CN115160314A - 杂环芳酰胺类化合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
杂环芳酰胺类化合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115160314A CN115160314A CN202210897263.1A CN202210897263A CN115160314A CN 115160314 A CN115160314 A CN 115160314A CN 202210897263 A CN202210897263 A CN 202210897263A CN 115160314 A CN115160314 A CN 115160314A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种杂环芳酰胺类化合物及其制备方法和应用,本发明化合物对URAT1表现出较强的抑制活性且对尿酸分泌转运体OAT1和ABCG2的抑制作用较弱,该化合物可制备治疗高尿酸血症或痛风的药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,尤其涉及杂环芳酰胺类化合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
高尿酸血症的疾病特征是患者血液中尿酸过多导致痛风,其对心血管疾病、代谢紊乱和慢性肾病的风险有很大影响。近年来,尿酸的产生及转运排泄机制和原理正逐步被人们所知晓,针对相关靶点的药物也逐一上市。但很可惜的是,现今临床上所使用的降尿酸药物基本存在严重的副作用、毒性或疗效不佳的问题,如别嘌呤醇与罕见危及生命的超敏综合征有关;丙磺舒还与许多肾排泄药物的相互作用有关;非布索坦是一种XOD抑制剂,肝功能异常是最常见的不良反应。因此,寻找高效、高选择性和低毒的降尿酸药物是目前降尿酸药物开发的主要方向。
苯溴马隆(Benzbromarone,BM)是一种降尿酸药物,在过去30年中一直用于治疗高尿酸血症和痛风。但是由于BM对URAT1的选择性差,进而可能导致严重的肝毒副作用而使它遗憾被撤出市场。BM的肝毒性可以部分解释为其线粒体毒性和随后诱导的细胞凋亡和CYP介导的代谢激活,但肝损伤的特定因果反应性代谢物仍不清楚。研究发现苯溴马隆的肝毒性作用是由呋喃环上的苯并呋喃结构和侧链所导致,因此基于苯溴马隆设计出选择性更强、毒性更低的URAT1抑制剂具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决上述现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此,本发明第一个方面提出一种杂环芳酰胺类化合物,其能够对URAT1表现出较强的抑制活性且对尿酸分泌转运体OAT1和ABCG2的抑制作用较弱,该化合物可制备治疗高尿酸血症或痛风的药物。
本发明的第二个方面提出了一种所述杂环芳酰胺类化合物的制备方法。
本发明的第三个方面提出了一种包含所述杂环芳酰胺类化合物的药物组合物。
本发明的第四个方面提出了一种所述杂环芳酰胺类化合物或所述药物组合物的应用。
本发明的第五个方面提出了一种所述杂环芳酰胺类化合物或所述药物组合物的又一应用。
根据本发明的第一个方面,提出了式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体、其同位素标记衍生物、其药学上可接受的盐、其前药或其溶剂化物:
其中,R1、R2分别独立选自氢、卤素、硝基、C1~C4烷基、C1~C4烷氧基、卤素取代的C1~C4烷基、卤素取代的C1~C4烷氧基;
在本发明的一些实施方式中,R1、R2分别独立选自氢、氟、氯、溴、碘、硝基、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、卤代甲基、卤代乙基、卤代丙基、卤代丁基、卤代甲氧基、卤代乙氧基、卤代丙氧基、卤代丁氧基。
在本发明的一些更优选的实施方式中,所述化合物选自:
根据本发明的第二个方面,提出了一种制备所述的化合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:式1化合物与卤代苄反应制得式2化合物,水解后制得式3化合物;
S2:式3化合物与式II化合物缩合制得化合物4;
S3:三氟乙酸与式4化合物反应制得式I化合物;
其中,R1、R2和R3分别如上述所定义。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,S2中所述缩合的反应条件可以根据现有的缩合反应确定,本领域技术人员知晓,根据产物的不同,可选择性地对原料配比、溶剂、催化剂、反应温度等方面进行调整。此外,以上所提供的反应路线及以下所列举的实施例均为示例性的,不作为对本发明化合物制备方法的限定,本领域技术人员可以对该缩合反应路线进行调整,甚至直接购买中间体作为反应原料。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中,S1中,所述卤代苄包括氟苄、氯化苄、溴化苄、碘化苄的任意一种。
根据本发明的第三个方面,提出一种药物组合物,包括所述的式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体、其同位素标记衍生物、其药学上可接受的盐、其前药或其溶剂化物,以及任选地,药学上可接受的辅料。
