CN115316666A - 一种黄精精华丸剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种黄精精华丸剂的制备方法，属于食品产品制作领域。本发明要解决当前可直接服用的黄精食品中，天然活性成分含量低，黄精生物活性作用损失大的问题。本发明先分别对黄精、枸杞子、龙眼肉、酸枣仁进行下述步骤处理：蒸汽爆破，压滤，对滤渣进行超声波辅助提取至少3次，再过滤后收集滤液，真空减压浓缩；然后混合，喷雾干燥制粒，然后制丸。本发明具有明显的抗疲劳及抗氧化作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品产品制作领域，具体涉及一种以黄精为主要原料，通过蒸汽爆破方法将黄精制粒，联合枸杞等制备而成的具有抗疲劳功效的丸剂类食品。
背景技术
黄精作为名贵的药食同源植物资源，其内部含有大量的活性成分，如多糖、黄酮、皂苷等，这些活性成分具有显著的抗疲劳功效。但是，由于鲜黄精具有较强的刺激性，不宜直接服用，使黄精产品的食用性及潜在市场受到严重影响。同时，传统药食同源丸剂类食品主要工艺为将原料直接粉碎、过筛后模具成型。此种方法若快速达到预期抗疲劳效果，需短期内食用较大量产品，而将其有效物质充分浸提后造粒，可以在食用较少的产品就能达到预期抗疲劳效果。
喷雾干燥是传统造粒过程丸剂类食品中经常使用的技术手段，是一种通过热干燥介质将物料由液态转变为粉末状态的过程，其工作原理是利用雾化器将原料液分散为雾滴，并用热气体干燥雾滴而获得产品。其干燥效率高、适宜于连续化生产等特点；而相比于常用的冷冻干燥技术，其经济成本要低很多，有较强的操作性。但因经检测，黄精、枸杞等药食同源食品富含大量多糖、果胶等物质，粘度较大，会产生雾滴粘壁及出粉率较低的现象，引起原料成本的浪费及活性物质的损失。该发明预改进的核心技术是通过调整在制备过程中喷雾干燥工艺条件，改善原料损失的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决当前可直接服用的黄精食品中，天然活性成分含量低，黄精生物活性作用损失大的问题。与传统方法中直接使用黄精本身制丸的方式不同，本发明采取了较为复杂的技术手段，提取出黄精、枸杞子、龙眼肉、酸枣仁中主要的活性成分，制备成精华粉末，以黄精、枸杞子、龙眼肉、酸枣仁精华粉末为原料，添加适量辅料制备成黄精精华丸，具有明显的抗疲劳及抗氧化作用。
本发明以黄精为主要原料，搭配枸杞子、龙眼肉、酸枣仁，制备出一种可以直接口服，同时含有大量的天然活性成分，口感极佳且无刺激性的黄精丸剂类食品。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采取了以下的技术方案：
一种黄精精华丸剂的制备方法的步骤如下；
步骤一、分别对黄精、枸杞子、龙眼肉、酸枣仁进行下述步骤处理：蒸汽爆破，压滤，对滤渣进行超声波辅助提取至少3次，再过滤后收集滤液，真空减压浓缩；
步骤二、将经步骤一处理后的黄精、枸杞子、龙眼肉和酸枣仁混合，喷雾干燥制粒，然后制丸，即完成。
步骤一对黄精蒸汽爆破处理如下：
先黄精清洗除去表面泥沙，沥去表面水分后破碎成粒径为0.5cm-1.0cm的黄精颗粒；将黄精颗粒放入蒸汽爆破设备中，主要的工艺参数为水料比1:(5-10)，维压时间10min-20min，蒸汽压强2.0MPa-2.5MPa，收集蒸汽爆破后的黄精颗粒，自然降温至35℃-60℃。
步骤一对蒸汽爆破处理后的黄精颗粒在0.30-0.40MPa滤网孔径为60-100目条件下进行压滤。
