CN115380776A - Golden honey melon production method based on excellent strain artificial pollination free - Google Patents

Golden honey melon production method based on excellent strain artificial pollination free Download PDF

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CN115380776A
CN115380776A CN202211070843.XA CN202211070843A CN115380776A CN 115380776 A CN115380776 A CN 115380776A CN 202211070843 A CN202211070843 A CN 202211070843A CN 115380776 A CN115380776 A CN 115380776A
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吴坤林
旷远文
吴林芳
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South China Botanical Garden of CAS
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    • A01H6/34—Cucurbitaceae, e.g. bitter melon, cucumber or watermelon 
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a production method of golden honey melons based on excellent strain artificial pollination free. According to the invention, by promoting the germination of lateral buds of excellent strains and establishing a rapid propagation technical system of tissue culture seedlings by taking the lateral buds as explants, a large amount of high-quality healthy honeydew melon tissue culture seedlings can be produced regularly, quantitatively and qualitatively according to market demands; then temporarily planting and planting tissue culture seedlings, and inducing insects to pollinate by adopting an insect attractant after blooming, so that the traditional artificial pollination method is completely replaced, the labor input is reduced, and the cost is saved; scientific field management is carried out according to the growth and development rule of the seedlings, the tissue culture seedlings grow neatly and consistently, the field unified management is facilitated, the fruiting and harvesting are neat and consistent, the centralized picking, the transportation and the market supply are facilitated, and finally, the high-benefit cultivation with high fruit setting rate, neat fruiting, increased weight of single fruit, improved yield and excellent quality is realized.

Description

Golden honey melon production method based on excellent strain artificial pollination free
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant breeding and cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for producing golden honeydew melons based on excellent plant line artificial pollination free.
Background
The muskmelon is an important fruit crop in world agriculture, the area of the Chinese muskmelon accounts for more than 45% of the total area of the world, and the yield accounts for more than 50%. Melon contains protein, carbohydrate, carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, nicotinic acid, calcium, phosphorus, iron, and other nutrients, and also contains invertase capable of converting insoluble protein into soluble protein. The nature and taste are as follows: sweet and cold; meridian tropism: entering heart and stomach channels; the functional indications are as follows: clear summer-heat, relieve restlessness and thirst, and induce diuresis. Among them, the muskmelon of the Hami melon type in Xinjiang has been popular with consumers at home and abroad due to its unique appearance, taste and flavor, and is sold at home and abroad. However, due to the accumulation characteristic of sugar in the fruits and the fact that the fruits are harvested in advance through long-distance transportation, the marketing quality of Xinjiang Hami melons is greatly influenced, the market credibility is struck, and the market share is influenced. With the improvement of living standard, consumers put forward higher requirements on eating quality, and the demand of high-grade melons and fruits is increasing continuously.
The golden honeydew melon belongs to the melon seed of cucurbitaceae cucumis, is prepared by culturing more than ten melon seeds (such as Hami melon, muskmelon, honeydew melon, hetao honey, west Zhou honey, elizabeth and the like) for many years by authoritative melon breeding experts, and adopts multi-line first-filial generation excellent legend honeydew melon, and the golden honeydew melon belongs to a premature variety of the melon seed. The golden honey melon has strong comprehensive resistance, easy fruit setting, moderate meat quality, crisp and sweet taste, not only has excellent quality of Xinjiang honey melon, but also is suitable for being cultivated in most areas of China (the cultivation can be carried out in seasons with high temperature and strong illumination), and has good test planting effect in three places, tianjin, beijing, jiangxi, hubei, hunan and the like at present.
At present, wu Yunpeng and the like (2019) review the research progress of the regeneration system of the melon, and through the development of recent decades, the research on the in vitro tissue culture and regeneration system of the melon has made great progress, but some problems still need to be solved urgently. Huangdan maple and Li Huiqun (1991) firstly report the tissue culture technical research of the netted melon, the young bud and the stem segment with axillary bud of the netted melon are taken as explants to obtain regenerated plants through the induction of callus and the differentiation and rooting of adventitious bud, but the regeneration system callus is serious and can not be applied to commercial production, and most researchers pay attention to the establishment of the regeneration system to lay the foundation for the molecular breeding. Although there are Zhang Huijun and so on (2015) as a 'rapid propagation method of melons and application' patent of invention, the method provided by the invention is to cut melon seeds into plumules after peeling and sterilizing, and then domesticate the obtained plants after starting culture, adventitious bud culture, elongation culture and rooting culture in turn to finally obtain melon regenerated seedlings; the patent does not screen adult fruiting plants, and also has the defects of seed propagation and seedling.
