CN115368189A

CN115368189A - Active nutrient material for soil improvement and preparation and application methods thereof

Info

Publication number: CN115368189A
Application number: CN202210920441.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张家富
Original assignee: Sinochem Environmental Holdings Ltd
Current assignee: Sinochem Environmental Holdings Ltd
Priority date: 2022-08-02
Filing date: 2022-08-02
Publication date: 2022-11-22

Abstract

The invention discloses an active nutrient material for soil improvement and preparation and application methods thereof, belonging to the technical field of soil improvement. The invention solves the problems of hardening and hardening of land, multiple crop diseases and insect pests, continuous cropping and cultivation obstacle, unbalanced biological diversity and the like caused by the existing compound fertilizer. The invention mixes the compound microorganism bacterium cake, organic material decomposed material, microelement material and inorganic material to prepare the active nutrition material with the function of improving soil, wherein, the microorganism can convert the organic and inorganic mixture and other materials into one or more organic compounds and/or other nutrition components which can be directly absorbed by plants, the active material can lead the microorganism to mix and grow on an inorganic electron donor or carbon source and an organic carbon source, improve the microorganism activity, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improve the soil fertility, and can also produce various bioactive substances to promote the growth of the plants.

Description

Active nutrient material for soil improvement and preparation and application methods thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to an active nutrient material for soil improvement and a preparation method and an application method thereof, belonging to the technical field of soil improvement.

Background

The importance of soil and fertilizer to plants is exactly and vividly summarized by the sentences of 'all-natural soil is born' and 'fertilizer is grain of grain'. The 'food is eaten by people for days and the soil is eaten for the basis' further illustrates that healthy soil is the basis of high-quality agricultural products, and in order to ensure safe dining table and sustainable development, people not only study the action relation between the soil characteristics and plant nutrition, but also study the interrelation between plant growth and health and the interrelation covering agriculture, environment and ecology.

Soil is the basis of agricultural development and is mainly composed of granular structures containing microorganisms, organic and inorganic complexes, and strictly speaking, the components in soil that can be absorbed by plants are minerals and small-molecule organic matters. The sources of the organic matters comprise livestock and poultry manure, urban kitchen waste, industrial and agricultural organic waste resources and related byproducts, compounds of various organic waste resources and the like, some organic matters have the problems that the content of partial heavy metals exceeds the standard, the content of nitrite exceeds the standard, the content of antibiotics and other pollutants exceeds the standard and the like, and once the organic matters enter soil, the organic matters are difficult to eradicate in a short time.

In the past period, the crop cultivation industry mainly increases the yield, and puts emphasis on improving the supply capacity of soil nutrients by adding chemical fertilizers, and only meets the nutrient requirements of crops. Gradually, people recognize that a great amount of chemical fertilizer is thrown into people, so that not only is financial resources consumed and resources wasted, but also environmental non-point pollution is caused by excessive addition, and the problems of hardening and hardening of land, multiple crop diseases and insect pests, continuous cropping cultivation obstacle, diversification and unbalance of land biology and the like are caused.

At present, more scholars turn attention to the aspects of soil maintenance and harmless plant planting, and the direction from singly pursuing yield to paying attention to quality is changed, and the method comprises genetic breeding, agricultural and agricultural machinery combination, water, soil and fertilizer reasonable distribution, planting and breeding combination and biotechnology, so as to face the serious challenge of the problems of grains, resources, environment and the like.

Due to the lack of organic nutrient concerns over a long period of time, soil life has become progressively impaired, which eventually results in the supply levels of soil fertility being out of balance. The existing agricultural production cultivation mode is mainly based on the supply of chemical nutrients, and the investment of major elements mainly comprising nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is a current situation which becomes a soil fertility overdraft agricultural production operation mode. As crop yield increases, its quality is gradually decreasing. And during the growth of the crops, mineral nutrients in the soil are gradually consumed, if the nutrients taken by the crops from the soil are not returned to the soil, the soil becomes barren, major elements (C, H, O, N, P, K, ca, mg and S) and medium trace elements (Fe, B, mn, zn, mo, cu, cl and the like) are taken as the main mineral nutrients required by the growth of the crops, wherein the content of one required mineral nutrient is less than a limit value, and even if other mineral nutrients are rich, the yield and the quality of the crops are difficult to improve, namely the yield of the crops are limited by the minimum nutrient.

In the existing market, most of the N, P and K three elements which are singly adopted as chemical basic raw material fertilizers are 15 percent in proportion: 15:15, in order to better play the role of promoting the growth of crops, a material which combines the nutrition of crops and is beneficial to the improvement of soil fertility is necessary to be provided, meanwhile, the coexistence of microorganisms and chemical fertilizers in the same space is realized, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the decrement application of the fertilizer is realized, and the special compound fertilizer is used for replacing the fertilizer with single nutrient content in the current market.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of hardening and hardening of land, multiple crop diseases and insect pests, continuous cropping cultivation obstacle, biodiversity imbalance and the like caused by the existing compound fertilizer, and aims to provide an active nutrient material for soil improvement and a preparation and application method thereof.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

one purpose of the invention is to provide an active nutrient material for soil improvement, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-8 parts of composite microbial cakes, 28-35 parts of organic material decomposed materials, 4-10 parts of trace element materials and 56-63 parts of inorganic materials.