步骤一中超声波提取是将滤渣与纯化水按质量比为1:(2.5-5.0)混合，加热至沸腾并超声处理，超声波辅助熬煮提取时间为60-120min，超声波频率为25-35KHz。
步骤一中用150-300目滤网过滤。
步骤一中真空减压浓缩阶段主要的工艺参数为真空表压-008～-010MPa，沸腾浓缩至原体积的5％-10％。
步骤二中按黄精、枸杞子、龙眼肉和酸枣仁质量比为5：3：1：1进行混合，
步骤二中喷雾干燥制粒工艺参数：进风温度100℃，出风温度150℃，PUMP参数为100％。
步骤二制丸的步骤如下：将新鲜蜂蜜在搅拌或翻动条件下，加热至110℃-115℃并保温10min-20min，得到炼蜜，然后将喷雾干燥制粒颗粒与炼蜜按质量比2.5：1混合，搅拌混合均匀，然后分成10g-15g的小块，分别搓揉成圆丸。
上述方法制备的黄精精华丸剂。
本发明所述疲劳是指慢性疲劳综合征，是一组以长期持续性疲劳为主诉的全身证候群，主要表现为疲劳、记忆力减退、肌肉或关节疼痛、睡眠障碍、食欲不振、情绪低落等症，根据中医辨证论治，疲劳为元气耗伤之虚证与心理变化(或不畅)双重因素所致。中医认为其病因病机：“脾为后天之本，气血生化之源，主肌肉、四肢，主运化水谷精微及水湿，饮食不节或思虑过度损伤脾胃，脾失健运，则气血生化乏源，清阳不升、浊阴不降，四肢肌肉失养故见四肢酸痛无力、头晕头痛、食欲不振、腹胀腹泻等。可以通过中医辨证组方调治，主要涉及脾、肝、肾为主，以达到预防、治疗、控制的目的。治疗仍然以辨证施治为前提，不仅要补虚扶正，也应祛疲安神。一方面补虚固元，滋养机体，虚得补，正则旺，疲劳自除；另一方面，调畅心志，舒心畅意，神得安，心则宁，疲劳可消。
本发明组合物通过益气除湿、健脾升阳、疏肝解郁、调节气血缓解疲劳，组方以黄精为主，辅以枸杞子、龙眼肉和酸枣仁，黄精性甘，平。归脾、肺、肾经。具有补气养阴、健脾、润肺、益肾。用于脾胃气虚、体倦乏力、胃阴不足、口干食少、肺虚燥咳、精血不足、腰膝酸软、须发早白功效。枸杞子性甘，平。归肝、肾经，可滋补肝肾、益精明目。用于虚劳精亏、腰膝酸痛、眩晕耳鸣、目昏不明等。龙眼肉性甘，温。归心、脾经，具有补益心脾，养血安神功效。用于气血不足，心悸怔忡，健忘失眠等。酸枣仁养肝，宁心，安神，敛汗。味甘、酸，性平。能滋养心肝，安神，敛汗，用于虚烦不眠，惊悸多梦，体虚多汗，津伤口渴。组方均为药食同源的植物资源组方，长期服用具有较高的安全性，组方药性平和、温中补虚，久服不会燥热，上火。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)经喷雾干燥后的复合药材粉末经复溶后，具有更好的体外抗氧化能力；
(2)经调整喷雾干燥工艺参数后，其发生雾滴粘壁情况减少，粉末出粉率提高；
为了能够更进一步了解本发明的特征及技术内容，请参阅以下有关本发明详细说明与附图，然而所附的附图仅提供参考和说明之用，并非用来对本发明加以限制。
附图说明
图1是复合药材在喷雾前后体外抗氧化能力(清除DPPH自由基)对比分析图；
图2是复合药材在喷雾前后体外抗氧化能力(清除羟基自由基)对比分析图；
图3是小鼠负重游泳时间；
图4是小鼠肌糖原含量；
图5是小鼠肝糖原含量；
图6是小鼠血乳酸含量。
具体实施方式
实施例1：一种黄精精华丸剂的制备方法的步骤如下；
步骤一、对黄精进行下述步骤处理：
黄精清洗除去表面泥沙，沥去表面水分后烘干，破碎成粒径为0.5cm-1.0cm的黄精颗粒；将黄精颗粒放入蒸汽爆破设备中，主要的工艺参数为水料比1:10(质量比)，维压时间20min，蒸汽压强2.0MPa，收集蒸汽爆破后的黄精颗粒，自然降温至35℃，对蒸汽爆破处理后的黄精颗粒在0.40MPa滤网孔径为100目条件下压滤，将滤渣与纯化水按质量比为1:5.0混合，超声波辅助提取至少3次，再用200目滤网过滤后收集滤液，真空减压浓缩，沸腾浓缩至原体积的80％；
