CN107474308B - 一种微发泡聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种微发泡聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107474308B
CN107474308B CN201710559553.4A CN201710559553A CN107474308B CN 107474308 B CN107474308 B CN 107474308B CN 201710559553 A CN201710559553 A CN 201710559553A CN 107474308 B CN107474308 B CN 107474308B
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陈瑶
于建梅
程文超
李禹函
周英辉
陈胜杰
熊值
王传新
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CHENGDU KINGFA TECHNOLOGY NEW MATERIAL Co.,Ltd.
WUHAN KINGFA TECHNOLOGY ENTERPRISE TECHNOLOGY CENTER Co.,Ltd.
Wuhan Kingfa Sci and Tech Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种微发泡聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法,按重量份数计,包括如下组分:100份聚丙烯;10份‑30份玻璃纤维;1份‑3份稀土氧化物;1份‑5份发泡剂;其制备方法,包括如下步骤:按照配比将聚丙烯、玻璃纤维、稀土氧化物先通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,再将挤出得到的物料与发泡剂进行混合通过注塑机,即得。本发明通过将特定含量的稀土氧化物作为聚丙烯基体的发泡助剂,通过稀土氧化物与发泡剂之间形成配位,活化发泡剂的分解,降低发泡剂的分解温度,从而能够明显提高微发泡聚丙烯复合材料的闭孔率,同时使得制备得到的微发泡聚丙烯复合材料的密度低、流动性高、力学性能特别是冲击强度优异,且加工工艺简单,适于大规模量产。

Description

一种微发泡聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域,特别涉及一种微发泡聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚丙烯微发泡材料具有拉伸强度高、密度低、冲击性能优异、隔音隔热等特点,已经广泛应用于汽车行业、包装工业、军事工业、日化用品等领域。特别在汽车领域,良好的尺寸稳定性、耐冲击性可作为汽车的保险杠材料,发泡过后的制品具有亚光性,容易着色等特点,从而适用于汽车内饰件、方向盘等材料。目前,聚丙烯微发泡材料的发泡方法主要有物理发泡法、空心微球发泡法和化学发泡法。物理发泡法主要存在气体发泡剂与熔体相容性差,发泡剂分解出的气体在熔体的作用下导致气泡合并或塌陷,且对成型设备和工艺条件的控制和精度要求较高的缺陷;而空心微球发泡法的优点是成型容易、制造费用廉价、生产周期短、耗能少。但空心微球不能耐高压,在制备过程中容易破裂,不能用连续挤出或注塑等成型方法制备。而目前的化学发泡法存在控制工艺参数复杂的缺陷;特别是对于结晶度较高的聚合物,在升温达到熔融温度后,聚合物的熔体黏度会迅速下降,使发泡过程中产生的气体很容易合并或塌陷,闭孔率低,从而导致流动性和力学性能无法保证。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点或不足,本发明的首要目的是提供一种闭孔率高、流动性高、密度低、力学性能优异的微发泡聚丙烯复合材料。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述微发泡聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法。
本发明上述目的通过如下技术方案予以实现:
一种微发泡聚丙烯复合材料,按重量份数计,包括如下组分:
聚丙烯 100份;
玻璃纤维 10份-30份;
稀土氧化物 1份-3份;
发泡剂 1份-5份。
其中,所述聚丙烯选自均聚聚丙烯和/或共聚聚丙烯。
其中,所述稀土氧化物选自镧系元素的氧化物或者镧系元素的氧化物与其他元素的氧化物的复配物;所述镧系元素选自镧、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥中的一种或几种;所述其他元素的氧化物选自钪、钇中的一种或几种。
其中,所述镧系元素的氧化物与其他元素的氧化物的复配物中镧系元素的氧化物与其他元素的氧化物的复配重量比为1:0.5-1:3,优选为1:1-1:2。
当镧系元素的氧化物与其他元素的氧化物的复配重量比小于1:3,闭孔率低,产品强度低;当镧系元素的氧化物与其他元素的氧化物的复配重量比大于1:0.5,产品发泡效率差,材料密度高。
其中,所述发泡剂选自偶氮二甲酰胺、甲苯磺酰氨基脲、4,4’-二磺酰肼二苯醚、N,N’-二亚硝基五次甲基四胺中的一种或几种。
一种上述微发泡聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
按照配比将聚丙烯、玻璃纤维、稀土氧化物先通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,再将挤出得到的物料与发泡剂进行混合通过注塑机,得到微发泡聚丙烯复合材料。
其中,所述挤出机各段的条件为第一段:180℃、第二段:210℃、第三段:220℃、第四段:220℃、模口:200℃。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下有益效果:
1)本发明通过将特定含量的稀土氧化物作为聚丙烯基体的发泡助剂,通过稀土氧化物与发泡剂之间形成配位,活化发泡剂的分解,降低发泡剂的分解温度,从而能够明显提高微发泡聚丙烯复合材料的闭孔率,同时使得制备得到的微发泡聚丙烯复合材料的密度低、流动性高、力学性能特别是冲击强度优异。
2)本发明的微发泡聚丙烯复合材料的加工工艺简单,适于大规模量产。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明,以下实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受下述实施例的限制。
本发明的实施例及对比例采用如下原料,但不仅限于这些原料:
聚丙烯:共聚聚丙烯,PP EP548R,中海壳牌;
玻璃纤维:巨石玻纤;
稀土氧化物:镧系元素的氧化物:三氧化二镧La2O3,淄博瑞博康化工稀土材料有限公司;
三氧化二钐Sm2O3,淄博瑞博康化工稀土材料有限公司;
氧化铈CeO2,淄博瑞博康化工稀土材料有限公司;
其他元素的氧化物:氧化钪,淄博瑞博康化工稀土材料有限公司;
氧化钇,淄博瑞博康化工稀土材料有限公司;
发泡剂:偶氮二甲酰胺,潍坊其鸿贸易有限公司;
甲苯磺酰氨基脲,潍坊其鸿贸易有限公司;
4,4’-二磺酰肼二苯醚,潍坊其鸿贸易有限公司;
各性能指标的测试方法如表1所示:
表1
实施例1-13及对比例1-6:微发泡聚丙烯复合材料的制备
按照表2的配比将聚丙烯、玻璃纤维、稀土氧化物先通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,再将挤出得到的物料与发泡剂进行混合通过注塑机,得到微发泡聚丙烯复合材料;所述挤出机各段的条件为200℃、210℃、220℃、220℃、200℃。制备得到的微发泡聚丙烯复合材料的闭孔率、熔体流动速率、密度、HDT、拉伸强度、弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度的性能测试结果如表2所示。
表2 实施例1-13及对比例1-6的各组分配比(重量份)及各性能测试结果
续表2