Further limited, the microelement material is one or more of seaweed meal, volcanic mud, volcanic powder, zeolite powder, oyster shell powder or diatomite which are mixed according to any proportion.

Further, the trace element material is one or more of volcanic mud and/or volcanic powder, seaweed powder and/or oyster shell powder which are mixed in any proportion.

More specifically, the trace element material comprises 1-5 parts of volcanic mud or volcanic powder and 3-5 parts of seaweed powder.

Further, the inorganic material is one or more of ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, urea, disodium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium orthophosphate, monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, calcium carbonate, manganese sulfate, manganese chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, cuprous sulfate, copper chloride, lithium chloride, boric acid, copper selenate and sodium selenite which are mixed in any proportion.

Further limit, the inorganic material is one or more of ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, urea, potassium phosphate, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate and ammonium sulfate which are mixed according to any proportion.

Further limited, the inorganic material comprises 5-10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15-20 parts of potassium nitrate, 10-15 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 5-7 parts of magnesium chloride, 8-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 5-8 parts of urea.

Further limited, the strain for preparing the compound microorganism bacterial cake is one or a mixture of more of endophytic mycorrhiza, exophytic mycorrhiza, orchidaceae mycorrhiza, photinia serrulata mycorrhiza, rhododendron mycorrhiza, arbuscular mycorrhiza, rhizobium, bacillus megaterium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus circulans, white rot fungi, pseudomonas, corynebacterium streptomyces, micromonospora, cellulomonas and trichoderma in any proportion.

Further limiting, the strain for preparing the compound microorganism bacterial cake is one or a mixture of a plurality of arbuscular mycorrhiza, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and pseudomonas in any proportion.

Further limiting, the raw materials for preparing the organic material decomposing material comprise one or more of human and animal excrement, plant straws, kitchen wastes, agricultural product processing wastes, food fermentation leftovers, yeast making residues and mushroom sticks.

Further limiting, the raw materials for preparing the organic material decomposing material are one or more of animal excrement, plant straws and mushroom sticks which are mixed in any proportion.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an active nutrient material for soil improvement, comprising the steps of:

s1, preparing a composite microbial cake;

s2, preparing an organic material decomposing material;

and S3, mixing the composite microbial cakes, the organic material decomposed materials, the trace element materials and the inorganic materials according to a ratio, drying, granulating and the like to obtain particles with the size of 0.25-5mm, and packaging to obtain the active nutrient material.

Further limited, the specific operation process of preparing the compound microbial cake by the S1 comprises the following steps:

(1) And (3) microorganism screening and propagation: culturing the strain using a sterilized bioreactor vessel;

(2) Preparing mother bacteria liquid: carrying out propagation treatment by using bacterial liquid in a homogenizing and stirring reactor to obtain mother bacterial liquid;

(3) And (3) fermentation: mixing the organic fertilizer rotten material, the culture medium solution and the mother fungus solution, flatly paving the mixture on a small tray at a height of 15cm, standing for 3 days, finishing when hyphae appear on the surface, obtaining a compound microbial cake, and placing the compound microbial cake in a closed container or a plastic bag for storage.

Further limiting, the strain culture medium in (1) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 15 parts of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, 2 parts of dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1.5 parts of ammonium chloride, 1 part of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 15 parts of molasses, 5 parts of corn starch, 2 parts of milk powder, 6 parts of ferric ammonium citrate, 3.5 parts of calcium chloride, 6 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 5 parts of zinc chloride, 3 parts of sodium chloride, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate and 33 parts of purified water.

Further limiting the culture conditions in (1) to: the pressure is 0.05-0.12MPa, the working temperature is 38 +/-2 ℃, and the working time is 21-120h.

Further limiting, (1) the biological reaction vessel is a plurality of reaction vessels, the specific first reaction vessel is used for first-level seed culture, the first reactor is cultured until the logarithmic growth phase of the strain, the expanded culture is carried out in the second to nth reactors, and the total viable count and the rate of mixed bacteria per milliliter are measured after the culture is finished.

Further limited, the organic fertilizer decomposed material in (3) is a product obtained by decomposing organic wastes (straws, feces, fungus sticks and the like), namely the organic fertilizer.

Further limiting, the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer decomposed clinker, the culture medium solution and the mother bacteria liquid in the step (3) is 7.

