CN1152163C - 包括机加工金属长丝束的织物 - Google Patents

包括机加工金属长丝束的织物 Download PDF

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CN1152163C
CN1152163C CNB961955317A CN96195531A CN1152163C CN 1152163 C CN1152163 C CN 1152163C CN B961955317 A CNB961955317 A CN B961955317A CN 96195531 A CN96195531 A CN 96195531A CN 1152163 C CN1152163 C CN 1152163C
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加布里埃尔·德维赫耐尔
菲利普·万斯提克斯特
维恩·万·斯蒂兰特
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Abstract

本发明涉及织物的组成物束，该束由通过切削加工获得的金属长丝构成，其等效直径在15至150μm之间，并且束中的长丝近乎平行排列还涉及织物的加工方法，尤其指是通过平针针织，和其利用于气体燃烧炉的隔膜。

Description

加工包括金属长丝束的织物的方法及该织物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括通过切削或刮削获得的金属长丝束的织物。
背景技术
从美国专利4,930,199得知一种通过切削、刮削或将围绕心轴绕成盘状的细金属薄片的端面切割下而加工细金属长丝的方法。这便加工出了主要为四边形横断面的近乎平行的长丝束。根据金属薄片的厚度和切削和刮削工具的切削速度，其等效断面在15至150μm之间。等效直径是指与长丝的四边形横断面具有相等表面积的圆的直径。
与牵伸长丝相比，这类机加工长丝通常牵伸强度较低，并且不直。他们很难在正常速度下通过加捻加工成长丝纱线。
WO-A-9 309 940描述了一种方法，其中一种抗切割纱线、抗磨损纱线或者导电纱线以未加捻的形式由金属纱线形成，所述金属纱线由非金属纱线或纤维合并在一起。所述金属长丝通过集束牵伸的工艺获得，并且显示了相对较低的弹性。通过切削或机加工工艺获得的金属长丝产生较高弹性的长丝，并且像钢丝绒(见WO-A-9 318 342)。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种包括通过切削加工获得的，仅是轻微加捻的组金属长丝或金属纤维束的织物。术语“织物”在这里指的是由一系列网眼或开口以及形成网眼边界的长丝束构成的一种结构，如机织、编织、打结、交织或簇绒结构。
进一步，本发明的目的是提供一种用所述长丝或纤维束加工织物的方法，而不需要对所述细长丝或纤维束加捻。体积较大的近乎平行的长丝束通过切削装置加工而成，因此需要另外的方法致密或压实，以便于以后通过针织、机织、编织、打结或簇绒等方法加工成织物。
具体地说，根据本发明提供了一种加工织物的方法，所述方法包括下述步骤：提供通过切削加工获得的金属长丝，所述长丝具有的等效直径在15μm至150μm之间；压实所述金属长丝，而不使用加捻操作，并且借助于粘合剂将所述金属长丝合并为平行长丝束；通过机织、针织或者编织将所述合并的束加工成织物。
用于织物的切削束的初始体积特性也许在以后的织物中需要有所恢复。这种压实和合并处理的效果至少能够部分的回复。为了某种应用，获得或保持在织物中的相对体积特性是确定的目的，如为了获得织物的某种挠性。
本发明还提供了包括金属长丝束的织物，其中合并的长丝是通过上述切削加工得到的，其等效直径在15至150μm之间，在丝束中近乎平行排列。术语“长丝”在这里指连续长丝和短纤维。
按照本发明提供的加工织物的方法包括，通过粘合剂使切削长丝或长丝束合并，并通过如机织、针织或编织方法把合并的长丝束或纤维束加工成织物。如果需要是这样，为了恢复至少部分束的初始体积特性，以后可依次去掉这种粘合剂，所谓粘合剂一方面是指自承重的长丝形状或带形物体，例如，在围绕长丝或纤维束的螺旋形中粘合剂能够被包缠起来。另一方面，是指使该束能够被覆盖或包裹起来的胶水。根据其构成，可以取消粘合剂，例如，通过溶解、熔化、蒸发、结冰，氧化或燃烧，通过高温分解、碳化或通过其它化学反应。
本发明还提供了通过切削加工获得金属长丝或纤维束本身，该金属长丝或纤维束被压实并利用粘合剂合并，并使用，如在加工织物的方法中。按照本发明的织物能够用于广阔的应用范围，就一些粘合剂和织物的最终结构来说，各自根据金属长丝的组成、结构及特性选择。