Although the muskmelon tissue culture has made great progress, most experiments can only be carried out in a laboratory, the cost is high compared with the conventional vegetative propagation, and the industrialized seedling culture is difficult to realize, so that during the muskmelon tissue culture process, the selection and control of the genotype, the explant and the growth regulator are still required to be further researched so as to improve the reproductive coefficient of the muskmelon regenerated seedlings and reduce the reproductive cost. The regeneration difference of melons with different genotypes is large, the selection of explants is one of key factors for melon regeneration, the combination of test materials and growth regulators and concentration gradient screening are mainly expanded in future work, and the cheap growth regulator combination and the optimal concentration suitable for efficient regeneration of melon varieties are found. Therefore, no report on the highly efficient commercial production of the tissue culture seedlings of the melons exists in China, and no artificial pollination-free melon production method for reducing the labor cost is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The golden honey melon is a good early-maturing variety bred by multi-line hybridization of more than ten excellent melons, has crisp and sweet meat quality, has crispness just like winter jujube, has sweetness just like Hami melon, gives sweet osmanthus honey fragrance in the melon body, and is a high-quality exquisite product converted from agricultural biotechnology achievements. The artificial cultivation of the traditional golden honey melon has 2 defects: 1) The melon seedlings bred by the seeds are irregular in fruit bearing, the fruits are not uniform in equal times, the mature picking time is not consistent, and centralized purchase and timed supply are difficult to realize; 2) After blooming, artificial pollination is needed to carry out normal fruiting, the labor cost is high, and the production benefit is low.
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the golden honey melon production method based on excellent strain free artificial pollination, the method can fill the blank in China, provides a large number of high-quality standard seedlings for the domestic development of the golden honey melon industry, and has positive promotion effect on the promotion of the golden honey melon industry in China.
The invention relates to a production method of golden honey melons based on artificial pollination free of excellent strains, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, screening excellent strains which are oval in shape, golden in fruit color, bright in luster, higher than 17 ℃ in fructose degree, 2.5-3.0 kg in single fruit weight and strong in comprehensive resistance from a golden honeydew melon plantation;
s2, topping the screened excellent strains to promote new lateral buds;
s3, taking the side buds as explants, disinfecting and cutting the explants into side bud sections with single bud points, then transplanting the side bud sections onto an adventitious bud induction culture medium, culturing for 25-35 days, transferring the side bud sections to an adventitious bud proliferation culture medium for proliferation culture of adventitious buds, culturing for 25-30 days for each generation, then transferring the adventitious buds to a rooting and seedling strengthening culture medium for rooting culture, and culturing until tissue culture seedlings with 3-5 roots and 5-7 cm high are obtained;
the adventitious bud induction culture medium comprises: adding 50-100mL/L coconut water, 0.05-0.1mg/L LTDZ, 30-40g/L sucrose, 0.17-0.34g/L KH into 1/4-1/2MS culture medium 2 PO 4 And 4.5-5.0g/L agar, pH 5.8-6.0;
the adventitious bud multiplication culture medium comprises: adding 100-150mL/L coconut water, 0.05-0.1mg/L LTDZ, 0.25-1.0 mg/L6-BA, 30-40g/L sucrose, 0.17-0.34g/L KH into 1/2-1MS culture medium 2 PO 4 Agar of 4.5-5.0g/L, pH 5.8-6.0;
the rooting and seedling strengthening culture medium comprises the following components: adding 50-75g/L banana, 20-30g/L sucrose, 0.5-1mg/L IBA, 0.1-0.2mg/L NAA, 0.05-0.1g/L activated carbon and 4.5-5.0g/L agar into 1/2-1MS culture medium, and adjusting pH to 5.8-6.0;
s4, taking out the tissue culture seedlings from a culture bottle after hardening, cleaning and sterilizing the tissue culture seedlings, and transplanting the tissue culture seedlings into a planting matrix until new root systems are generated to obtain excellent strain seedlings;
s5, planting the seedlings into soil in a cultivation facility, and timely leading vines and pruning; when fruiting vines are bloomed, an insect attractant is placed in the cultivation facility to attract insects to enter the pollen collecting and finish pollination; performing conventional fruit expansion period and mature period management and pest control, and harvesting at proper time; the insect attractant is prepared by mixing putrescine, peptone and honey in a mass ratio of 1: 4: 5.