Further limited, the medium solution in (3) consists of: 100ml of sodium bicarbonate, 12mg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 3g of manganese oxide tetrahydrate, 5g of boric acid, 100g of sodium molybdate, 15g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.0g of ammonium chloride, 0.5g of sodium bicarbonate magnesium sulfate, 0.8g of sodium chloride, 40g of ferrous sulfate, 400g of citrate, 80g of peptone, 20g of yeast powder, 50g of microorganism culture solution precipitate and 100g of humic acid.

Further limiting, the specific operation process of preparing the organic material decomposing material by S2 comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing raw materials for preparing the organic material decomposed material, and controlling the water content to be about 60 percent to be used as a composting raw material;

(2) diluting the mother bacteria stock solution by 200-300 times or more with warm water to obtain a diluted bacteria solution;

(3) uniformly spraying the diluted bacterium solution on the composting raw materials according to the mass ratio of the composting raw materials to the diluted bacterium solution of 400;

(4) and (5) finishing the temperature reduction stage, and measuring that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost material reaches 1.

Further limited, the stock solution of the mother bacteria in (2) is a strain culture medium.

And (3) controlling the temperature to be 40-60 ℃, cooling by adopting a pile turning mode when the temperature is too high, and covering and insulating by adopting a film material when the temperature is too low.

And (3) the medium manure pile can evaporate 8% of water in the total amount per day, and the daily aquaculture wastewater (feed residues and animal urine) can be introduced to supplement water and digest liquid organic matters in the process.

Further limit, the width and height of the fertilizer pile in the step (3) are about 4m multiplied by 2m.

Further limiting, (3) the color of the medium fertilizer pile presents uniform dark black; the compost is in a fluffy state when being held by hands; has no odor.

Further defined, the pelletizer used in S3 includes, but is not limited to, one of a disk pelletizer, a drum pelletizer or a compaction extrusion pelletizer for pelletizing.

Further limiting, the mixing process of the compound microbial cake, the organic material decomposed material, the trace element material and the inorganic material in the S3 is as follows: firstly, premixing raw materials with the proportion of less than 10 percent of the total mass, and then mixing the rest raw materials with a larger proportion, so as to avoid the friction and the heat generation to cause the material agglomeration and uniformly mix in a shorter time as far as possible.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of using an active nutrient material for soil improvement, particularly as foliar application to crop plants, soil adjuvant application, plant bio-nutrition, soil residue fertilizer decomposition material or fertilizer application.

Further, the active nutrient material can be compounded with activated water for use, so that the using effect of the active nutrient material is enhanced.

More particularly, the activated water is generally prepared by frequency resonance and a cohesive cyclotron method.

The invention mixes the compound microorganism bacterium cake, organic material decomposed material, microelement material and inorganic material to prepare the active nutrition material which can improve the soil, wherein, the microorganism can convert the organic and inorganic mixture and other materials into one or more organic compounds and/or other nutrition components which can be directly absorbed by the plant, the active material can use the microorganism to mix and grow on the inorganic electron donor or carbon source and the organic carbon source, improve the microorganism activity, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improve the soil fertility, promote the absorption of the plant to the nutrition elements, generate various bioactive substances to promote the plant growth, thereby realizing the yield increase effect to different crops.

Compared with the prior art, the application also has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The active nutrient material provided by the invention integrates microorganisms, organic nutrients and inorganic nutrients, effectively promotes the absorption and transportation of micronutrients in plants, not only overcomes the problems of low nutrients, slow effect and the like of the traditional microbial organic fertilizer, but also meets the requirements of agricultural green development, and can achieve the purposes of reducing the using amount of chemical fertilizers, increasing the yield, improving the quality and the like. Meanwhile, the coexistence of microorganisms and chemical fertilizers in the same space is realized, the microorganisms convert the fertilizers into components which can be directly absorbed by crops, the utilization rate of the fertilizers is improved, and the decrement application of the fertilizers is realized.

(2) The plant root system is used for absorbing substances in soil in an ion form and a small molecular organic matter form. The main component of organic matters in soil is a mixture of various macromolecular carbon-containing compounds, and the organic matters are decomposed into micromolecular substances under the action of microorganisms and partial plant secretions, so that the micromolecular organic matters are decomposed into micromolecular organic matters to be absorbed by the soil microorganisms.

(3) The active nutrient material provided by the invention provides mineral nutrients for plants, decomposes phosphorus elements into available phosphorus, and nutrients generated by the biological metabolic process of microorganisms can be used for recycling agriculture, vegetable and fruit, facility agriculture, cultivation symbiosis or water culture systems. The mycorrhiza can make the community structure generate difference, can obviously change the biomass of some species, can also form a wide hypha net underground, and nutrients and assimilates are transported among different individuals through the hypha net, so that the crop yield is increased by at least about 5-30% or even higher, the conventional chemical nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by at least about 5-50% or even higher, and the soil organic matter is increased by about 40-150% or even higher.