束中的金属长丝可以是紫铜、黄铜、钛、不同类型的不锈钢、镍合金和其它特种钢，如含有铬、铝和/或镍和重量0.05％到0.3％的钇、铈、镧或钛的钢。这种钢非常耐高温(铁铬合金、镍铬合金、铬铝合金)，因此被应用，如燃烧器隔膜，将在下面解释。如果用于加工长丝的卷材金属薄片在其表面覆以不同成分的涂层，那么，将使其切削能力增强，然后按照上述的切削过程获得单一或多成分的长丝。
按照上面的集束，如上边说明的粘结长丝，如果需要，单个或多个长丝或纱线能够在与金属束平行的粘合长丝下连接在一起，为了提高加工成织物的性能，为了达到不均匀束所需的特定功能，并因此和/或获得最终的织物。除(并独立于)合并的金属长丝束外，通过在织物中结合其它纱线结构，也可能加工不均匀织物。无论纱线和/或金属长丝束的不同类型应用如何，根据在整个织物厚度和/或表面相互不同的结构编制有限的区域，织物能够给出不均匀特性。根据弹性、可压缩性、密度、发毛程度、光滑性、韧性等，这些亚结构可以彼此不同。这样的结构可以通过，例如Stoll公司(德国)制造的CMS 440或通用公司制造的MC7横机制造。
压实和合并的束在所有类型的机织加工中，可以作为经线和/或纬线的材料。在圆形针织机、横机、和经编机，包括在拉舍尔机上，它们可以交织在网眼织物，簇绒织物或编入经编，纬编织物中。织物的重量能够在300至4000g/m2之间，并且指定低于2500g/m2。按照优选实施例，所述束能够编入双层平针织结构或圆形针织结构，以阻止织物边缘上的卷曲。
本发明尤其涉及由金属长丝或纤维组成的织物，这种织物能够耐高温，效果非常惊人，用于气体燃烧炉，即表面辐射系统(100kw/m2或更高)和蓝色火焰系统(达到10,000kw/m2)，作为隔膜都具有显著的效果。
所有这些，对于能够使用的针织物，在几个可能的实施例的基础上加以解释，例如用于燃烧炉隔膜。
具体实施方式
按照美国专利4,930,199中说明的切削加工方法，加工成具有公制支数(Nm)在0.2至0.4之间的长丝束，其中铁铬合金中钇占重量的0.1％。众所周知，通过已知的束牵伸获得的这类合金金属纤维在燃烧炉隔膜中的应用，如欧洲专利0,390,255申请。切削长丝的等效直径在25至50μm之间，如接近36μm。这些束部分相互连接，在牵伸架拉开成为纤维条。然后一些纤维条再一次相互连接，在进一步的牵伸作业后，再在所谓的缠绕装置通过缠绕压实和合并，获得纤维近乎平行的束，如连续合成长丝(如粘合剂)所用的缠绕速度为200转/分钟至500转/分钟。在缠绕以前，如果需要，可以在牵伸架上的条子之间插入纤维芯。在该集束中金属的比率在0.5至5之间。该束中金属纤维的公制支数最好在1.5至5之间。
这样压实和合并的束在横机(针号5至7)上加工成双层编织结构，以便于更好的阻止后来的织物边缘向上卷曲。织物可以具有800至2,000g/m2之间的重量，如大约1,200g/m2。较重的织物有较长的寿命。针织物最好有接近2mm的厚度和800至1,500g/m2的重量。编织结构的组成相当简单(如，针号为7的双罗纹结构和圆筒形平针织物)。合成纤维的支撑线可以在编织时加入以便于编织工艺。粘合剂(并且和其它非金属线，如果有的话)通过燃烧去掉，剩下了织物，其切削束的初始体积部分回复。去掉粘合剂后，也可以辗轧或均匀地压缩织物，以便于获得均匀渗透性的织物。
然后，将这些编织物固定在预混合气体燃烧炉框架上，作为在火焰平面内的平的或圆筒形隔膜。如WO P 93/18342申请所说明的气体燃烧炉等。常用的丙烷/空气混合物(用化学混合比率和对应过量的空气)供给燃烧炉。投入运转的长时间周期与持续周期范围指从表面辐射系统至蓝色火焰系统，包括期间的突然中断。清楚的结果是，织物的气体渗透性导致了气体在高流动速度时，均匀燃烧前面，没有火焰的回火和产生尖叫声。因而，这是通过隔膜的气体在进口侧和出口侧之间区分温度的很好的标志。总之，CO和NOx的散发量在运转期间保持较低。如果需要，可以推荐用冲压或辗压隔膜织物。
与常用柔韧的烧结薄隔膜相比，这种编织结构具有以下优点。避免了刚性隔膜烧结板膨胀的问题。另外，编织物可以向上卷起的形式提供大的表面，从而可以通过剪断织物达到保持较少的损失这样的目的。如果编织的拉舍尔织物被使用，网孔将保持在0.5至5mm之间。在特殊的隔膜表面区域，根据所用气体流动速度，为了在隔膜内建立不同的自身燃烧系统，网孔的密度可以制成不同于相邻的表面区域。
与烧结金属纤维燃烧炉隔膜相比，编织结构还具有加热非常快的优点。用本发明的织物可以产生很强的热脉冲，如小于一秒钟的脉冲。本发明织物的这个有趣的特点使之能够用作燃烧炉的某些截面，以使玻璃板弯曲。这样的燃烧炉可以包括具有不同热量的区域，如在欧洲专利0,659,697中所揭示的那样。
本发明的织物也能用于过滤针布以分离热气流束中粗的颗粒。在进出隧道式烘炉时，它们也能作为热遮护或屏蔽。
该织物也能用于抛光如摩擦不锈钢表面。圆筒型编织物能够套在条或棒或管上，通过摩擦处理抛光其外表面。
当覆盖有催化激活物时，该织物能作为反应器中催化剂的支撑板。该织物还能作为空气囊过滤器的支撑层。