本发明的药物组合物适用于多种给药途径,因而可制成药学上可接受的任一剂型。例如,上述药物组合物可以经口服、肠胃外、直肠或经肺给药等方式施用于需要这种治疗的患者或受试者。用于口服给药时,所述药物组合物可制成口服制剂,例如可以制成常规的口服固体制剂,如片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、颗粒剂等;也可制成口服液体制剂,如口服溶液剂、口服混悬剂、糖浆剂等。制成口服制剂时,可以加入适宜的填充剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂等。用于肠胃外给药时,上述药物组合物也可制成注射剂、包括注射液、注射用无菌粉末与注射用浓溶液。制成注射剂时,可采用现有制药领域中的常规方法生产,配置注射剂时,可以不加入附加剂,也可以根据药物的性质加入适宜的附加剂。用于直肠给药时,所述药物组合物可制成栓剂等。用于经肺给药时,所述药物组合物可制成吸入制剂、气雾剂、粉雾剂或喷雾剂等。
药学上可接受的辅料是指无毒性、与活性成分相容且其他方面生物学性质上适用于生物体的物质。特定辅料的选择将取决于用于治疗特定患者的给药方式或疾病类型和状态。药学上可接受的辅料其实例包括但不限于药学领域常规的溶剂、稀释剂、分散剂、助悬剂、表面活性剂、等渗剂、增稠剂、乳化剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、稳定剂、水合剂、乳化加速剂、缓冲剂、吸收剂、着色剂、离子交换剂、脱模剂、涂布剂、矫味剂、和抗氧化剂等。必要时,还可以在药物组合物中加入香味剂、防腐剂和甜味剂等。
根据本发明的第四个方面,提出一种如所述的式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体、其同位素标记衍生物、其药学上可接受的盐、其前药或其溶剂化物,或所述药物组合物在制备URAT1抑制剂中的应用。
根据本发明的第五个方面,提出一种如所述的式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体、其同位素标记衍生物、其药学上可接受的盐、其前药或其溶剂化物,或所述药物组合物在制备治疗、预防或缓解与尿酸水平升高相关的疾病药物中的应用。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述的与尿酸水平升高相关的疾病选自下组:痛风、高尿酸血症、未达到通常确诊为高尿酸血症的水平的较高尿酸水平、肾功能障碍、尿石病、肾结石、肾衰竭、糖尿病、糖尿病相关的病况、胰岛素抗性、代谢综合征、高血压、甲状腺功能减退、甲状旁腺功能亢进、肥胖症、炎症、肌肉痉挛、局部肿胀、炎症、关节疼痛、心肌梗塞、关节炎、肿瘤溶解综合征、认知障碍、铅中毒、牛皮癣、结节病、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、心血管疾病、动脉粥样硬化、以及血液、骨髓或实体器官的移植。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中,本发明所述的与尿酸水平升高相关的疾病为痛风或者高尿酸血症。
在本发明的一些更优选的实施方式中,本发明所述的与尿酸水平升高相关的疾病为痛风。
在本发明的一些更优选的实施方式中,本发明所述的与尿酸水平升高相关的疾病为高尿酸血症。
在本发明的一些更优选的实施方式中,本发明所述的高尿酸血症为原发性高尿酸血症或者继发性高尿酸血症。
在本发明的一些更优选的实施方式中,本发明所述的继发性高尿血酸血症包括与药物有关的高尿酸血症或与各种不同的医学状况有关的高尿酸血症。
在本发明的一些更优选的实施方式中,本发明所述的尿酸水平为体液中的尿酸水平。
在本发明的一些更优选的实施方式中,本发明所述的尿酸水平为血液中的尿酸水平。
在本发明的一些更优选的实施方式中,本发明所述的尿酸水平为血清尿酸水平。
本发明的化合物或药物组合物可以进一步与一种或多种额外的降尿酸药物联用,在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述额外的降尿酸药物选自下组:黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂、排尿酸剂、尿酸盐转运体-1抑制剂、尿酸酶和抑制素。在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中,所述额外的降尿酸药物选自下组:别嘌醇、非布司他、雷西纳德、苯溴马隆、罗氟斯特、阿普斯特、碳酸氢钠、枸橼酸氢钾钠、枸橼酸钾钠、非甾体抗炎药、糖皮质激素和秋水仙碱。
术语“立体异构体”包括对映异构体和非对映异构体,也包括顺反异构体和互变异构体等。
术语“药学上可接受的”是指在化学上或物理上与构成某药物剂型的其它成分相兼容,并在生理上与受体相兼容。
术语“盐”是指化合物或其立体异构体,与无机酸、有机酸或碱形成的酸式或碱式盐,也包括两性离子盐(内盐),还包括季铵盐,例如烷基铵盐。这些盐可以是在化合物制备过程中经分离和纯化制得,也可以是通过将上述化合物或其立体异构体,与一定数量的酸或碱适当(例如等当量)进行混合而得到。这些盐可能在溶液中形成沉淀而以过滤方法收集,或在溶剂蒸发后回收而得到,或在水介质中反应后冷冻干燥制得。本发明中所述盐可以是化合物的盐酸盐、硫酸盐、枸橼酸盐、苯磺酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢氟酸盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁二酸盐、草酸盐、苹果酸盐、琥珀酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、酒石酸盐或三氟乙酸盐等。
本发明所述的“前药”表示体内迅速转化得到上式母体化合物的化合物,其可在体内或
