CN1153678A - 插有棉麻织品的静电织维过滤布 - Google Patents

插有棉麻织品的静电织维过滤布 Download PDF

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CN1153678A
CN1153678A CN96107566A CN96107566A CN1153678A CN 1153678 A CN1153678 A CN 1153678A CN 96107566 A CN96107566 A CN 96107566A CN 96107566 A CN96107566 A CN 96107566A CN 1153678 A CN1153678 A CN 1153678A
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大卫·L·尼尔森
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/06—Filters making use of electricity or magnetism
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/498—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • D04H13/02—Production of non-woven fabrics by partial defibrillation of oriented thermoplastics films
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
    • D04H3/045—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles for net manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0435—Electret
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0613—Woven
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0627—Spun-bonded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0654—Support layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0659—The layers being joined by needling

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明为一种插有棉麻织品之静电织维过滤布及其制造方法，本发明被供给的是电子电荷织维的非织物，以针刺法针刺至稀松窗帘用布支持物，本织物提供一过滤介质使得在压降、织物单位重量和过滤执行上增加一致性。

Description

插有棉麻织品的静电织维过滤布
本发明涉及形成驻极体(electret)非织过滤器的制造方法以及由该方法得到的产品。
驻极体织维的非织物典型形式是松散的联合织维，此类过滤器可以在于形成非织物之前、期间或之后被静电充电。例如二次成形充电被描述在美国专利第4,588,537号中，其充电了的非织物是由不同的方法包括梳理和熔喷法所形成。这些织物应在压缩情况下被充电，然后被允许回复至它们最初之高度。如本申请下面所述，预充电织维最好有两个极，因此它们趋向于抵抗卷缩。当使用本发明的充电方法可以通过预卷缩来避免。
当它们形成时，织维也可以被充电，如揭示在kubik等的美国专利第4,215,682号中的那样，其中熔喷织维在一被由熔喷孔挤压出后立刻被离子或电子所碰撞，织维在空气中极快速地固化且被收集和半互相密合着的纠缠微织维圈，此织物较佳的是被描述当做液体通过过滤器，打开以提供压力差。
一种特别有效的形成非织驻极体织维过滤器的方法被描述在美国再颁专利第30,782号(Van Turnout等)中，本发明之驻极体织维由被原织化之电荷织维的冠状电荷薄膜所形成，此电荷织维可以通过诸如梳理或气流成网等普通方法形成非织物。本充电方法提供了一特别高密度的注入电荷。然而，问题是随着这些预充电织维所形成的织物被遭遇到，这些织维通常都十分大且不卷缩，它们也反抗弯曲。因为这些性质的一部份，这类织维反抗形成一个有条理的织物，特别是亚低单位组织重量。这个问题的一部份已经申请在美国专利第4,363,682号，此专利申请使用如filibrated织维织物在正面遮蔽。为了提供更有条理的织物，如同为了反抗脱落织维，本专利提出一后压花处理，本后压花接合外部表面织维在一起，依此提供一在使用上较一致性且舒适性较好的织物，如同正面遮蔽。然而，本方法也将趋向于导致较凝结织物，此点在过滤器上可能增加压力损失。
本发明的一致性驻极体织维织物过滤器的获得是通过带电荷织维织物之形成，放置带电荷织维织物在一开放本质上是不可伸展的稀松窗帘用布材料上且接着以针刺法针刺此复合材料以提供一高度一致的过滤织物。