(4) The active nutrient material provided by the invention can condition soil, activate microbial activity in soil, overcome soil hardening, increase air permeability of soil, prevent and treat various fungal diseases and bacterial diseases and inhibit viral diseases. Meanwhile, the composition can effectively prevent and treat the plant root diseases, has very outstanding prevention and treatment effects, enhances the disease resistance and immunity of crops, and can be widely applied to agricultural production.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the total amount applied and the yield per mu change in different planting areas of example 2.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, methods and apparatus used, unless otherwise specified, are conventional in the art and are commercially available to those skilled in the art.

Example 1:

the active nutrient material for improving soil of the embodiment comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5 parts of composite microbial cakes, 2 parts of volcanic mud, 35 parts of organic material decomposed materials, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of potassium nitrate, 10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 3 parts of magnesium chloride, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5 parts of urea and 3 parts of seaweed meal.

This example describes the specific process for preparing an active nutrient material for soil improvement, which was carried out as follows:

step 1, preparing a compound microbial cake, which comprises the following specific operation processes:

wherein the strain culture medium comprises the following components in parts by mass: 15 parts of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, 2 parts of dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1.5 parts of ammonium chloride, 1 part of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 15 parts of molasses, 5 parts of corn starch, 2 parts of milk powder, 2 parts of ferric ammonium citrate, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of sodium chloride, 1.5 parts of ammonium sulfate and purified water. The strain is a composite strain, and mainly comprises various functional microorganisms such as azotobacter, phosphorus-dissolving bacteria, potassium-dissolving bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, growth-promoting bacteria and the like, and one or more microorganisms obtained by performing harmless treatment on the microorganisms and animal and plant residues or decomposed organic matters. Including but not limited to, autotrophic corynebacteria, microorganisms are rhodopseudomonas meyeri, rhodopseudomonas palustris, rhodobacter sphaeroides, bacillus subtilis, etc. The culture conditions were: the pressure is 0.1MPa, the working temperature is 38 +/-2 ℃, and the working time is 65h.

(2) Preparing mother bacteria liquid: homogenizing the bacteria liquid in the reactor by adopting a homogenizing stirrer to obtain mother bacteria liquid;

(3) Fermentation: mixing the organic fertilizer rotten material, the culture medium solution and the mother fungus solution, flatly paving the mixture on a small tray at a height of 15cm, standing for 3 days until hyphae appear on the surface, obtaining a composite microbial cake, and placing the composite microbial cake in a closed container or a plastic bag for storage;

wherein the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer rotten clinker to the culture medium solution to the mother bacteria liquid is 7. The medium solution consists of: 100ml of sodium bicarbonate, 12mg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 3g of manganese oxide tetrahydrate, 5g of boric acid, 100g of sodium molybdate, 15g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.0g of ammonium chloride, 0.5g of sodium bicarbonate magnesium sulfate, 0.8g of sodium chloride, 40g of ferrous sulfate, 400g of citrate, 80g of peptone, 20g of yeast powder, 50g of microorganism culture solution precipitate and 100g of humic acid.

Step 2, preparing the organic material decomposed material, wherein the specific operation process comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing raw materials for preparing the organic material decomposed material, and controlling the water content within 60 percent to be used as a compost material;

wherein the preparation process of the organic material decomposing material comprises the following steps: the raw materials are animal waste and corn straw 2 in a ratio of 1, the water amount is controlled to be about 60%, and the raw materials are mixed step by step to achieve uniform water content correction; turning the material pile once when the temperature of the material pile is more than 50 ℃; raising the temperature to over 60 ℃, and turning over the pile for the second time; the whole fermentation period is 3 times of pile turning, and the fermentation time is 23 days.

(2) Diluting the stock solution of the mother bacteria by 240 times with water to obtain diluted bacteria solution;

wherein the stock solution of the mother bacteria is a strain culture medium. The usage amount of the decomposed organic matters is 5000 in spring and autumn according to the climate: 1 and winter 2500:1, the summer is halved compared with spring and autumn. Namely 2500 parts in winter correspond to 1 part of bacterial liquid.

(3) Uniformly spraying the diluted bacterium liquid on the compost material according to the mass ratio of the compost material to the diluted bacterium liquid of 400;

wherein, the water content of 8 percent of the total amount of the fertilizer can be evaporated in the fertilizer piling process, and the daily aquaculture wastewater (feed residue, animal feces and urine) can be introduced to supplement the water content.

(4) And after the temperature reduction stage is finished, measuring that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost material reaches 1.

Step 3, preparing the active nutrient material, wherein the specific operation process comprises the following steps:

uniformly mixing the composite microbial cake, the organic material decomposed material, the trace element material and the inorganic material according to a ratio, drying, granulating to obtain particles with the size of 0.25-5mm, and packaging to obtain the active nutrient material.