Claims (15)

1.一种加工织物的方法，所述方法包括下述步骤：
提供通过切削加工获得的金属长丝，所述长丝具有的等效直径在15μm至150μm之间；
压实所述金属长丝，而不使用加捻操作，并且借助于粘合剂将所述金属长丝合并为平行长丝束；
通过机织、针织或者编织将所述合并的束加工成织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述粘合剂是一种围绕在所述束周围的自承重的长丝形状或者带形物体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述粘合剂是一种覆盖或者包裹所述束的胶水。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括从所述织物去除所述粘合剂的步骤。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括通过所述粘合剂连接非金属长丝与所述金属长丝的步骤。
6.一种包括束的织物，所述束包括合并的金属长丝，其中所述长丝在所述束中平行设置，并且具有的等效长丝直径在15μm至150μm之间，其特征在于，所述金属长丝通过切削加工获得，并且所述金属长丝在所述长丝束中被压实。
7.根据权利要求6所述的织物，其特征在于，所述织物针织而成，并且其重量在300g/m2和4000g/m2之间。
8.根据权利要求6所述的织物，其特征在于，所述织物通过碾轧或者均匀加压而被压实。
9.根据权利要求7所述的织物，其特征在于，所述织物具有双层平针织结构或者圆形针织结构。
10.根据权利要求9所述的织物，其特征在于，所述等效长丝直径在25μm至50μm之间，并且其中所述束中的金属纤维的公制支数为Nm 0.5至5。
11.根据权利要求10所述的织物，其特征在于，所述织物重量在800g/m2至2000g/m2之间。
12.根据权利要求6所述的织物，其特征在于，所述金属长丝为不锈钢长丝。
13.根据权利要求6所述的织物，其特征在于，所述金属长丝为钛长丝。
14.根据权利要求6所述的织物，其特征在于，所述金属长丝为包含铬、铝和重量占0.05％至0.3％的钇的铁合金制成。
15.根据权利要求14所述的织物作为气体燃烧炉隔膜使用的用途。
CNB961955317A 1995-07-14 1996-07-11 包括机加工金属长丝束的织物 Expired - Fee Related CN1152163C (zh)

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