CN1152276A - 用两种或两种以上涂层涂敷的基材及生产这些基材的方法 - Google Patents

用两种或两种以上涂层涂敷的基材及生产这些基材的方法 Download PDF

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CN1152276A
CN1152276A CN95193997A CN95193997A CN1152276A CN 1152276 A CN1152276 A CN 1152276A CN 95193997 A CN95193997 A CN 95193997A CN 95193997 A CN95193997 A CN 95193997A CN 1152276 A CN1152276 A CN 1152276A
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E·威格尔
L·凯里孜思
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Abstract

本发明涉及用两种或两种以上涂料涂层涂敷的基材，这些涂敷基材的特征是它们可用以下步骤生产：A.将厚度为2到500μm的塑料膜层压到基材表面上；B.如果需要，用适合涂敷汽车车身的填充剂组合物涂敷通过层压压上的塑料膜的表面；C.用至少一种加颜料的油漆涂层涂敷通过层压压上的塑料膜表面，或分别涂敷在完成步骤B后得到的填充剂涂层；D.如果需要，用透明涂层涂敷在完成步骤C后得到的油漆涂层；以及E.固化通过层压压上的塑料膜表面上的油漆涂层。

Description

用两种或两种以上涂层涂敷的 基材及生产这些基材的方法
本发明涉及用两种或两种以上涂层涂敷的基材、生产这些基材的方法以及这些用两种或两种以上涂层涂敷的基材在生产汽车中的应用。
EP-A-374551公开了适用于生产汽车车身配件的涂敷基材。在EP-A-374551中公开的涂敷基材由用至少一种涂层涂敷的金属板构成或由其表面层由涂敷的金属板构成的复合材料构成。
本发明的目的是提供用两种或两种以上涂层涂敷的基材，相对于EP-A-374551中公开的涂敷基材，它有改进的性能，生产中仅有少量的溶剂排放，并且使简单的质量监测成为可能。
根据本发明，这一目的可通过提供用两种或两种以上涂层涂敷的基材来达到，其特征在于，这些基材可用以下步骤生产：A.将厚度为2到500μm的塑料膜层压到基材表面上；B.如果需要，用适合涂敷汽车车身的填充剂组合物涂敷通过层压压上的塑料膜的表面；C.用至少一种加颜料的油漆涂层涂敷通过层压粘附上的塑料膜表面，或分别涂敷在完成步骤B后得到的填充剂涂层；D.如果需要，用透明的涂层涂敷在完成步骤C后得到的油漆涂层；以及E.固化通过层压压上的塑料表面上的油漆涂层。
本发明还涉及用两种或两种以上涂层涂敷的基材的生产方法，其特征在于：A.将厚度为2到500μm的塑料膜层压到基材表面上；B.如果需要，用适合于涂敷汽车车身的填充剂组合物涂敷通过层压压上的塑料膜的表面；C.用至少一种加颜料的油漆涂层涂敷通过层压压上的塑料膜表面或分别涂敷在完成步骤B后得到的填充剂涂层；D.如果需要，用透明的涂料涂敷在完成步骤C后得到的油漆涂层；以及E.固化通过层压压上的塑料表面上的油漆涂层，在用至少一种加颜料的油漆涂层涂敷以前，可先使在完成步骤B中涂敷的填充剂涂层固化，以及在用透明涂料涂敷以前，可先使在完成步骤C中涂敷的加颜料的油漆涂层固化。
本发明还涉及根据本发明涂敷的基材用于机动车车身特别是汽车车身的生产，以及用于机动车车身的配件的生产。
本发明的涂敷基材其特征是具有很高的耐石屑性(stone chip-ping)和耐腐蚀性。本发明的涂敷基材的另外的优点在于，它们可在占很小的空间的装置中生产；在生产本发明的涂敷基材的过程中，由于步骤A中使用塑料膜，因此仅排放出很少量的有机溶剂；以及即使在步骤A中使用塑料膜，也可做到质量监测，而当使用涂料时，涂层的质量一直到油漆涂层固化以后才能评定，所以在有质量缺陷的情况下，涂敷的基材整个来说必须报废。
在生产本发明的涂敷基材的方法步骤A中，原则上可能使用所有适合生产机动车车身的基材以及适合生产机动车车身配件的基材。例子是任选的预处理的金属板，如任选的预处理的钢板和铝板，也可为塑料模制品。使用塑料模制品是优选的，特别优选使用预处理的金属板，特别是任选的预处理钢板作为基材。例如金属板可用渗磷和/或渗铬预处理。
在步骤A中，可使用聚烯烃、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚碳酸酯或各种聚合物的混合物的薄膜。在步骤A中使用的塑料膜的厚度为2～500μm，优选20～250μm，它可含有染料和/或颜料。可以用不同方法粘附在基材上。例如，一种可能的方法是使用含有促进粘附的基团(如氨基甲酸乙酯基团、酸酐基团或羧基)的薄膜，或者使用通过与含有促进粘附的基团的聚合物共挤塑使其带有促进粘附的基团的薄膜。薄膜和基材之间的粘附也可通过粘合剂来达到。在这种情况下，使用的粘合剂在室温下可为固体和液体。
塑料膜的层压可用通常大家熟悉的方法来进行。当层压有促进粘附的基团的薄膜时，基材通常用此薄膜覆盖，以致促进粘附层与基材的表面接触。然后，用可调温度的模制机加压和加热，或在有可调温辊的辊压机或压延机的辊隙中，将薄膜层压到基材上。在这方面，应选择压力和温度，以致在基材和薄膜之间产生牢固的粘合。当使用室温下是固体的粘合剂时，层压步骤是类似的。当使用液体粘合剂时，步骤通常是这样的，将液体粘合剂涂到基材上，然后将塑料膜层压到涂有粘合剂的加热基材上。