者体外的环境中通过化学或生化方法被转换成本发明的化合物,例如借助血液中的水解作用。
本发明的化合物能够以非溶剂化以及溶剂化形式存在,溶剂化包括水合物形式。一般而言,溶剂化形式等价于未溶剂化形式,也涵盖在本发明的范围内。
在某些实施方式中,本发明的一种或多种化合物可以彼此联合使用。也可选择将本发明的化合物与任何其它的活性试剂结合使用,用于制备调控细胞功能或治疗疾病的药物或药物组合物。如果使用的是一组化合物,则可将这些化合物同时、分别或有序地对受试对象进行给药。
本发明的有益效果为:本发明的化合物对URAT1表现出较强的抑制活性且对尿酸分泌转运体OAT1和ABCG2的抑制作用较弱,该化合物可制备治疗高尿酸血症或痛风的药物。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,其中:
图1为本发明试验例2和试验例3中化合物JNS4和苯溴马隆对OAT1(A)和ABCG2(B)的抑制作用。
图2为本发明试验例4中化合物JNS4和BM对高尿酸血症小鼠的降尿效果。
图3为本发明试验例5中化合物JNS4(A、B)和苯溴马隆(C、D)在SD大鼠体内的血浆浓度-时间曲线。
图4为本发明试验例6中化合物JNS4和BM处理的小鼠血清GSH含量时效曲线。
图5为本发明试验例7中化合物JNS4和BM对HepG2细胞(A)、HK2细胞(B)的毒性测定。
图6为本发明试验例8中化合物JNS4和BM体内性毒性评估,其中,A为小鼠体重的增长曲线;B为血清ALT/AST水平以反映肝毒性;C为血清CR水平;D为血清BUN水平。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明的构思及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整地描述,以充分地理解本发明的目的、特征和效果。显然,所描述的实施例只是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,基于本发明的实施例,本领域的技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的其他实施例,均属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例制备了化合物JNS1,(3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基)(3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯基)甲酮:
合成路线:
具体过程为:
(1)中间体2的合成:4-(苄氧基)-3,5-二氯苯甲酸苄酯
将3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯甲酸(5.00g,24.15mmol)和碳酸钾(6.68g,48.3mmol)加入200mL茄型瓶中。向混合物中加入DMF(30mL),并在室温下搅拌30分钟。然后加入苄溴(48.31mmol),混合物在80℃搅拌3小时。原料完全消耗后,加入水(100mL),混合物用乙酸乙酯(200mL×3)萃取。合并的萃取物用盐水洗涤,并在水浴上使用旋转蒸发除去溶液。残余物在硅胶柱色谱上纯化,得到黄色固体2。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ7.99(s,2H),7.52(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),7.48(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),7.44–7.37(m,6H),5.36(s,2H),5.11(s,2H)。
(2)中间体3的合成:4-(苄氧基)-3,5-二氯苯甲酸
将中间体2(1.00mmol)溶解在MeOH(10mL)后,加入KOH(2.00mmol)饱和溶液,并将所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。反应完毕,减压蒸除MeOH并向残余物中加入冰冷的水(20mL)。然后用1N稀盐酸调节pH至2-3。抽滤得到白色固体3。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ7.96(s,2H),7.54(d,J=6.9Hz,2H),7.42(d,J=7.4Hz,3H),5.11(s,2H)。
(3)中间体4的合成:(4-(苄氧基)-3,5-二氯苯基)(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基)甲酮将中间体3(1mmol)溶解在2mL DMF中,然后加入HATU(1mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2mmol),并将混合物搅拌10分钟之后加入3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶(1.1mmol)并将混合物搅拌过夜。反应完成后,将反应液加入水中(20mL),乙酸乙酯(100mL x 3)萃取。将合并的有机层浓缩并在硅胶柱色谱上纯化,得到黄色固体4。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.31–8.28(m,1H),8.24(s,1H),8.03–8.00(m,1H),7.95(d,J=3.8Hz,2H),7.56(t,J=6.7Hz,2H),7.47–7.41(m,4H),5.18(s,2H).