Preferably, the step S3 of sterilizing and cutting the lateral bud with single bud point comprises: wiping the lateral buds with cotton soaked in 75% ethanol water solution by volume fraction for 3 times, removing leaves, cutting into small segments, each segment containing a bud point, soaking in 75% ethanol water solution by volume fraction for 15s, and washing with sterile water for 1 time; reuse mass fraction of 0.1% 2 Soaking in water solution for 5min, and washing with sterile water for 1 time; then further using HgCl with a mass fraction of 0.1% 2 Soaking in water for 3min, washing with sterile water for 1 time, and adding HgCl at 0.1 wt% 2 Soaking in water solution for 2min, washing with sterile water for 5 times, and blow-drying the surface water of lateral bud segments.
Preferably, the step S4 of disinfection is to soak the substrate in potassium permanganate solution with a mass fraction of 0.1% for 5min, and the planting substrate is a substrate mixed by peat soil and perlite according to a volume ratio of 1: 1.
Preferably, the adventitious bud induction medium: adding 50mL/L coconut water, 0.05mg/L TDZ, 30g/L sucrose, 0.17g/L KH into 1/4MS culture medium 2 PO 4 And 4.5g/L agar, pH5.8; the adventitious bud multiplication culture medium comprises: adding 100mL/L coconut water, 0.05mg/L TDZ, 0.25 mg/L6-BA, 30g/L sucrose, and 0.17g/L KH into 1/2MS culture medium 2 PO 4 4.5g/L agar, pH5.8; the rooting and seedling strengthening culture medium comprises: 50g/L banana, 20g/L sucrose, 0.5mg/L IBA, 0.1mg/L NAA, 0.05g/L activated carbon and 4.5g/L agar were added to 1/2MS medium, pH 5.8.
Preferably, the adventitious bud induction medium: is 1/2MS culture mediumAdding 100mL/L coconut water, 0.1mg/L TDZ, 40g/L sucrose, 0.34g/L KH 2 PO 4 And 5.0g/L agar, pH6.0; the adventitious bud multiplication culture medium comprises: adding 150mL/L coconut water, 0.1mg/L TDZ, 1.0 mg/L6-BA, 40g/L sucrose, and 0.34g/L KH into MS culture medium 2 PO 4 5.0g/L agar, pH6.0; the rooting and seedling strengthening culture medium comprises: 75g/L banana, 30g/L sucrose, 1mg/L IBA, 0.2mg/L NAA, 0.1g/L activated carbon and 5.0g/L agar are added into the MS culture medium, and the pH value is 6.0.
Preferably, the insect attractant is arranged in a plastic box with the upper surface sealed by a 60-mesh insect-proof net, the volume of the insect attractant is not more than 1/2 of the volume of the plastic box, and 1 plastic box containing 200-300mL of the insect attractant is placed in each 200-square shed.
Preferably, the culture conditions in step S3 are: the culture temperature is 25 +/-2 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1500-2000lx, and the illumination is 12h/d.
The invention has the following advantages:
the common golden honey melons are propagated through seeds, and have the defects that the seeds are not uniform in bearing fruits, so that fruits are not uniform in times, and the fruits cannot be harvested uniformly, so that centralized purchasing and timed supply of high-quality fruits are not facilitated; when in flowering, the artificial pollination is needed to ensure that the fruit can normally bear, the labor cost is higher, and the production benefit of the golden honey melon is directly reduced.
The invention provides a whole set of golden muskmelon production technology with remarkable economic benefits, which is used for optimizing single plant, tissue culture and rapid propagation, seedling, facility cultivation, artificial pollination free, efficient fruit bearing and pest control, wherein one side bud of each excellent strain can be used for propagating more than 20 ten thousand tissue culture seedlings every year, and the obtained tissue culture seedlings can be transplanted to survive and then can be subjected to greenhouse field planting, so that the large-scale commercialized and efficient production of the tissue culture seedlings of the golden muskmelon is realized.
