,制得浆液,过滤,保留清液,烘干,制得复合粒子,控制氧化钙、去离子水和改性滑石粉的用量比为1∶10∶3.5,异硬脂酸的用量为氧化钙重量的5%;
步骤S3、按重量份计,将25份HDPE、8份PE、0.5份海藻纤维、0.3份单硬脂酸甘油酯和5份复合粒子在800r/min转速下混合均匀,制得混合料,之后加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出,制得厚度为0.6mm的增韧层3。
实施例6
阻隔层包括如下步骤制成:
步骤S11、将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵加入体积分数35%乙醇水溶液中,在35℃下匀速搅拌30min,之后加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,之后依次加入环己烷和四乙氧基硅烷,磁力搅拌1h,搅拌结束后滴入氨水,继续搅拌并反应4h,制得悬浮液,之后将悬浮液置于反应釜中,升温至150℃,保温反应24h,反应结束后冷却至室温,抽滤,将滤饼洗涤后烘干,之后置于马弗炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至550℃,煅烧5h,制得介孔二氧化硅,控制十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、乙醇水溶液、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、环己烷、四乙氧基硅烷和氨水的用量比为0.05g∶30mL∶0.2g∶5mL∶0.3g∶0.5mL。
步骤S12、按重量份计,将25份乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、10份马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯和5份介孔二氧化硅混合均匀后加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出,制得厚度为0.16mm的阻隔层。
实施例7
阻隔层包括如下步骤制成:
步骤S11、将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵加入体积分数35%乙醇水溶液中,在38℃下匀速搅拌30min,之后加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,之后依次加入环己烷和四乙氧基硅烷,磁力搅拌1h,搅拌结束后滴入氨水,继续搅拌并反应4h,制得悬浮液,之后将悬浮液置于反应釜中,升温至155℃,保温反应24h,反应结束后冷却至室温,抽滤,将滤饼洗涤后烘干,之后置于马弗炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至550℃,煅烧5h,制得介孔二氧化硅,控制十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、乙醇水溶液、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、环己烷、四乙氧基硅烷和氨水的用量比为0.06g∶30mL∶0.4g∶5mL∶0.4g∶0.5mL。
步骤S12、按重量份计,将30份乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、12份马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯和8份介孔二氧化硅混合均匀后加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出,制得厚度为0.16mm的阻隔层。
实施例8
阻隔层包括如下步骤制成:
步骤S11、将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵加入体积分数35%乙醇水溶液中,在40℃下匀速搅拌30min,之后加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,之后依次加入环己烷和四乙氧基硅烷,磁力搅拌1h,搅拌结束后滴入氨水,继续搅拌并反应4h,制得悬浮液,之后将悬浮液置于反应釜中,升温至160℃,保温反应24h,反应结束后冷却至室温,抽滤,将滤饼洗涤后烘干,之后置于马弗炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至550℃,煅烧5h,制得介孔二氧化硅,控制十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、乙醇水溶液、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、环己烷、四乙氧基硅烷和氨水的用量比为0.08g∶30mL∶0.5g∶5mL∶0.5g∶0.5mL。
步骤S12、按重量份计,将35份乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、15份马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯和10份介孔二氧化硅混合均匀后加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出,制得厚度为0.16mm的阻隔层。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例1相比,未复合阻隔层。
对比例2
本对比例为发明专利CN114350050A制备出的抗渗透农药瓶。
对实施例1-2制备出阻隔桶和对比例1-2制备出的塑料瓶的性能进行检测,结果如下表所示:
阻隔性能:参照ASTMD2684/D2684M-2015《包装试剂或专利产品的热塑容器的渗透率试验方法》对试样的耐机油及耐苯性能进行测试,3个试样的平均值作为测试结果,在试样内装满二甲苯,密封,称取包装瓶的重量m1(g),测定温度为50℃,14天后测试包装瓶的重量m2(g),渗透量(g)=m1-m2,渗透量越小,表明耐溶剂性能或阻隔性能越好。
抗冲击性能:参照ASTMD256-1997《塑料的悬臂梁冲击性能检测的标准试验方法》进行检测,每一个实施例和对比例均取三个包装瓶作为试样,从每个包装瓶上裁剪出长度为5cm,宽度为3cm的试样条。
从上表中能够看出本发明实施例1-2制备出的阻隔桶具有更高的阻隔性能和高韧性。
在说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明的构思所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明的构思或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种高韧性多层阻隔桶,包括阻隔层(1)、粘结层(2)和增韧层(3),阻隔层(1)和增韧层(3)之间通过粘结层(2)进行粘结,其特征在于:所述增韧层(3)包括如下步骤制成:
步骤S1、将滑石粉加入去离子水中,磁力搅拌1h后静置30min,除去上层液体和液面杂质,洗涤、烘干,之后加入质量分数为30%的硝酸溶液中,升温至60℃,在此温度下浸泡12h,之后过滤,用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,烘干,之后在400℃下煅烧2h,制得改性滑石粉,控制滑石粉、去离子水和硝酸溶液的用量比为3-5g∶250mL∶150mL;
步骤S2、将氧化钙加入85℃去离子水中,边消化边匀速搅拌2h,搅拌结束后冷却至室温,陈化24h,制得反应液,之后加入异硬脂酸,继续搅拌并反应1h,反应结束后加入所述改性滑石粉,通入二氧化碳,在8-10℃下匀速搅拌并反应3h,制得浆液,过滤,保留清液,烘干,制得复合粒子,控制氧化钙、去离子水和改性滑石粉的用量比为1∶10∶2-3.5,异硬脂酸的用量为氧化钙重量的3-5%;
步骤S3、按重量份计,将15-25份HDPE、3-8份PE、0.3-0.5份海藻纤维、0.1-0.3份单硬脂酸甘油酯和3-5份复合粒子在800r/min的转速下混合均匀,制得混合料,之后加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出,制得厚度为0.5-0.6mm的增韧层(3);
所述阻隔层(1)包括如下步骤制成:
步骤S11、将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵加入体积分数为35%的乙醇水溶液中,在35-40℃下匀速搅拌30min,之后加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,之后依次加入环己烷和四乙氧基硅烷,磁力搅拌1h,搅拌结束后滴入氨水,继续搅拌并反应4h,制得悬浮液,之后将悬浮液置于反应釜中,升温至150-160℃,保温反应24h,反应结束后冷却至室温,抽滤,将滤饼洗涤后烘干,之后置于马弗炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至550℃,煅烧5h,制得介孔二氧化硅;
步骤S12、按重量份计,将25-35份乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、10-15份马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯和5-10份介孔二氧化硅混合均匀后加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出,制得厚度为0.16mm的阻隔层(1)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高韧性多层阻隔桶,其特征在于:所述粘结层(2)为丙烯酸系热熔胶。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高韧性多层阻隔桶,其特征在于:步骤S11中控制十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、乙醇水溶液、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、环己烷、四乙氧基硅烷和氨水的用量比为0.05-0.08g∶30mL∶0.2-0.5g∶5mL∶0.3-0.5g∶0.5mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高韧性多层阻隔桶的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
先制备出增韧层(3),之后在增韧层(3)一侧表面涂覆丙烯酸系热熔胶,形成厚度为0.1-0.2mm的粘结层(2),之后在粘结层(2)表面粘结阻隔层(1),冷却成型,制得复合片材,之后将复合片材制成多层阻隔桶。
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