(4)合成化合物JNS1:(3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基)(3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯基)甲酮
将中间体4(0.3mmol)溶解在三氟乙酸(5mL)中,回流并搅拌2小时。原料耗尽后,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(10mL)以淬灭反应。然后用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取反应混合物。合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩得到残余物,通过重结晶纯化得到最终化合物JNS1。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.33(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),8.04(s,1H),7.97(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.50(s,2H),7.35(dd,J=7.9,4.7Hz,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.58,153.43,147.52,144.19,130.01,126.81,125.92,123.65,122.32,119.11,116.69,87.56.
实施例2
本实施例制备了化合物JNS2,(4-氯-7H-吡咯[2,3-d]嘧啶-7-基)(3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例1的方法,把3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶替换成4-氯-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶,可制得化合物JNS2。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.67(s,1H),7.96(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),7.46(s,2H),6.83(d,J=3.8Hz,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.55,153.38,152.11,150.84,150.59,129.97,128.56,123.61,122.26,116.91,99.12.
实施例3
本实施例制备了化合物JNS3,(3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯基)(1H-吲唑-1-基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例1的方法,把3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶替换成1H-吲唑,可制的化合物JNS3。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.58(s,1H),8.41(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.11(s,1H),7.97(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.85(s,1H),7.69(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.48(t,J=7.5Hz,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.58,153.45,140.26,133.73,130.03,126.27,123.67,123.17,122.34,120.86,120.55,110.47.
实施例4
本实施例制备了化合物JNS4,(3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯基)(1H-吡咯[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例1的方法,把3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶替换成1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶,可制得化合物JNS4。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.21(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),8.10(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.91(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.76(s,2H),7.28(dd,J=7.8,4.7Hz,1H),6.85(d,J=4.0Hz,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.62,153.50,148.70,142.70,130.03,128.50,126.37,123.63,122.34,120.07,115.77,100.19.
实施例5
本实施例制备了化合物JNS5,(3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯基)(1H-吡咯[3,2-b]吡啶-1-基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例1的方法,把3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶替换成1H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶,可制得化合物JNS5。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.53(d,J=4.2Hz,1H),8.41(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),7.73(s,2H),7.35(dd,J=8.1,4.6Hz,1H),6.85(d,J=3.4Hz,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ166.06,155.92,144.14,140.74,131.15,129.95,129.65,122.72,121.36,121.02,116.59,100.69.
实施例6
本实施例制备了化合物JNS6,(3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯基)(1H-吡咯[2,3-c]吡啶-1-基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例1的方法,把3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶替换成1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶,可制得化合物JNS6。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.20(s,1H),8.31(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),7.66(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),7.53(d,J=12.7Hz,2H),6.76(d,J=3.1Hz,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ166.65,159.08,134.69,134.38,133.20,132.61,131.35,129.84,123.03,118.14,116.20,102.12.
实施例7
本实施例制备了化合物JNS7,(5-溴代吲哚-1-基)(3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例1的方法,把3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶替换成5-溴二氢吲哚,可制得化合物JNS7。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.57(s,2H),7.27(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.16(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.02(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.06(t,J=8.2Hz,2H),3.07(t,J=8.1Hz,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.57,153.98,153.43,130.01,129.47,123.65,122.31,119.54,119.18,107.64,45.75,30.99.