The invention provides a special tissue culture efficient propagation method of the honeydew melon with the golden fragrance and a used culture medium by promoting the side bud of a good strain to sprout and establishing a tissue culture seedling rapid propagation technical system by taking the side bud as an explant, and can regularly, qualitatively and quantitatively produce a large amount of high-quality and healthy honeydew melon tissue culture seedlings according to market demands; then temporarily planting and planting tissue culture seedlings, and inducing insects to pollinate by adopting an insect attractant after blooming, so that the traditional artificial pollination method is completely replaced, the labor input is reduced, and the cost is saved; scientific field management is carried out according to the growth and development rule of the seedlings, the tissue culture seedlings grow neatly and consistently, the field unified management is facilitated, the fruiting and harvesting are neat and consistent, the centralized picking, the transportation and the market supply are facilitated, and finally, the high-benefit cultivation with high fruit setting rate, neat fruiting, increased weight of single fruit, improved yield and excellent quality is realized. The high-efficiency and high-quality production technology of the golden honeydew melon provided by the invention has the production benefit more than 2 times that of the conventional seed seedling artificial cultivation technology, and can realize field planting, centralized harvesting, fruit standardization and obvious production advantages according to requirements.
The invention is a high and new biotechnology for carrying out the large-scale production of economic crop seedlings by utilizing the totipotency of plant tissue cells, the plant tissue culture and other technologies, the culture method and the used culture medium have unique, simple and practical components, the culture system is stable, the application value is high, the method can be carried out only by simple plant tissue culture equipment, and the method has the characteristics of low cost and high benefit; an effective way is provided for meeting the domestic market demand of high-grade melons.
Detailed Description
The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
The MS Medium referred to in the following examples And comparative examples refers to a general Medium of a formulation known in the art, the composition And the configuration of which are described in Toshio Murashige, folk Skoog (1962) A Revised Medium For Rapid Growth And old Bio analysis With Tobacco Tissue cultures, physiollogian Plantarum, 15; the 1/2MS culture medium is a culture medium with half of macroelements in the MS culture medium and unchanged other components; the 1/4MS culture medium is a culture medium with macro-elements reduced to 1/4 of the original macro-elements in the MS culture medium and other components unchanged.
Example 1
The implementation provides a high-efficiency production technology of the golden honey melons based on excellent strain artificial pollination free, and a used culture medium and an insect attractant. The explant screening mode, the culture medium and the insect attractant have unique components, are simple and practical and have high application value. The method comprises the following steps:
1. materials: golden honey melon.
2. Screening of good Individual plants
And (3) screening excellent strains which are oval in shape, golden in fruit color, bright in luster, higher than 17 ℃ in fructose degree, 2.5-3.0 kg in single fruit weight and strong in comprehensive resistance in a wide-range golden honeydew melon plantation.
3. Explant disinfection and establishment of tissue culture rapid propagation technical system thereof
The good strains obtained by screening are subjected to topping treatment to promote the lateral buds which are newly germinated and grow, the lateral buds are taken as explants, the lateral buds are wiped for 3 times by using cotton soaked by ethanol water solution with the volume fraction of 75 percent, leaves are removed, the cotton is cut into small sections, each section comprises a bud point, then the small sections are fully soaked for 15s by using ethanol water solution with the volume fraction of 75 percent, the small sections are washed for 1 time by using sterile water, and the weight fraction of the small sections is 0.1 percent 2 Soaking in water for 5min, washing with sterile water for 1 time, and further processing with HgCl at 0.1% by mass 2 Soaking in water solution for 3min, washing with sterile water for 1 time, and processing with HgCl at 0.1 wt% 2 Fully soaking the cut section of the lateral bud in an aqueous solution for 2min, washing the cut section with sterile water for 5 times by sterile air of a clean bench to dry the surface water of the cut section to obtain a sterilized explant, then transplanting the explant on an adventitious bud induction culture medium, culturing for 30 days, transferring the explant to an adventitious bud proliferation culture medium to perform proliferation culture of the adventitious bud (25-30 days per generation), performing proliferation subculture of the adventitious bud for 6-9 generations to obtain a large amount of adventitious buds, then transferring the adventitious bud to a rooting and seedling strengthening culture medium to perform rooting culture, and obtaining a good-strain honeydew melon tissue culture seedling with the seedling height of 5-7 cm, the number of roots of 3-5 and the rooting rate of 100% after 30 days of rooting culture. Controlling conditions of the production process of the golden honey melon tissue culture seedling: the culture temperature is 25 + -2 deg.C, the illumination is 1500-2000lx, and the illumination is 12h/d. Wherein, the adventitious bud induction culture medium: adding 50mL/L coconut water, 0.05mg/L TDZ, 30g/L sucrose, 0.17g/L KH into 1/4MS culture medium 2 PO 4 And 4.5g/L agar, pH5.8; the induction rate of the culture medium is more than 95 percent; the adventitious bud multiplication culture medium comprises: adding 100mL/L coconut water, 0.05mg/L TDZ and 0.25 mg/L6-B into 1/2MS culture mediumA. 30g/L sucrose, 0.17g/L KH 2 PO 4 4.5g/L agar, pH5.8; the multiplication factor of the culture medium is 3.5; the rooting and seedling strengthening culture medium comprises: adding 50g/L banana, 20g/L sucrose, 0.5mg/L IBA, 0.1mg/L NAA, 0.05g/L active carbon and 4.5g/L agar into 1/2MS culture medium, and adjusting pH to 5.8; the average rooting rate using this medium was 100%.