在步骤B中，可用适合于涂敷车身的填充剂组合物涂敷通过层压压上的塑料膜。在传统的汽车车身涂层中，通过电沉积粘附的底漆用填充剂组合物涂敷。用这种方法制得的填充剂涂层主要有两个功能：一方面，它将补偿电沉淀底漆的不匀性，而另一方面，它将提高整个涂面的耐石屑性。在涂敷汽车车身中用于生成填充剂涂层的填充剂组合物大多数是已知的，所以在这里不需要进一步详细说明。填充剂组合物主要由粘合剂、交联剂、颜料和填充剂组成。如果需要，也可含有其他添加剂，如交联催化剂和匀涂辅助剂。可使用的填充剂组合物可含有如环氧树脂、聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、聚丙烯酸酯树脂和醇酸树脂或其组合作为粘合剂，可使用的填充剂组合物可含有氨基树脂(如三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂)、胺类、多异氰酸酯以及含羧基的化合物作为交联剂。在可使用的填充剂组合物中存在的颜料的例子是二氧化钛、酞菁、氧化铁和碳黑。填充剂组合物可含有如石灰或硫酸钡作为填充剂。
令人吃惊的是，本发明涂敷的基材既使在步骤B中没有涂敷填充剂组合物，也有良好的耐石屑性。
将至少一层加颜料的面漆或所谓的底漆-透明涂料(它由加颜料的底漆和涂在其上的透明面漆组成)涂敷到通过层压粘附的塑料膜表面或步骤B后得到的填充剂涂层上。
在步骤C中，可使用任一种适用于传统的汽车车身涂料的面漆和/或底漆料。这样的涂料对于熟悉本专业的技术人员来说是大家熟悉的，并可大量商购。它们主要含聚合物粘合剂、如果需要还有交联剂，以及含有颜料或颜料混合物。在步骤C中使用的面漆和/或底漆可含有如聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂或聚丙烯酸酯树脂作为粘合剂，或这些粘合剂的混合物。面漆和/或底漆可含有氨基树脂、多异氰酸酯树脂作为交联剂、含有羧-基的交联剂或这些交联剂的混合物。可加到步骤C中使用的加颜料的面漆和/或底漆中的颜料的例子是二氧化钛、酞菁颜料、碳黑、氧化铁颜料、高岭土颜料和珠光颜料。
如果本发明的涂敷基材要有底漆-透明涂料涂面，那么在步骤E中，将透明涂料涂敷到在步骤D中涂敷的油漆涂层上。也可使用可用于传统的汽车涂料的全部的透明涂料。也可使用粉末透明涂料。在步骤E中涂敷的透明涂料也由粘合剂、如果需要还有交联剂，以及另外的传统添加剂组成。这些涂料都可大量商购，并且对熟悉本专业的技术人员来说是大家熟悉的。所以，在这方面，不需进一步说明。
在步骤E中，将涂敷到通过层压粘附的塑料膜表面的涂料固化，有可能在用至少一种加颜料的油漆涂料涂敷以前，先使在步骤B中涂敷的填充剂涂料固化，以及有可能在用透明涂料涂敷以前，先使在步骤C中涂敷的加颜料的底漆固化。也可将底涂料涂敷到在步骤B中涂敷的处于未固化状态的填充剂涂层上，然后在涂透明涂料以前使填充剂涂料和底漆一起固化。通常通过在60到230℃下加热使涂料固化。在这方面，在含有交联剂的涂料的情况下，涂料中的粘合剂和交联剂之间发生反应，形成三维聚合物网络，它使经涂敷的表面有特别高的耐机械冲击或化学腐蚀性。在涂料不含交联剂的情况下，涂料膜的物理干燥发生在固化过程中。
涂料可用喷涂、蘸涂、淋涂、辊涂或刮刀涂的方法涂敷。在生产用两种或两种以上涂料涂敷的金属板中，涂料优选用卷材涂漆涂敷。
本发明的涂敷基材可用于生产机动车身配件。为此，它们可进一步变形和加工。如果需要，可用其他材料如纤维强化的塑料，制得有价值的复合材料。可在步骤E后和步骤A后进行变形处理和可能的进一步加工。在步骤E后进行变形处理和可能的进一步加工是优选的。如果在步骤A后进行变形处理和可能的进一步加工，那么就在变形处理和/或进一步加工的半成品上进行步骤B-E。
用以下实施例更详细地说明本发明。应当理解，除非另加说明，所有的百分数和份数都用重量表示。
实施例1
在220℃、50巴下，将加白色颜料的60μm厚的热塑性聚氨酯膜(由E1astogran GmbH生产的ElastollanREL 1184A)层压到车身制造板(Bonder 2660 OC)上。然后用商业的加白色颜料的非水面漆涂敷通过层压粘附的塑料膜的表面(干膜厚度：45～50μm)。然后在130℃下将涂敷的油漆烤30分钟。
实施例2
在在150℃、25巴下，将加白色颜料的60μm厚的热塑性聚氨酯膜(由Elastogran GmbH生产的ElastollanREL 1184A)(其中有20μm厚含1，4-丁二醇和对苯二甲酸/间苯二甲酸(1∶1)的聚酯的促进粘附层)压贴到车身制造板(Bonder2660 OC)上。然后用商业的加白色颜料的非水面漆涂敷通过层压粘附的塑料膜表面(干膜厚：45～50μm)。然后在130℃下将油漆涂层烤30分钟。
涂敷基材的测试
测试表明，根据实施例1和实施例2制备的涂敷基材在以下两个试验中有极好的性能：在VDA(德国汽车制造商协会)石屑试验(2×500g，在2巴下)和在Mercedes Benz球冲击试验(VDA：额定值1；球冲击试验：生锈程度＝0，剥落程度：≤2mm2)。为了测试耐腐蚀性，涂敷基材按DIN 50021进行喷盐雾腐蚀试验。6周后，未测出涂层下生锈。