实施例8
本实施例制备了化合物JNS8,(3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯基)(1H-吡咯[3,2-c]吡啶-1-基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例1的方法,把3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶替换成1H-吡咯并[3,2-c]吡啶,可制得化合物JNS8。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.23(s,1H),8.61(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),8.28(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),7.92(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),7.82(s,2H),7.07(d,J=3.6Hz,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ166.76,160.02,141.36,138.54,133.95,130.86,129.80,124.76,123.11,117.08,108.91,103.09.
实施例9
本实施例制备了化合物JNS9,(3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯基)(5-甲基-1H-吲唑-1-基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例1的方法,把3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶替换成5-甲基-1H-吲唑,可制得化合物JNS9。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.94(s,1H),7.83(s,2H),7.50(s,1H),7.42(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.17(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),2.39(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.67,153.86,138.98,133.01,130.01,129.30,128.27,123.55,123.25,122.38,119.66,110.17,21.28.
实施例10
本实施例制备了化合物JNS10,(3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯基)(2-甲基吲哚-1-基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例1的方法,把3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶替换成甲基吲哚啉,可制得化合物JNS10。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.61(s,2H),7.40(s,1H),7.30(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.13(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.03(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),4.67–4.57(m,1H),3.45(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.64(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),1.08(d,J=6.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.63,153.66,151.83,130.00,128.68,127.29,124.63,123.45,122.35,117.36,108.62,54.84,37.65,22.34.
实施例11
本实施例制备了化合物JNS11,(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(1H-吡咯[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例4的方法,把3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯甲酸替换成3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯甲酸,可制得化合物JNS11。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.21(s,1H),8.10(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.93(s,2H),7.29(s,2H),6.86(s,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.68,155.21,147.89,144.13,134.87,130.16,128.14,127.63,123.31,119.60,111.19,106.66.
实施例12
本实施例制备了化合物JNS12,(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)(1H-吡咯[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例4的方法,把3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯甲酸替换成4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯甲酸,可制得化合物JNS12。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3-d)δ8.50(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),8.12(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.65(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),7.40(s,2H),7.35(dd,J=7.7,5.1Hz,1H),6.68(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),2.22(s,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ167.87,157.99,148.81,142.79,130.42,128.43,126.36,124.27,121.58,120.03,115.79,100.17,16.95.
实施例13
本实施例制备了化合物JNS13,(4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)(1H-吡咯[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例4的方法,把3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯甲酸替换成4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸,可制得化合物JNS13。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3-d)δ8.44(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.97(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.71(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),7.42–7.35(m,1H),7.14(s,2H),6.65(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),3.88(s,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ167.73,148.79,147.84,142.79,140.61,128.46,126.37,120.80,120.05,115.79,107.25,100.19,56.32.
实施例14
本实施例制备了化合物JNS14,(3-氟-4-羟基苯基)(1H-吡咯[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例4的方法,把3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯甲酸替换成3-氟-4-羟基苯甲酸,可制得化合物JNS14。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.86(s,1H),8.26(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),8.08(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.95(s,2H),7.62(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.52(s,1H),7.13(dd,J=7.7,4.8Hz,1H),6.51(d,J=2.4Hz,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ166.21,150.36,147.95,144.06,130.12,128.50,127.76,124.93,123.11,119.35,119.14,117.50,105.92.
实施例15
本实施例制备了化合物JNS15,(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)(1H-吡咯[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例4的方法,把3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯甲酸替换成3-甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸,可制得化合物JNS15。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.23(d,J=3.7Hz,1H),8.09(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.82(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.57(s,1H),7.46(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),6.89(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.78(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),2.16(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ167.24,160.89,148.01,143.95,133.85,131.09,130.02,128.77,124.42,123.96,122.91,119.10,114.46,105.20,16.17.
实施例16
本实施例制备了化合物JNS16,(3-溴-4-羟基苯基)(1H-吡咯[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例4的方法,把3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯甲酸替换成3-溴-4-羟基苯甲酸,可制得化合物JNS16。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3-d)δ8.51(s,1H),8.21(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.96(s,1H),7.69(s,1H),7.57(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.44(s,1H),7.06(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.77(s,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ166.44,158.63,146.58,140.85,134.64,130.86,130.56,127.26,121.34,116.37,115.84,109.44,100.81.