图1是依据本发明方法的较佳方法的概要表示。
图2是本发明过滤器和不使用稀松窗帘用布之三种性质差异系数对公称织物单位重量之百分比减少图。
图1代表的是关于本发明实际之装置配置1，原织化织维通过梳理机2而形成进入到非织物10，此织物之后被送入至随机分布器(randomizer)3以增加单位重量，此典型随机分布器可以被设定为互相串套之金属丝(例如，V-针槽)辊。此外，第二织物(没有显示)可以被梳理机2所释放，经相同的处理，然后连结至织物10，此点允许在单位重量选择上具有较大的弹性。稀松窗帘用布11被由供给辊4馈入至过滤织物10上面。然而，稀松窗帘用布11也可以被馈入梳理机2之上游，因此织物10′被安置在稀松窗帘用布11之上，较佳之配置是稀松窗帘用布被使用在两外层之中间层，此藉由用同一编号之第2′梳理机显示在图1。同样，第二织物可以在梳理机2′被释放然后连至织物10′，而织物10和10′会有不同的单位重量，这两种织物的使用特别提供了一致性的低变化性的过滤器织物。
这类预充电织维较佳的是通过美国再颁专利第30,782和31,285号所描述的方法所形成。就目前情况，这类织维是由一静电荷薄膜被形成(例如，通过冠状发射电极)，织维先被原织化，再以本质是垂直交叉的提供出织维。
织物10和稀松窗帘用布11被送入到针刺站5，在织物10通过针刺的作用被连结以形成过滤织物12，此针刺较佳的是穿透过织物层，首先，坚固地横置织维进入到稀松窗帘用布，然后促使织维与稀松窗帘用布连结，且较佳的配置是以织物10′当作织维的衬底，此针刺可以被安排来穿透过滤织物12混合物，大约每平方厘米10至300个洞。然而，较高的针刺密度有助于紧密过滤织物12，经过过滤器增加压力损失。每平方公分针刺最好少于75个洞，针刺法连结混合物然后收集在卷取辊6，便于其后之转换。
典型情况下，由梳理操作所形成之织物是各向异性的，而在机器方向具有较大的织维顺向性，一般在此方向允许织物处理稳定性。然而，较低之织物单位重量，较不容易处理。实际上，在过去为了改进非织物之易处理性，曾经对织物针刺以增加织维间键结，然而，就已经发现的，一般这将造成驻极体织物一致性的分裂，此织物一致性之分裂的问题，特别是当随机分布器被使用来增加公称单位重量时更严重。
而非预期的是，使用针刺法处理驻极体原织化非织物，当针刺至下层稀松窗帘用布支持物时，可以大大增加驻极体织物之一致性已经被发现，特别好的一致性结果也已被得到。在此，两织物被针刺至两织物间之稀松窗帘用布，这些稀松窗帘用布支持的过滤织物的系数变化显著的不同于制备时不合稀松窗帘用布支持物的相似织物。
本稀松窗帘用布材料可以是任何已知之强化稀松窗帘用布，织物或非织物均可，非织的稀松窗帘用布。较佳的一般是以公开的成本和等级为依据，本稀松窗帘用布材料，较佳的也可以是聚合物。为了能够再利用之目的，较佳的是使用能够与驻极体非织物相容之聚合物，一种非织物材料的稀松窗帘用布一般可以被处理以增加张力性质，例如热压花，calandaring，声波键结(sonic bonding)，织维用粘合剂或类似方法，一种典型的稀松窗帘用布材料可以是防粘的聚丙烯非织物。
预充电驻极体织维较佳的可能是由冠状电荷和原织化之非传电性薄膜所形成，适合的薄膜形成材料，包括聚稀类，例如聚丙烯，线性低密度聚乙烯，聚-1-丁烯，聚四氟乙烯，聚三氟氯乙烯；或聚氯乙烯；芳香族聚芳香烃；如聚苯乙烯；聚碳酸酯；聚酯；和共聚合物和它们之掺合物，较佳的是无烷基分枝之聚烯类和它们的共聚物，特别好的是聚丙烯和聚丙烯的共聚物。先有技术不同作用的添加物可以和不导电性之聚合物或共聚合物掺合在一起，例如，聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯)如美国专利第4,873,399号所提，脂肪酸金属盐如美国专利第4,789,504号所揭示或微粒子如由美国专利第4,456,648号所提。
本发明可以被了解，如同应用在其它形成电荷织维至织物的方法，包括气流成网，静电沉降，兰多织物(Rando Webs)和类似方法，随着形成电荷织维进入一致性织物，类似问题会随着这些织物之形成方法而被遇到。
一种原织化非织织维织物，依据描述在图1使用一随机分布器和稀松窗帘用布(实例C1-C5)之装置所制造，此稀松窗帘用布是以三明治形成介于梳理机2和2′所形成织物之间，使用之织维是依据美国再颁专利第30,782号所形成之聚丙烯原织化驻极体，这些织维被用来与未嵌入稀松窗帘用布之类似织物做比较，被嵌入之稀松窗帘用布是商业上可以得到之单位重量大约是10克/m2(LutrasilTM，得自Karl Freudenberg，Kaiserslautern，德国)之防粘的柔软织品。
织物之单位重量(BW)是通过称一面积为100cm2之圆盘而决定，再转换成克/m2，测量穿透力和压力降的方法是用TSI自动过滤测试机(Automatic Filter Testing machine，型式8110，TSI公司，Minneapolis，MN)依据测试面积50m2和0.2m/s空气速度之条件所测得。空气包含NaCl气悬体，其中穿透力是以过滤器中NaCl之顺流和逆流浓度的比例除以100，变异第数(COV)被定义为标准偏差和单位重量之比例，其是由织物上至少7个位置采取样品之织物性质来计算，这些结果完成于表1和2。