Wherein, the mixing process of the compound microbial bacteria cake, the organic material decomposed material, the trace element material and the inorganic material is as follows: firstly, premixing a plurality of raw materials accounting for about 10 percent of the total mass, and then mixing the rest raw materials accounting for more than 10 percent of the total mass, so as to uniformly mix in a short time as far as possible.

Effect example 1:

the Nuomearflood farm is located in the west of the Qinghai province and has an average altitude of 2600m. The cutting seedlings are mostly adopted for planting the medlar in the Nuomuchong farm, the planting time is long, the water and fertilizer management measures are unreasonable, the occurrence of root rot can be aggravated, the main pathogenic bacteria of the root rot of the medlar is fusarium solani and belongs to fungi of deuteromycotina, and the disease is the main disease of medlar planting in the Nuomuchong areaOne of them is serious harm and difficult in prevention and treatment. According to investigation, the area with serious root rot disease is 8000 mu, and almost ten thousand mu is infected sporadically. 4-5 months per year, the root system of the Chinese wolfberry is in the early development stage of each year, and the Chinese wolfberry is irrigated by large water flood, so that a large amount of CO is accumulated around the root system ₂ 、H ₂ S, etc., and Ca, the cell wall of root system ²⁺ The loss, the exosmosis of cell sap, the cell death, the root system necrosis, simultaneously a large amount of fusarium proliferates, infects, moves up to the main root from the root tip gradually, so that the whole root system is rotten. The average death rate in the field caused by root rot is 14 percent and can reach 38 percent at most in 6-9 months per year.

The active nutrient material prepared in example 1 was used for planting lycium ruthenicum in Qinghai (conducted in 5 months in 2021), and the specific experimental steps were carried out in three steps:

(1) Firstly, performing conventional disinfection treatment on the Qinghai medlar crops by using carbendazim, mancozeb or hypochlorous acid disinfectant;

(2) Then the active nutrient material prepared in the example 1 is adopted to be matched with the mother solution to repair the root system of the plant body;

(3) Specifically, the active nutrient material prepared in example 1 was applied to the soil for planting the Qinghai medlar crop at an amount of 0.5-1.0 kg/plant.

In 8 months of the year, diseased Qinghai medlar plants start to sprout again, and the root system also starts to breed new roots.

Effect example 2:

jilin wheat and spring wheat were sown at the end of 3 months in 2021, at a sowing rate of 18 kg/mu, and 5 test areas were set up in total. And applying 750 kg of organic farmyard manure and 500 kg/mu of crop straw returning field to the field along with the field turning test plots, respectively applying a commercial compound fertilizer to the area 1 and applying the soil remediation material prepared in the example 1 to other test areas, and applying the soil remediation material for 3 times at the seedling stage.

The area and the application amount are respectively as follows:

area 1 (15-15-15 commercial compound fertilizer; 16.7 kg/acre with plowing, 20 kg/acre by 3 topdresses), area 2 (soil remediation material prepared in example 1; 5 kg/acre with plowing, 8 kg/acre by 3 topdresses), area 3 (soil remediation material prepared in example 1; 6.7 kg/acre with plowing, 15 kg/acre by 3 topdresses), area 4 (soil remediation material prepared in example 1; 15 kg/acre with plowing, 13.3 kg/acre by 3 topdresses), area 5 (soil remediation material prepared in example 1; 13.3 kg/acre with plowing, 16.7 kg/acre by 3 topdresses).

The growth period of spring wheat is 96 days. Sowing in 1 day in 4 months, and taking out soil in 16 days in 4 months for 15 days; the three-leaf stage is started after 26 days in 4 months for 10 days; 5 months and 1 day, the tillering stage is started, and the total time is 5 days; entering the jointing stage at 5 months and 18 days for 17 days; the pregnancy period is 6 months and 4 days, and the total time is 17 days; the heading period is started in 14 days after 6 months, and the total period is 10 days; entering milk stage in 23 days after 6 months for 9 days; 7 months and 6 days towards maturity, for 13 days.

During the mature period, the yield is measured (according to the mu yield), and the result shows that the wheat yield is represented by area 5 (337.72 kg/mu), area 4 (334.62 kg/mu), area 3 (318.82 kg/mu), area 2 (293.31 kg/mu), area 1 (260.80 kg/mu).

And the growth conditions of the wheat in different areas are counted, and the results are shown in the following table:

the results show that the soil remediation material prepared by the invention not only obviously increases the yield of wheat, but also obviously makes the wheat plant more robust. Wherein the average plant height is increased by 14.2-22.6%, the average ear length is increased by 24.22-68.4%, the average spikelet number is increased by 14.0-47.4%, the average ear grain number is increased by 12.6-40.8%, the average dry root weight is increased by 17.7-49.6%, the average dry stem and leaf weight is increased by 2.8-12.9%, the average dry ear weight is increased by 2.7-9.1%, the average dry grain weight is increased by 2.9-10.8%, and the average hundred grain weight is increased by 15.3-46.5%. Compared with the commercial compound fertilizer, the soil remediation material prepared by the invention has the advantages that the yield per mu is increased by 12.5-29.5% on the premise that the total application amount is reduced by 18.2-64.5%, which shows that the soil remediation material prepared by the embodiment can convert the fertilizer into components directly absorbed by crops, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the using amount of the fertilizer can be reduced.