实施例17
本实施例制备了化合物JNS17,(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)(1H-吡咯[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例4的方法,把3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯甲酸替换成香草酸,可制得化合物JNS17。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3-d)δ8.35(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.71(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),7.46(s,1H),7.38(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.19(dd,J=7.7,4.8Hz,1H),6.95(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),6.63(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),3.92(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ167.05,152.27,148.16,147.54,144.04,129.94,128.77,125.81,124.31,122.92,119.19,115.26,114.74,105.34,56.12.
实施例18
本实施例制备了化合物JNS18,(3-氯-4-羟基苯基)(1H-吡咯[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例4的方法,把3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯甲酸替换成3-氯-4-羟基苯甲酸,可制得化合物JNS18。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3-d6)δ8.37(dd,J=4.8,1.3Hz,1H),8.00(dd,J=7.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.72(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.67(dd,J=8.5,2.0Hz,1H),7.28(s,1H),7.08(dd,J=8.5,2.9Hz,1H),6.68(d,J=4.0Hz,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ166.65,157.64,148.77,142.76,131.63,130.24,128.46,126.35,123.02,120.08,116.69,115.78,100.18.
实施例19
本实施例制备了化合物JNS19,(4-羟基苯基)(1H-吡咯[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例4的方法,把3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯甲酸替换成4-羟基苯甲酸,可制得化合物JNS19。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.21(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),8.08(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.65(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.28–7.24(m,1H),6.88(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),6.79(d,J=2.0Hz,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ167.67,162.05,148.79,142.79,132.00,128.46,126.36,121.80,120.05,115.80,115.56,100.20.
实施例20
本实施例制备了化合物JNS20,(4-羟基-3-硝基苯基)(1H-吡咯[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基)甲酮:
具体过程为:
参照实施例4的方法,把3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯甲酸替换成4-羟基-3-硝基苯甲酸,可制得化合物JNS20。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.31(s,1H),8.20(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),8.11(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.95(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),7.29(dd,J=7.7,4.8Hz,1H),7.23(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),6.88(d,J=4.0Hz,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ166.04,156.05,148.72,142.71,136.98,135.88,128.48,127.25,126.37,122.07,120.06,119.63,115.77,100.18.