超声波辅助提取过程：加热至沸腾并超声处理，超声波辅助熬煮提取时间为120min，超声波频率为35KHz；
对枸杞子进行下述步骤处理：
枸杞子去除坏果、杂物等，并清洗，沥去表面水分后烘干，破碎成粒径为0.5cm-1cm的枸杞子颗粒；将枸杞子颗粒放入蒸汽爆破设备中，主要的工艺参数为水料比1:10(质量比)，维压时间20min，蒸汽压强2.0MPa，收集蒸汽爆破后的枸杞子颗粒，自然降温至35℃，对蒸汽爆破处理后的枸杞子颗粒在0.40MPa滤网孔径为100目条件下压滤，将滤渣与纯化水按质量比为1:5.0混合，超声波辅助提取至少3次，再用200目滤网过滤后收集滤液，真空减压浓缩，沸腾浓缩至原体积的80％；
对龙眼肉进行下述步骤处理：
龙眼肉去除坏果，并清洗，沥去表面水分后烘干，破碎成粒径为0.5cm-1cm的龙眼肉颗粒；将龙眼肉颗粒放入蒸汽爆破设备中，主要的工艺参数为水料比1:10(质量比)，维压时间20min，蒸汽压强2.0MPa，收集蒸汽爆破后的龙眼肉颗粒，自然降温至35℃，对蒸汽爆破处理后的龙眼肉颗粒在0.40MPa滤网孔径为100目条件下压滤，将滤渣与纯化水按质量比为1:5.0混合，超声波辅助提取至少3次，再用200目滤网过滤后收集滤液，真空减压浓缩，沸腾浓缩至原体积的80％；
对酸枣仁进行下述步骤处理：
酸枣仁清洗，沥去表面水分后烘干，破碎成粒径为0.5cm-1cm的酸枣仁颗粒；将酸枣仁颗粒放入蒸汽爆破设备中，主要的工艺参数为水料比1:10(质量比)，维压时间20min，蒸汽压强2.0MPa，收集蒸汽爆破后的酸枣仁颗粒，自然降温至35℃，对蒸汽爆破处理后的酸枣仁颗粒在0.40MPa滤网孔径为100目条件下压滤，将滤渣与纯化水按质量比为1:5.0混合，超声波辅助提取至少3次，再用200目滤网过滤后收集滤液，真空减压浓缩，沸腾浓缩至原体积的80％；
步骤二、将经步骤一处理后的黄精、枸杞子、龙眼肉和酸枣仁按质量比为5：3：1：1进行混合，喷雾干燥制粒，喷雾干燥工艺为：进风温度180℃，出风温度95℃，进料浓度10％，进料流量1.0L/h，以1％阿拉伯胶作为喷雾干燥助干剂。
然后将新鲜蜂蜜在搅拌条件下，加热并保温15min，得到炼蜜，然后将喷雾干燥制粒颗粒与炼蜜按质量比2.5：1混合，搅拌混合均匀，然后分成10g-15g的小块，分别搓揉成圆丸，即完成；
其中，步骤二中喷雾干燥制粒工艺参数：进风温度180℃，出风温度95℃，进料浓度10％，进料流量1.0L/h，以1％阿拉伯胶作为喷雾干燥助干剂。
随着进风温度的不断增加，喷雾干燥后颗粒呈现先上升后下降的趋势，当进风温度不足时，液体喷出后无法得到迅速的干燥，出现结块等现象，影响出品率，而温度过高因精华丸原料中黄精、枸杞等物质含有多糖，会发生糖基化反应发生结块或焦糖化，会影响产品质量。而进料浓度对产品的影响体现于：当料液过高，黏度过大，雾化不均匀，干燥效果差。而料液浓度低会产生一定的资源浪费。进料速度对产品的影响为当进料速度过快，料液可能干燥不完全，会产生凝结并附着于机器内壁，引起资源浪费。因此喷雾干燥条件为：在进风温度180℃，出风温度95℃，进料浓度10％，进料流量1.0L/h的条件下进行喷雾干燥。