By spline fitting results, as shown in figure 1, the yield per mu has slowed down, although increasing with increasing soil remediation material application. Therefore, the single-season application amount of the soil remediation material prepared by the application is preferably 28.3-29.2 kg/mu (about 30 kg).

Effect example 3:

the cultivation of various high-quality grape varieties including purple crisp, kyoho, rosewood, red pearl and the like is planted in Zibo city HvHui county in Shandong province. However, in recent years, due to the fact that a proper amount of chemical fertilizers cannot be used properly, self-made farmyard manure is not fermented fully, and the problems of seedling burning and root rot, frequent diseases and insect pests, soil acidification and root nematode existence are caused. In order to improve the local grape quality and repair damaged soil for many years, the soil repair material prepared in example 1 of the present invention was applied.

In 2021, planting points A, B, C and D in four different areas in a grape plantation in Gaoqing county are selected to test red pearl grape plants, and the planting row spacing is 1.5m multiplied by 0.5m. A (75 g of a commercially available 15-15-15 compound fertilizer), B (25 g of a soil remediation material), C (30 g of a soil remediation material) and D (40 g of a soil remediation material) were applied to each root during the inflorescence period, the post-flower-drop period, the fruit expansion period and the maturity period, respectively. The appearance and composition of the fruit at the four planting points were analyzed after the fruit was ripe. The results are shown in the following table:

as can be seen from the above table, the soil restoration material applied in the patent is stronger than the plants cultivated by the traditional fertilizer, wherein the median pulse length is increased by 22.5-37.9%, and the leaf width is increased by 11.5-15.9%. The fruit grains are obviously fuller, the longitudinal diameter is increased by 23.4-32.2%, the transverse diameter is increased by 24.6-36.0%, and the single grain weight is increased by 26.5-45.3%. In addition, the soil remediation material was found to grow less at 40g application rate relative to 30g, indicating that the optimum addition dosage has been approached. Therefore, the addition amount of the soil remediation material prepared by the method is preferably 30-35 g.

Planting point	Titratable acid content/%)	Soluble solids content/%)	Vitamin C content/(mg/kg)
				A	0.56	18.7	120
B	0.48	21.6	135
				C	0.41	23.9	159
D	0.38	26.7	168

The table shows that the titratable acid content of the fruits is remarkably reduced, and is reduced by 14.3-32.1% compared with the traditional fertilization. While the soluble solid content is increased by 15.5-42.8%, and the content of vitamin C is increased by 12.5-40.0%. In substantial agreement with the above results, the soil remediation material prepared by the present invention is preferably added in an amount of 30-35 g. Therefore, compared with the traditional fertilizer, the soil remediation material prepared by the invention has the advantages that under the condition that the using amount of the traditional fertilizer is reduced by 50-66.7%, stronger plants, larger fruit grains and higher nutrient content are obtained.

Effect example 4:

tea leaves are planted in West county in Hanzhong city for a long time, and in order to improve the quality of the tea trees and the tea leaves, the soil remediation material is adopted. A50 kg/mu of commercial compound fertilizer, B30 kg/mu of soil remediation material and C30 kg/mu of soil remediation material are applied to a tea garden in a county at the end of 9 months in 2020, respectively applying A50kg, 30kg,40kg (commercial compound fertilizer), B25kg, 10kg,15kg (soil remediation material), C30kg, 15kg and 20kg (soil remediation material) to three groups of tea trees in the spring (one month before tea picking), early summer (about 5 months and 10 days) and autumn (about 8 months and 10 days) of the next year in one growth period.

The sprouting density of the young shoots of different test points in different periods is counted, and the result is shown in the following table:

the quality components of the tea leaves are analyzed, and the results are shown in the following table:

as can be seen from the above table, compared with the traditional compound fertilizer, the total amount of the soil remediation material applied all year round can be reduced by 45.8-58.3%, and the quality of plants and tea leaves is obviously improved. Wherein the improvement of the sprout density of the young sprout in 3-5 months is 14.2-22.1%,10.5-19.1% and 27.1-34.3%, respectively. The quality of the tea is improved more obviously, the content of the water extract is improved by 14.6 to 22.0 percent, the content of the tea polyphenol is improved by 15.4 to 38.5 percent, the content of the caffeine is improved by 11.1 to 17.8 percent, and the content of the total amount of free amino acid is improved by 14.3 to 35.7 percent.