4. Transplanting of tissue culture seedlings
And (4) hardening the tissue culture seedlings after rooting culture for about 30 days under strong illumination for 7 days, and then taking out of the bottle. During transplanting, the rooted seedlings are taken out from a culture bottle, the attached culture medium is cleaned, then the seedlings are soaked for 5min by using a potassium permanganate solution with the mass fraction of 0.1%, the planting matrix is a matrix formed by mixing peat soil and perlite according to the volume ratio of 1: 1, proper humidity and temperature are kept, and the seedlings are placed in a cool and ventilated place for cultivation, so that the survival rate can reach more than 95%. The survived plants can generate new root systems after about 20 days for planting.
5. Planting
Weeds and sundries inside and outside the greenhouse in the planting area are cleaned, soil seams are shoveled, drainage ditches are maintained, and smoothness is kept. Turning over and drying soil for more than 15 days before field planting, and when sandy soil or previous stubble is cucurbitaceous crop, each mu (667 m) 2 ) Mixing 40-60 kg of lime nitrogen with soil, pouring enough bottom water, covering with mulching film for soil disinfection, keeping soil moist, stewing and disinfecting for 15 days, applying base fertilizer, and planting without drug smell. The dosage of the base fertilizer per mu is as follows: 1000kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 25kg of peanut bran powder, N (nitrogen): P 2 O 5 (phosphorus pentoxide): k 2 O (potassium oxide) =15:15:15 of sulfur-containing compound fertilizer 45kg and P 2 O 5 20kg-30kg of 12 percent calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.5kg-1.0kg of borax, 6kg of urea with 46 percent of N and K 2 O is 20kg of potassium sulfate with the concentration of 50%. The base fertilizer is evenly mixed with a soil layer with the thickness of 20cm, then furrows are formed, the furrow width is 1.7m-2.0m, the depth is 20cm-30cm, a drip irrigation tape is laid, and a mulching film is covered. The plant spacing is 0.5-0.6 m (double row planting) and the plant spacing is 0.3-0.35 m (single row planting). In spring, the field planting is preferably carried out when the temperature begins to rise stably, and in summer and autumn, the field planting is preferably carried out 16% in cloudy days or 16% in sunny days. Selecting strong seedlings with the same size in the same greenhouse, protecting the integrity of nutrient soil blocks carried by stems, leaves and roots of the seedlings during field planting, and enabling the depth of the nutrient soil blocks to be equal to the upper surface of the nutrient soil blocksIs preferably flush with the ridge surface. After planting, enough root fixing water must be poured. A cross-shaped planar frame is built by taking bamboo poles, wood, cement columns or steel pipes, nylon ropes, steel wire ropes and the like as bridging materials, and is elevated by 1.8m. 1000-1200 plants are planted per mu, and the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 25-40 ℃.
6. Guiding vines and pruning
When the height of the seedlings is about 50cm, the vines are led to the shelves, and then the vines are led 1 time every 2-3 days.
Pruning: pruning mode: adopts a single-vine single-fruit pruning method.
The lateral vine removing method comprises the following steps: the pruning is forbidden to be carried out by using auxiliary tools such as scissors, the wound caused by pruning is not touched in the operation process, and the side tendrils are removed in sunny days or the weather with lower air humidity.
Pruning before pollination: taking 12 th-18 th lateral branches of the main vine as pre-bearing fruit branches, and timely removing the lateral branches lower than the pre-bearing fruit branches.
Pruning during pollination: and (3) reserving 2 leaves for pinching the pre-seated fruit branches 1 day before the female flowers are opened, timely removing the pre-seated fruit branches with female flowers malformed, thin or incapable of forming the female flowers, reserving 30 leaves on the main vines, and removing main vine growing points with the size of half a meter. During the period of blooming and fruit setting of spring stubbles, rain in sunny days and management should be strengthened in sunny days, and side vines which can not set fruit can be removed in time.
Pruning after fruit setting: timely removing the lateral vines without fruit setting, and if the plant is weak in growth potential, 1-2 lateral vines can be left at the top ends of the main vines.