药理实验证明,本发明化合物具有URAT1抑制活性,可用于制备降尿酸药物。下面是本发明化合物的药理实验结果:
试验例1杂环芳酰胺类化合物对URAT1抑制活性研究
本发明化合物的URAT1抑制测试结果表明本发明化合物对URAT1抑制效果明显,化合物可制备治疗高尿酸血症或痛风的药物。
实验原理:14C-尿酸吸收缓冲液可用来模拟肾脏hURAT1蛋白转运尿酸体内的离子交换环境。待细胞吸收14C-尿酸后,通过测定细胞14C-尿酸的放射值,计算药物对URAT1抑制活性。
实验方法:将稳定过表达URAT1的HEK293细胞以1×105/孔的密度接种到由多聚-D-赖氨酸粘附的96孔板中,培养24小时后进行细胞实验。首先,将细胞用含或不含有测试化合物的摄取缓冲液孵育30分钟。然后加入终浓度为25μM的14C-尿酸进行摄取试验。15分钟后,去除细胞外14C-尿酸,然后用冰冷的DPBS洗涤细胞以终止反应。通过加入25μL 0.1M氢氧化钠裂解细胞,随后加入0.1mL闪烁液。使用液体闪烁计数仪测定细胞内14C-尿酸的放射性。
实验结果:结果表明该类化合物均对URAT1有较好的的抑制作用(见表1),其中活性最好的为JNS4,IC50为0.80μM。该化合物被选择用来进一步活性研究。
表1化合物体外对URAT1的抑制作用的IC50值
备注:数据显示为平均值±SD;n=4。
试验例2通过6-CFL摄取检测化合物JNS4对OAT1的抑制效应
将HEK293细胞铺在PDL包被的96孔板中,待细胞密度长到70%~80%后,将pcDNA3.1(+)-OAT1质粒按照100ng/孔瞬时转染到细胞中。细胞生长24小时后,将HEK293-OAT1细胞用含或不含测试化合物的HBSS缓冲液孵育30分钟,然后加入终浓度为100μM的6-CFL进行摄取15分钟。吸弃细胞外6-CFL后,用冰冷的DPBS洗涤细胞两次。随后加入100uL0.1M NaOH裂解细胞,用酶标仪测定细胞裂解物的荧光强度(激发波长:485nm/发射波长:535nm),结果如图1A所示,数据显示为平均值±SD,n=4。
实验结果:结果表明JNS4对OAT1的抑制IC50为10.16μM,而苯溴马隆对OAT1抑制的IC50为2.12μM(图1A)。说明JNS4对OAT1的抑制作用较弱,对URAT1的选择性较强。
试验例3.化合物JNS4对ABCG2的抑制效应
将HEK293细胞铺在100mm的大皿中,待细胞密度达到70~80%后,用lipo3000将pcDNA3.1(+)-ABCG2质粒转染到HEK293细胞中,24小时后通过超高速离心法制备囊泡。将14C-尿酸加入50μL膜囊泡混合物中(终浓度为20μmol/L)。给药组加入不同浓度抑制剂(空白组与模型组不加抑制剂),在37℃下孵育30min,使抑制剂与ABCG2完全结合。再加入终浓度为4mmol/L的ATP(空白加入AMP作为背景对照)开始反应,吸收15min后立即加入200μL的冰冷DPBS缓冲液停止反应,将溶液加入0.45μM超滤管,立即以3000g快速离心20s,重复两次(离心洗掉囊泡外尿酸溶液)。将沉淀取出后放入离心管内,加入200μL0.1mol/L NaOH使囊泡溶解,释放囊泡内尿酸,此时的尿酸即为ABCG2摄取的尿酸。加入0.5mL闪烁剂后涡旋震荡,使闪烁液与同位素充分混匀,转移到24孔板内,用液体闪烁计数仪测定放射性,并计算化合物抑制ABCG2的IC50,结果如图1B所示,数据显示为平均值±SD,n=4。
实验结果:结果表明化合物JNS4体外抑制ABCG2的IC50为4.04μM,而苯溴马隆的IC50为0.34μM,结果表明化合物JNS4对ABCG2的抑制能力较弱(图1B)。
试验例4.化合物JNS4体内尿酸盐降低评估
将40只雄性昆明小鼠按照体重平均分为8组(n=5),适应性喂养7天后,第七天晚上禁食12小时,第8天模型组和给药组皮下注射400mg/kg氧嗪酸钾,同时灌胃给药给予600mg/kg次黄嘌呤。空白组分别注射和灌胃等体积的空白溶剂0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)作为对照。1小时后,给药组分别给于1mg/kg、2mg/kg和4mg/kg BM和化合物JNS4以及2mg/kg来司诺雷(Lesinurad)。空白组与模型组小鼠分别灌胃给于空白溶剂0.5%CMC-Na。给药3h后,从眼眶静脉取血,在3000g下离心10分钟分离血清,通过尿酸检测试剂盒检测血清尿酸水平,结果如图2所示,与空白组相比,***P<0.001;ns,与模型组相比,P>0.05.#P<0.05,##P<0.01和###P<0.001;数据显示为平均值±SD,n=5。
实验结果:结果表明化合物JNS4在2mg/kg具有较好的降尿酸效果,且优于苯溴马隆和来司诺雷(Lesinurad)。
试验例5.化合物JNS4药代动力学研究
将220g左右的雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组(每组n=4),分别为化合物JNS4的静脉注射(5mg/kg)和口服给药(5mg/kg)组及BM的静脉注射(5mg/kg)和口服给药(5mg/kg)组。灌胃组的JNS4和BM溶解在0.5%CMC-Na中给药。对于静脉内给药,将化合物溶解在混合溶液中(DMSO:玉米油=1:9)。在给药后0~24小时从眼眶静脉收集血液样本(0.5mL/次)到肝素钠浸润的离心管中,所有样品以8000rpm离心5分钟,收集血浆样品。用LC-MS/MS(安捷伦,美国)进行含量分析,结果见图3、表2,数据显示为平均值±SD,n=4。