Effect example 5:

the problems of ginger blast, frequent pest and disease damage, slow growth of the ginger in seedling stage, high death rate and the like caused by continuous cropping of the ginger in Linquan county of Anhui province. The continuous planting is often carried out for more than 3 years, the yield is reduced by 20 to 30 percent, and the yield can be reduced to 50 percent seriously.

The method is applied to a ginger plantation in a Linquan county which is fallow for one year due to continuous cropping hazards, a commonly-used and commercially-available 16-16-16 compound fertilizer group (A) is arranged and applied, and a soil remediation material recovery group (B) prepared by the method is applied. Planting row spacing of about 50cm and plant spacing of about 15cm, planting 10-12 ten thousand plants/hm ² . Applying base fertilizer to group A in 4 months and 10 days (600 kg/hm) ² ) + sowing, applying soil remediation material (400 kg/hm) to group B ² ) And (9) sowing. Group A was then applied three times (150 kg/hm) at 6 months, 5 days, 7 months, 1 day, 8 months, 10 days ² ，300kg/hm ² ，150kg/hm ² ) A compound fertilizer. The group B is divided into three times (100 kg/hm) in 6 months, 5 days, 7 months, 1 day, 8 months and 10 days ² ，200kg/hm ² ，120kg/hm ² ) Applying a soil remediation material. Harvesting fresh ginger within 10 months and 12 days.

Statistics are carried out on the growth conditions of the gingers, and the results are shown in the following table:

treatment method	Average plant height/cm	Average diameter/mm	Yield/kg hm ^-2
				Commercial compound fertilizer (A)	100.53	8.14	36.79
Soil remediation materials (B)	115.86	9.96	55.97

As can be seen from the above table, by applying the soil remediation material, the average plant height of the zingiber officinale is increased by 15.25%, the average diameter of the zingiber officinale is increased by 22.36%, the yield of the zingiber officinale is increased by 52.13% relative to a control group applied with a commercial compound fertilizer, and more importantly, the yield of the zingiber officinale is obviously increased (by about 10-12%) relative to the yield before the continuous cropping and the yield reduction.

And further observation shows that 12-17% of the ginger plants in the group A applied with the compound fertilizer have ginger bacterial wilt, which is characterized in that the leaves are yellow, the edges of the leaves are curled, the ginger blocks are brown, and the interior is soft and even rotten. 8% of plants find pests and diseases such as borers, grubs and the like, and analysis is considered to be an important reason for the reduction of the yield of the gingers caused by continuous cropping. While in group B all leaves are dark green, only a small part (< 3%) of the leaves turn yellow slightly, all fleshy stems have no obvious symptoms, and no other harmful germs and insect pests are found. The beneficial microorganisms in the soil remediation material are judged to provide various nutrient substances required by the root system of the ginger through comprehensive analysis, and simultaneously inhibit and/or kill germs and worm eggs hidden in the soil. Through further analysis and observation, the soil fertility reduction caused by planting for many years is also one of the causes of yield reduction of the ginger planting. By comparing the soil before the cultivation (sampling at 4 months and 1 day) and the soil components after the harvest of the gingers, the soil nutrient before the cultivation is in the national standard grade 5-6, the soil nutrient is improved to the grade 4-5 after the application of the commercial compound fertilizer, and the soil nutrient is increased to the grade 2 standard after the application of the soil repairing material. The results are shown in the following table:

in conclusion, the soil remediation material prepared by the method improves the yield under the condition that the total application amount is reduced by 33.3 percent compared with the conventional commercial 16-16-16 compound fertilizer in the ginger cultivation process. Meanwhile, the occurrence of ginger germs and plant diseases and insect pests is effectively reduced, the soil fertility of the cultivation field is maintained and enhanced, and favorable conditions are provided for continuous cropping cultivation of ginger.

Effect example 6:

the soil active nutrient material is nutrient food of crops, and the good fertilizer has strong biological activity and biological diversity so as not to damage the land and provide absorbable nutrients for the crops.

The biological activity means that the soil active nutrient material is living, and the content components can generate biological change along with the contact with air, moisture and soil, and the main phenomena are as follows: (1) the organic matter unit of the whole becomes high; (2) the total water-soluble phosphorus becomes high; (3) the total microbial count is high; (4) the number of amino acids became high.

Plants cannot directly absorb chemical nutrients, and need to be metabolized into smaller organic matters depending on microorganisms, so that the smaller organic matters are absorbed into the plant body through water. The higher the organic matter is, the easier it is to attract more local microorganisms to breed.

And (3) testing groups:

(1) Soil active nutrient materials (active fertilizers with soil improvement);

(2) Chemical compound fertilizer (taking a formula of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium close to 15-15-15 on the market);

(3) Organic fertilizer (any organic fertilizer on the market can be taken, and a plurality of samples can be taken).

The quantities were run at the usual laboratory specifications (100-500 grams).