7. Pollination of insects
An insect attractant is prepared and placed in a container capable of emitting odor (which means that the odor emits to attract insects but is limited not to contact and eat the attractant), and 1 container (plastic box with the capacity of 640-830mL and the upper surface sealed by a 60-mesh insect-proof net and each box loaded with 200-300mL of the attractant) containing the insect attractant is placed in each 200-square shed. When the fruiting vine blooms, the insects such as bees, butterflies, flies or ants and the like are attracted into the shed to collect the pollen and finish pollination through the action of the insect attractant. The insect attractant is prepared by mixing putrescine, peptone and honey in a mass ratio of = 1: 4: 5.
8. Management of fruit enlargement period
And (3) fruit expansion period management: the temperature of the air in the greenhouse is not higher than 40 ℃ or lower than 18 ℃, and the humidity of the air is not higher than 80% for a long time. The relative humidity of the soil is kept at about 85%. Thinning fruits and hanging fruits: when young fruits grow to be big, each plant only selects and leaves 2 young fruits with fresh and tender color, uniform shape, slightly long two ends, health, longer fruit stalks, stout and smaller flower umbilicus, and then removes the rest young fruits and lateral tendrils. The fruits are hung by a packing rope, a string bag and the like, so that the fruit branches and the fruit stalks are in a cross shape. Dressing fruit swelling fertilizer: and (3) starting to additionally apply the fruit swelling fertilizer when the young fruit chicken eggs are large, dissolving the fertilizer, and applying the dissolved fertilizer through a dropper belt, wherein the use concentration and the use amount are as follows: potassium sulfate and N: p 2 O 5 ：K 2 O =21:8: mixing the 12 quick-acting potassium sulfate compound fertilizers according to 1:2, wherein the concentration of the fertilizer in cool weather is 2.0 percent, and each plant is 600-800 mL; the concentration is 1.5 percent when the temperature is higher, and each plant is 800mL-1000mL; or selecting a special biological organic liquid fertilizer to dilute according to the instruction; applied for 1 time every 4 days, and applied for 2-3 times continuously.
9. Management and harvesting of fruit in mature period
Before and after the fruit expansion period is finished, watering is controlled. Gradually reducing the water content of the soil, wherein the relative humidity of the soil is 60% when the soil is mature, and properly supplementing water but not irrigating with large water when the field is too dry during water control; and stopping using the fertilizer and the pesticide 15 days before picking. Harvesting: when the fruit peel is golden yellow, the fruit can be harvested, the harvesting is preferably carried out in the morning, the fruit handle is cut into a T shape, the fruit handle is packaged in a grading way after the harvesting, and the fruit is transported by a melon box which is internally provided with a soft pad and a soft object and is provided with air holes. If the bag cannot be transported away temporarily, the bag should be stored in a shady, ventilated and dry room.
10. Common pest control
The diseases are as follows: damping off, leaf blight, powdery mildew, viral diseases, gummy stem blight, downy mildew, anthracnose, and bacterial diseases; the insect pests are as follows: melon eating fly, yellow (black) melon, aphid, thrips, prodenia litura, diaphania cucullata, leaf miner and the like. Adopts agricultural, biological, chemical and physical control methods. After harvesting the previous stubbles, cleaning the greenhouse and peripheral weeds and fallen leaves, and leveling soil seams; the greenhouse is kept clean in the whole production process; deeply ploughing soil in winter and irrigating in winter; in summer, soil is deeply tedded, watered and braised in a high-temperature greenhouse, and soil disinfection is carried out by combining with lime nitrogen. Temperature and humidity management: the relative humidity of air in the greenhouse is kept to be lower than 80 percent as much as possible, and the air temperature is lower than 40 ℃. And (3) fertilizer and water management: the management of water and fertilizer is enhanced, organic matters are increased, the use of nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, and the drip irrigation system is used for applying the fertilizer according to the formula, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved. Performing rotation: the method is used for planting leaf vegetables, scallion and garlic, green manure or planting strawberries and the like in the empty time of the greenhouse. Physical control: yellow board, frequency vibration insecticidal lamp, sugar-vinegar liquid, sex attractant and the like are used for trapping and killing pests; isolating pests by using an insect-proof net; silver gray membrane is used for avoiding aphids. Chemical control: the leaf surface is sprayed with a protective medicament 2 to 3 times before the permanent planting survives to the powder throwing, and 4000 times of 72 percent agricultural streptoverticinone sulfate soluble powder, 900 times of 60 percent oxazoether-metiram water dispersible granule, 500 to 800 times of 75 percent chlorothalonil wettable powder, 800 times of 70 percent mancozeb wettable powder, 1000 times of 70 percent thiophanate-methyl wettable powder and the like can be alternately used.