Claims (10)

1.用两种或两种以上涂层涂敷的基材，其特征是，它们可用以下步骤生产A.将厚度为2到500μm的塑料膜层压到基材表面上；B.如果需要，用适合于涂敷汽车车身的填充剂组合物涂敷通过层压压上的塑料膜的表面；C.用至少一种加颜料的油漆涂层涂敷通过层压压上的塑料膜表面，或分别涂敷在完成步骤B后得到的填充剂涂层；D.如果需要，用透明涂料涂敷在完成步骤C后得到的油漆涂层；以及E.使涂敷到通过层压压上的塑料膜表面上的油漆涂层固化。
2.根据权利要求1的涂敷基材，其特征是，它们可在步骤A中用金属板作基材来制备。
3.根据权利要求1的涂敷基材，其特征是，它们可在步骤A中用塑料模制品作基材来制备。
4.根据权利要求1～3中任一项的的涂敷基材，其特征是它们可在步骤A中用热塑性聚烯烃膜或热塑性聚氨酯膜制备。
5.生产用一种或多种涂料涂敷的基材的方法，其特征是：A.将厚度为2到500μm的塑料膜层压到基材表面；B.如果需要，用适合于涂敷汽车车身的填充剂组合物涂敷到通过层压粘附上的塑料膜的表面；C.用至少一种加颜料的油漆涂层涂敷通过层压压上的塑料膜表面，或分别涂敷在完成步骤B后得到的填充剂涂层；D.如果需要，用透明涂层涂敷在完成步骤C后得到的油漆涂层；以及E.固化通过层压压上的塑料膜表面上的油漆涂层，在用至少一种加颜料的油漆涂层涂敷以前，可先固化在完成步骤B中涂敷的填充剂涂层，以及在用透明涂层涂敷以前，可先固化在完成步骤C中涂敷的加颜料的油漆涂层。
6.根据权利要求5的方法，其特征是，在步骤A中金属板用作基材。
7.根据权利要求6的方法，其特征是，用卷材涂漆法涂敷涂层。
8.根据权利要求5的方法，其特征是，在步骤A中使用塑料模制品作基材。
9.根据权利要求5～8中任一项的方法，其特征是，在步骤A中，使用热塑性聚烯烃膜或热塑性聚氨酯膜。
10.根据权利要求1到4的涂敷基材用于机动车车身优选汽车车身配件的生产。
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