And (3) testing process:

A. test groups will be listed on day one: (1) The samples (1) to (3) were subjected to the analysis of the components, and the specific analysis indexes are shown in Table 1 below.

B. Thereafter, the samples (1) to (3) of the same group were sprayed with a little water on the surface, mixed with stirring (optimum humidity of 30%), exposed to air with the lid open, and left to stand for 7 days.

C. The same compositional analysis assay as in step a was performed again on day seven.

D. The rest time was taken to ensure that the same sample had 30% moisture.

E. The same samples (1) to (3) were assayed again after 14 days. The standing time ensured that the same sample had a moisture content of 30%.

F. The same samples of (1) to (3) were assayed again after 30 days.

G. In this case, the amino acid test was performed in an extra step.

H.30 days later, the assay was terminated and the elements in the sample assay reports of (1) - (3) were compared.

I. The temperature is kept above 15 ℃ in the whole process.

The sample detection data comparison needs important matters to be concerned: a change in the number of microorganisms; the amount of water soluble phosphorus varies; the total amount of organic matter changes; the total amount of amino acids was varied.

The test is carried out in northeast geography of Chinese academy of sciences, and the specific analysis indexes are as follows, and are converted into percentage (unit:%) for the convenience of understanding:

some more than normal variation (proven to be viable) was observed with each assay:

the overall organic matter quantity is increasing.

The amount of water-soluble phosphorus also increases.

The sum of the amount of organic matter and chemical components will exceed 100%.

This means that the full nutrient active soil active nutrient material is a "live thing", and the task of "activating" the land can be performed after the soil is laid down.

The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, trace elements and organic matters are all gathered together, and at present, no complete soil active nutrient material capable of replacing the fertilizer exists in the market.

The measured data are as follows:

although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. An active nutrient material for soil improvement is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 5-8 parts of composite microbial cakes, 28-35 parts of organic material decomposed materials, 4-10 parts of trace element materials and 56-63 parts of inorganic materials.

2. The active nutrient material for soil improvement according to claim 1, wherein the trace element material is one or a mixture of more of seaweed meal, volcanic mud, volcanic powder, zeolite powder, oyster shell powder and diatomite.

3. The active nutrient material for soil improvement according to claim 2, wherein the trace element material comprises 1-5 parts of volcanic mud and/or volcanic powder and 3-5 parts of seaweed powder and/or oyster shell powder.

4. The active nutrient material for soil improvement according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material is one or a mixture of several of ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, urea, disodium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium orthophosphate, monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, calcium carbonate, manganese sulfate, manganese chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, cuprous sulfate, cupric chloride, lithium chloride, boric acid, copper selenate and sodium selenite.

5. The active nutrient material for soil improvement according to claim 4, wherein the inorganic material comprises 5-10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15-20 parts of potassium nitrate, 10-15 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 5-7 parts of magnesium chloride, 8-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 5-8 parts of urea.

6. The active nutrient material for soil improvement according to claim 1, wherein the strain for preparing the composite microbial cake is one or a mixture of more of endophytic mycorrhiza, exomycorrhiza, orchid mycorrhiza, photinia serrulata mycorrhiza, rhododendron mycorrhiza, arbuscular mycorrhiza, rhizobium, bacillus megaterium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus circulans, white rot fungus, pseudomonas, streptomyces corynebacteria, micromonospora, cellulomonas and trichoderma.

7. The active nutrient material for soil improvement according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials for preparing the organic material decomposed material comprise one or more of human and animal excrement, plant straws, kitchen wastes, agricultural product processing wastes, food fermentation leftovers, yeast production residues and mushroom sticks.

8. A method of preparing an active nutrient material for soil improvement of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

s1, preparing a compound microbial cake;

(2) Preparing a mother fungus solution: carrying out propagation treatment on the bacterial liquid by adopting a homogeneous stirring reactor to obtain mother bacterial liquid;

s2, preparing an organic material decomposing material;

(1) mixing raw materials for preparing the organic material decomposed material and controlling the water content to be used as composting raw materials;

(2) diluting the mother bacteria stock solution by 200-300 times with warm water to obtain diluted bacteria solution;

(3) uniformly spraying the diluted bacterium solution on the composting raw materials according to the mass ratio of the composting raw fertilizer materials to the diluted bacterium solution of 400;

(4) after the temperature reduction stage is finished, determining that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost material reaches 1;

and S3, mixing the composite microbial cakes, the organic material decomposed materials, the trace element materials and the inorganic materials according to a certain proportion, drying and granulating to obtain particles with the size of 0.25-5mm, and packaging to obtain the active nutrient material.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer decomposed clinker, the culture medium solution and the mother liquor in (3) is 7.

10. An active nutrient material prepared by the method of claim 1 for use in foliar application to a plant, application to a soil adjuvant, application to a plant biostimulant, plant nutrient, or fertilizer.