Example 2: honeysuckle honeydew melon explant disinfection and tissue culture rapid propagation technical system
The method of this example is the same as the method of step 2 explant sterilization and establishment of tissue culture rapid propagation technology system in example 1, except that the culture medium composition is slightly different. Adventitious bud induction medium used in this example: adding 100mL/L coconut water, 0.1mg/L TDZ, 40g/L sucrose, and 0.34g/L KH into 1/2MS culture medium 2 PO 4 And 5.0g/L agar, pH6.0; the induction rate using this medium was 95%. Adventitious bud propagation medium: adding 150mL/L coconut water, 0.1mg/L TDZ, 1.0 mg/L6-BA, 40g/L sucrose, and 0.34g/L KH into MS culture medium 2 PO 4 5.0g/L agar, pH6.0; the multiplication factor in this medium was 3.5. Rooting and seedling strengthening culture medium: adding 75g/L banana, 30g/L sucrose, 1mg/L IBA, 0.2mg/L NAA, 0.1g/L active carbon and 5.0g/L agar into MS culture medium, and adjusting pH to 6.0; the average rooting rate using this medium was 100%.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example method is the same as the step 2 explant disinfection and the establishment of the tissue culture rapid propagation technical system in the example 1 under the same other conditions, except for the components and the concentration of the adventitious bud propagation medium. Adventitious bud propagation medium of this comparative example: the MS medium was supplemented with 2.0 mg/L6-BA, 0.01 mg/L2,4-D, 30g/L sucrose and 4.5g/L agar, pH 5.8.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example method is the same as the step 2 explant disinfection and the establishment of the tissue culture rapid propagation technical system in the example 1 under the same other conditions, except for the components and the concentration of the adventitious bud propagation medium. Adventitious bud propagation medium of this comparative example: the MS medium was supplemented with 1.5 mg/L6-BA, 0.01 mg/L2,4-D, 30g/L sucrose and 4.5g/L agar, pH 5.8.
The adventitious bud proliferation effect of the golden honey melon after 30 days of culture using the adventitious bud proliferation medium with several different compositions is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of Medium composition on adventitious bud proliferation of honeydew melon
Figure BDA0003830169340000081
Comparative example 3
The comparative example method is the same as the explant disinfection method and the tissue culture and rapid propagation technical system establishment method in the step 2 of the example 1 under the same other conditions, and the difference is the components and the concentration of the used rooting and strong seedling culture medium. The rooting and seedling strengthening culture medium of the comparative example comprises: MS medium was supplemented with 0.5mg/L IBA, 0.05g/L activated charcoal and 4.5g/L agar, pH 5.8.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example method is the same as the explant disinfection method and the tissue culture and rapid propagation technical system establishment method in the step 2 of the example 1 under the same other conditions, and the difference is the components and the concentration of the used rooting and strong seedling culture medium. The rooting and seedling strengthening culture medium of the comparative example comprises: the MS medium was supplemented with 0.05 mg/L2,4-D, 0.2mg/L NAA, 0.6mg/L IBA, 0.05g/L activated carbon and 4.5g/L agar, pH 5.8.