Claims (7)

1.一种微发泡聚丙烯复合材料,按重量份数计,包括如下组分:
聚丙烯 100份;
玻璃纤维 10份-30份;
稀土氧化物 1份-3份;
发泡剂 1份-5份;
所述稀土氧化物选自镧系元素的氧化物或者镧系元素的氧化物与其他元素的氧化物的复配物;所述镧系元素选自镧、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥中的一种或几种;所述其他元素的氧化物选自钪、钇中的一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微发泡聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述聚丙烯选自均聚聚丙烯和/或共聚聚丙烯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的微发泡聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述镧系元素的氧化物与其他元素的氧化物的复配物中镧系元素的氧化物与其他元素的氧化物的复配重量比为1:0.5-1:3。
4.根据权利要求3所述的微发泡聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述镧系元素的氧化物与其他元素的氧化物的复配物中镧系元素的氧化物与其他元素的氧化物的复配重量比为1:1-1:2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的微发泡聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述发泡剂选自偶氮二甲酰胺、甲苯磺酰氨基脲、4,4’-二磺酰肼二苯醚、N,N’-二亚硝基五次甲基四胺中的一种或几种。
6.一种如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的微发泡聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
按照配比将聚丙烯、玻璃纤维、稀土氧化物先通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,再将挤出得到的物料与发泡剂进行混合通过注塑机,得到微发泡聚丙烯复合材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的微发泡聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述挤出机各段的条件为第一段:180℃、第二段:210℃、第三段:220℃、第四段:220℃、模口:200℃。
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