实验结果:结果表明化合物JNS4具有较好的药代动力学性质,生物利用度为55.28%,高于苯溴马隆(36.11%)。
表2 BM和JNS4的主要药代动力学参数(平均值±SD,n=4)
试验例6.化合物JNS4对小鼠血清谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平评估
将雄性KM小鼠分为两组(n=5),在实验前禁食12小时后,小鼠腹膜注射50mg/kg的苯溴马隆或化合物JNS4溶解在玉米油中。在0min、10min和30min以及1h、2h、4h、8h、12h的时间从眶静脉采集血液样本。将血清样品以3000g离心10min,并通过GSH测定试剂盒(南京Njcbio)测定GSH含量,结果如图4所示,n=5,与同时间点BM处理组比较,*P<0.05。
实验结果:结果表明化合物JNS4和苯溴马隆在给药1个小时左右消耗GSH的程度最强,且与苯溴马隆相比,化合物JNS4对GSH的消耗较弱,表明JNS4的代谢产物毒性较小。
试验例7.细胞毒性测定(MTT测定)
将HepG2和HK2细胞以5000/孔的初始密度接种到96孔板中。细胞用不同浓度的化合物JNS4和苯溴马隆(0~400μM)孵育72小时。吸掉溶液后加入0.5mg/mL MTT在37℃下孵育2小时,随后吸弃MTT加入200μL DMSO,震荡溶解并用酶标仪在570nm处测定吸光度,结果如图5所示,数据表示为平均值±SD;*P<0.05,**P<0.01和***P<0.001;n=5。
实验结果:结果表明400μM浓度的苯溴马隆和化合物JNS4对HK2细胞无明显细胞毒性,对HePG2细胞有轻微毒性,但该浓度远超正常给药剂量。在正常剂量化合物JNS4和BM(<100μM)无明显毒性(图5)。
实施例8.BM和化合物JNS4的肝毒性评估
BM的代谢产物,例如1-羟基BBR,被代谢为细胞毒性代谢物,可通过GSH解毒。丁硫氨酸亚砜亚胺(BSO)是一种GSH合成抑制剂,用于消耗GSH以评估该部分的肝毒性。将18~22g雄性昆明小鼠分为5组(n=5)。空白组、BM组、化合物JNS4组接受载体(0.5%CMC-Na)或500mg/kg BSO。两组用50mg/kg的化合物JNS4和BM连续灌胃14天治疗,在每次给药之前对小鼠进行称重。另外两组在BM和化合物JNS4最终给药之前用500mg/kg BSO预处理。最后一次给药后,从眼眶静脉收集血液样本,并在Chemray800自动生化分析仪(中国深圳)上收集血清,以测定丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)活性。此外,检测小鼠血清肌酐(CR)和尿素氮(BUN(水平,评估化合物JNS4和BM治疗的肾损伤,结果如图6所示,数据显示为平均值±SD。n=5。与空白组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01和***P<0.001。与阳性对照组比较,*P<0.05***P<0.001。
实验结果:结果表明50mg/kg的化合物JNS4和BM灌胃14天后,血ALT/AST含量均增加但不明显,加BSO耗竭GSH后,化合物JNS4 ALT/AST的含量明显增加,但化合物JNS4组含量低于BM组,表明化合物JNS4的肝毒性弱与BM,而CR和BUN的含量表明化合物JNS4和BM均无明显的肾毒性(图6)。
根据上述体外实验的结果,可以得出本发明所述的一种含卤素取代并对苯并呋喃环修饰类似物与BM相比,化合物JNS4显示出选择性URAT1抑制,更有效的尿酸盐降低作用,且对尿酸分泌转运体OAT1和ABCG2的抑制作用较弱,缓解肝毒性,可用于制备降尿酸药物。
上面对本发明实施例作了详细说明,但是本发明不限于上述实施例,在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。此外,在不冲突的情况下,本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体、其同位素标记衍生物、其药学上可接受的盐、其前药或其溶剂化物,其特征在于:
R1、R2分别独立选自氢、氟、氯、溴、碘、硝基、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、卤代甲基、卤代乙基、卤代丙基、卤代丁基、卤代甲氧基、卤代乙氧基、卤代丙氧基、卤代丁氧基。
6.一种药物组合物,包括如权利要求1~4任一项所述的式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体、其同位素标记衍生物、其药学上可接受的盐、其前药或其溶剂化物,以及任选地,药学上可接受的辅料。
7.一种如权利要求1~4任一项所述的式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体、其同位素标记衍生物、其药学上可接受的盐、其前药或其溶剂化物,或如权利要求6所述药物组合物在制备URAT1抑制剂中的应用。
8.一种如权利要求1~4任一项所述的式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体、其同位素标记衍生物、其药学上可接受的盐、其前药或其溶剂化物,或如权利要求6所述药物组合物在在制备治疗、预防或缓解与尿酸水平升高相关的疾病药物中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于:所述与尿酸水平升高相关的疾病为痛风或者高尿酸血症。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的尿酸水平为血清尿酸水平。
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