以昆明小鼠进行动物实验(雄性，5周龄，体重18-22g，许可证号SCXK[吉]-2018-0007，质量合格证编号202000034164，共48只，每组8只)，将按精华丸复配后的中药浸提液经喷雾干燥后的粉末溶于生理盐水，并以0.75、1.5、3g/kg灌胃，空白组给予生理盐水0.1mL/10g,每天称量小鼠体重，根据小鼠体重实时调整灌胃量，连续灌胃28d，1次/d。并以红景天苷作为阳性对照组。灌胃第28d进行负重游泳实验并处死小鼠，取器官及血清并用试剂盒测定肌糖原、肝糖原及血乳酸含量。除负重游泳实验外，其余实验空白组分为负重游泳对照组及休息对照组。结果表明，灌胃中药浸提液组小鼠负重游泳时间明显延长，肝糖原、肌糖原产生量明显增加，血乳酸含量显著减小，说明产品具有缓解疲劳效果。
Claims (10)
1.一种黄精精华丸剂的制备方法，其特征在于其制备步骤如下；
步骤一、分别对黄精、枸杞、桂圆、酸枣仁进行下述步骤处理：蒸汽爆破，压滤，对滤渣进行超声波辅助提取至少3次，再过滤后收集滤液，真空减压浓缩；
步骤二、将经步骤一处理后的黄精、枸杞、桂圆和酸枣仁混合，喷雾干燥制粒，然后制丸，即完成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄精精华丸剂的制备方法，其特征在于步骤一对黄精蒸汽爆破处理如下：
先黄精清洗除去表面泥沙，沥去表面水分后破碎成粒径为0.5cm-1.0cm的黄精颗粒；将黄精颗粒放入蒸汽爆破设备中，主要的工艺参数为水料比1:(5-10)，维压时间10min-20min，蒸汽压强2.0MPa-2.5MPa，收集蒸汽爆破后的黄精颗粒，自然降温至35℃-60℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄精精华丸剂的制备方法，其特征在于步骤一对蒸汽爆破处理后的黄精颗粒在0.30-0.40MPa滤网孔径为60-100目条件下进行压滤。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄精精华丸剂的制备方法，其特征在于步骤一中超声波提取是将滤渣与纯化水按质量比为1:(2.5-5.0)混合，加热至沸腾并超声处理，超声波辅助熬煮提取时间为60-120min，超声波频率为25-35KHz。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄精精华丸剂的制备方法，其特征在于步骤一中用150-300目滤网过滤。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄精精华丸剂的制备方法，其特征在于步骤一中真空减压浓缩阶段主要的工艺参数为真空表压-008～-010MPa，沸腾浓缩至原体积的5％-10％。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄精精华丸剂的制备方法，其特征在于步骤二中按黄精、枸杞、桂圆和酸枣仁质量比为5：3：1：1进行混合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄精精华丸剂的制备方法，其特征在于步骤二中喷雾干燥制粒工艺参数：进风温度100℃，出风温度150℃，PUMP参数为100％。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄精精华丸剂的制备方法，其特征在于步骤二制丸的步骤如下：将新鲜蜂蜜在搅拌或翻动条件下，加热至110℃-115℃并保温10min-20min，得到炼蜜，然后将喷雾干燥制粒颗粒与炼蜜按质量比2.5：1混合，搅拌混合均匀，然后分成10g-15g的小块，分别搓揉成圆丸。
10.一种如权利要求1-9任意一项方法制备的黄精精华丸剂。
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