After 30 days of culture using the rooting and seedling strengthening culture media with different compositions, the rooting effect of the golden honey melons is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of Medium composition on rooting of golden honeydew melon
Figure BDA0003830169340000091

Claims (9)

1. A production method of golden honey melons based on excellent strain artificial pollination free is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, screening excellent strains which are oval in shape, golden in fruit color, bright in luster, higher than 17 degrees in fructose degree, 2.5-3.0 kilograms in single fruit weight and strong in comprehensive resistance from a golden honeydew melon plantation;
s2, topping the screened excellent strains to promote new lateral buds;
s3, taking the side buds as explants, disinfecting and cutting the explants into side bud sections with single bud points, then transplanting the side bud sections onto an adventitious bud induction culture medium, culturing for 25-35 days, transferring the side bud sections to an adventitious bud proliferation culture medium for proliferation culture of adventitious buds, culturing for 25-30 days for each generation, then transferring the adventitious buds to a rooting and seedling strengthening culture medium for rooting culture, and culturing until tissue culture seedlings with 3-5 roots and 5-7 cm high are obtained;
the adventitious bud induction culture medium comprises the following components: adding 50-100mL/L coconut water, 0.05-0.1mg/L TDZ, 30-40g/L sucrose, 0.17-0.34g/L KH into 1/4-1/2MS culture medium 2 PO 4 And 4.5-5.0g/L agar, pH 5.8-6.0; the adventitious bud multiplication culture medium comprises: adding 100-150mL/L coconut water, 0.05-0.1mg/L TDZ, 0.25-1.0 mg/L6-BA, 30-40g/L sucrose, 0.17-0.34g/L KH into 1/2-1MS culture medium 2 PO 4 Agar of 4.5-5.0g/L, pH 5.8-6.0; the rooting and seedling strengthening culture medium comprises: adding 50-75g/L banana, 20-30g/L sucrose, 0.5-1mg/L IBA, 0.1-0.2mg/L NAA, 0.05-0.1g/L activated carbon and 4.5-5.0g/L agar into 1/2-1MS culture medium, and adjusting pH to 5.8-6.0;
s4, taking out the tissue culture seedlings from a culture bottle after hardening, cleaning and sterilizing the tissue culture seedlings, and transplanting the tissue culture seedlings into a planting matrix until new root systems are generated to obtain excellent strain seedlings;
s5, planting the seedlings into soil in a cultivation facility, and timely leading vines and pruning; when fruiting vines are bloomed, an insect attractant is placed in the cultivation facility to attract insects to enter the pollen collecting and finish pollination; performing conventional fruit expansion period and mature period management and pest control, and harvesting at proper time; the insect attractant is prepared by mixing putrescine, peptone and honey in a mass ratio of 1: 4: 5.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 of sterilizing and cutting the lateral bud into segments with single bud points comprises: wiping the lateral buds with cotton soaked in 75% ethanol water solution by volume fraction for 3 times, removing leaves, cutting into small segments, each segment containing a bud point, soaking in 75% ethanol water solution by volume fraction for 15s, and washing with sterile water for 1 time; reuse mass fraction of 0.1% 2 Soaking in water solution for 5min, and washing with sterile water for 1 time; then further using HgCl with a mass fraction of 0.1% 2 Soaking in water for 3min, washing with sterile water for 1 time, and adding HgCl at 0.1 wt% 2 Soaking in water solution for 2min, washing with sterile water for 5 times, and blow-drying the surface water of lateral bud segments.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sterilization in step S4 is performed by soaking in 0.1% by weight potassium permanganate solution for 5min, and the planting substrate is a mixture of peat soil and perlite in a volume ratio of 1: 1.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the adventitious bud induction medium: adding 50mL/L coconut water, 0.05mg/L TDZ, 30g/L sucrose, 0.17g/L KH into 1/4MS culture medium 2 PO 4 And 4.5g/L agar, pH 5.8.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the adventitious bud propagation medium: adding 100mL/L coconut water, 0.05mg/L TDZ, 0.25 mg/L6-BA, 30g/L sucrose, and 0.17g/L KH into 1/2MS culture medium 2 PO 4 4.5g/L agar, pH 5.8.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the rooting and seedling strengthening medium: 50g/L banana, 20g/L sucrose, 0.5mg/LIBA, 0.1mg/L NAA, 0.05g/L activated carbon and 4.5g/L agar are added into a 1/2MS culture medium, and the pH value is 5.8.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the adventitious bud induction medium: adding 100mL/L coconut water, 0.1mg/L TDZ, 40g/L sucrose, and 0.34g/L KH into 1/2MS culture medium 2 PO 4 And 5.0g/L agar, pH6.0; the adventitious bud multiplication culture medium comprises: adding 150mL/L coconut water, 0.1mg/L TDZ, 1.0 mg/L6-BA, 40g/L sucrose, and 0.34g/L KH into MS culture medium 2 PO 4 5.0g/L agar, pH6.0; the rooting and seedling strengthening culture medium comprises: the MS culture medium was supplemented with 75g/L banana, 30g/L sucrose, 1mg/L IBA, 0.2mg/L NAA, 0.1g/L activated carbon and 5.0g/L agar, pH 6.0.
8. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said insect attractant is contained in a plastic case whose upper surface is sealed with a 60 mesh insect net, the volume of the insect attractant does not exceed 1/2 of the volume of the plastic case, and 1 plastic case containing 200-300mL of the insect attractant is placed per 200 square sheds.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the culture conditions in step S3 are: the culture temperature is 25 + -2 deg.C, the illumination is 1500-2000lx, and the illumination is 12h/d.
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