质量因素Q被定义为数学式为： Q = - ln ( % p / 100 ) ΔP 其中％p是穿透力百分比，ΔP是压力降，单位为Pascal，且ln表自然对数。此值总是为正且随着穿透力之减少而增加，相反的，当压力降增加，则Q值减少，Q值通常是一种指标但与单位征无关，因此，Q值可能可以被用来比较不同单位重量之织物的过滤性能。
                                                  表1
    实例   平均g/m2   平均Ql/Pa     平均ΔP     平均％P     ％COVBW     ％COVΔP     ％COV％P
    1     60.2     0.21     5.0     17.90     5.6     9.7     8.7
    2     93.6     0.19     10.0     15.80     5.1     8.2     7.0
    3     153.7     0.15     23.10     3.39     2.8     6.7     13.9
    4     207.9     0.14     31.5     1.39     4.1     6.7     20.9
    5     260.8     0.11     45.2     0.58     3.7     6.0     13.6
                                                   表2
   型式   平均BW′g/m2   ％COV BW     平均％P   ％COV％P     ΔP Pa   ％COVΔP   平均Q l/Pa
    6     54.63     3.15     28.76     5.1     5.2     3.2     0.24
    7     94.57     3.4     12.89     7.3     8.0     6.9     0.26
    8     143.00     2.8     4.00     11.2     15.1     7.9     0.21
    9     191.63     3.0     1.65     12.2     25.2     5.4     0.16
    10     205.79     1.8     1.2 8     10.9     27.5     2.9     0.16
    11     244.07     3.4     0.65     17.5     36.5     6.7     0.14
    C1     64.7     8.7     29.0     16.8     4.4     15.9     0.29
    C2     112.63     6.7     8.97     20.1     9.1     15.7     0.27
    C3     153.17     4.2     3.31     23.6     15.9     12.6     0.21
    C4     191.20     4.5     1.91     33.0     24.3     10.1     0.16
    C5     242.06     5.4     1.33     24.0     36.2     7.1     0.12
1.单位重量之调整排除非织稀松窗帘用布。
因为比较单位重量织物的话，COV值减少，意谓着本实例织物1-11比较的织物无强化的稀松窗帘用布(比较的实例C1-C5)，在COV值最重要之减少著名的是较低单位重量织物(例如，少于大约120g/m2)。此点的改进概述之描述于图2，其中Y轴表示有稀松窗帘用布嵌入之实例比无稀松窗帘用布嵌入之实例COV减少之％，X轴表比较织物之公称单位重量，A栏代表单位重量，B栏为穿透力且C栏代压力降。
本发明不同的修饰和改变，在技术上是显而易见的，但不离开本发明之范围和精神且本发明不被限制于在此所公开说明之目的。

Claims (7)

1.一种驻极体非织造过滤器，包含至少一个由静电荷非导电性纤维构成的非织造过滤网(10)，其特征在于上述过滤网(10)藉由针刺法而与增强稀松布(11)相接合。
2.根据权利要求1的驻极体非织造过滤器，其中所述非导电性纤维由聚合体形成薄膜的静电荷薄膜的原织化形成。
3.根据权利要求2的驻极体非织造过滤器，其中的纤维是聚丙稀聚合物或共聚合物。
4.根据权利要求1的驻极体非织造过滤器，其中增强稀松布(11)是位于两外层(10，10′)之非织造过滤网间的中间层。
5.根据权利要求1的驻极体非织造过滤器，其中非织造过滤网(10)是随机分布的。
6.根据权利要求5的驻极体非织造过滤器，其中非织过滤网(10)是随机分布的。
7.根据权利要求1的驻极体非织造过滤器，其中非织物材料具有的总单位重量少于120克/m2。
CN96107566A 1992-02-20 1996-05-29 驻极体非织过滤器 Expired - Fee Related CN1076976C (zh)

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