CN115159970B - 一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115159970B CN115159970B CN202210584787.5A CN202210584787A CN115159970B CN 115159970 B CN115159970 B CN 115159970B CN 202210584787 A CN202210584787 A CN 202210584787A CN 115159970 B CN115159970 B CN 115159970B
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052661 anorthite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;calcium;disilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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Abstract
一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶及其制备工艺，天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶包括形成有天蓝釉面的坯体、描绘在天蓝釉面上的彩绘图案和附着在彩绘图案上的透明保护釉；天蓝釉由以下原料组成：方解石、皂石、水镁石、氧化镁、德化石英、高岭土、二氧化钛、氧化铜、氧化铁、氧化镧，通过限定天蓝釉、透明保护釉的原料组成配合特定的烧成工艺，制得的陶瓷花瓶以天蓝釉为底，配以彩绘图案，相互配合，使制得的陶瓷花瓶极具观赏性；其中，限定天蓝釉的的具体组成，以方解石、皂石配合二氧化钛、氧化铜、氧化铁及氧化镧作为显色剂，以使烧成的釉面浅而发蓝，似天蓝色。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于瓷器制备领域，具体涉及一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶及其制备工艺。
背景技术
陶瓷的发展与人类的进步有着密切而久远的联系，它是人类文明的时代标志。不同的烧制工艺烧制出的釉色也不同，釉料在经过高温熔融时产生绚丽的色彩变化，原因主要在釉料的配方，这是影响成品外色的重要因素，同时也是造成入窑一色，出窑万彩的关键因素。
现有的蓝釉的种类少，且生产工艺复杂，烧制不易，在烧制的过程中有70％左右的产品会报废掉，成品率低，因此对原料的浪费巨大，制作成本太高，有待进一步改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的缺点，提供一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶，另一目的是提供一种制备上述陶瓷花瓶的工艺。
本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶，包括形成有天蓝釉面的坯体、描绘在天蓝釉面上的彩绘图案和附着在彩绘图案上的透明保护釉；
天蓝釉由以下重量份的原料组成：方解石16-25份、皂石12-18份、水镁石8-15份、氧化镁2-5份、德化石英15-20份、高岭土8-12份、二氧化钛0.5-0.8份、氧化铜1.2-1.5份、氧化铁1-2份、氧化镧0.3-0.7份；
透明保护釉的化学组成按质量百分比具体如下：SiO2：63.52％、Al2O3：12.57％、Na2O：3.26％、K2O：5.12％、CaO：7.86％、ZnO：1.76％、La2O3：0.32％、MgO：4.27％、B2O3：0.85％、TiO2：0.47％。
进一步的，所述坯体由以下重量份的原料组成：白云石20-25份、钙长石10-15份、德化石英22-28份、高岭土10-16份、海泡石5-10份、锌白3-5份、氧化锆1-2份、锂辉石3-7份、红柱石3-5份、氧化镁2-4份、氧化铝1-3份。
进一步的，所述彩绘图案经彩绘颜料描绘在天蓝釉面上形成，彩绘颜料包括以下重量份的原料：颜料20-25份、石棉粉12-18份、萤石10-15份、硼酸5-10份、偏铝酸钠3-5份、氧化镁3-7、氧化镧1-2份。
一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，按坯体、天蓝釉、透明釉的原料组成分别称重、破碎、混合、湿球磨分别制得泥浆、天蓝釉浆及透明保护釉浆；
步骤二，制备彩绘颜料；
步骤三，将步骤一制得的泥浆过筛、除铁后，制成坯体，待其表面干燥后，将步骤一制得的天蓝釉浆施覆在坯体表面，待天蓝釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在1250-1280℃下，还原烧制得半成品；
步骤四，利用步骤二制得的彩绘颜料在半成品表面描绘彩绘图案，待其干燥后，将步骤一制得的透明保护釉浆湿覆在彩绘图案上；
步骤五，待透明保护釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在980-1020℃下，素烧8-10h，得所述天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶。
进一步的，所述步骤三中，半成品的烧成具体控制如下：
低温阶段：窑炉由常温升至560-600℃，保温烧制1-2h；
氧化阶段：窑炉内继续升温至950-980℃，保温烧制4-6h；
还原阶段：窑炉内气氛转换为还原气氛，继续升温至1250-1280℃，保温烧制7-8h；
保温阶段：窑炉内继续保持还原气氛，保温烧制1-2h；
冷却阶段：窑炉内自然冷却至室温，冷却时间延长至12h以上。
进一步的，所述还原阶段中，窑炉内一氧化碳的浓度为4.8-5.2％，游离氧的浓度为1.0-1.2％。
进一步的，所述保温阶段中，窑炉内一氧化碳的浓度为2.1-2.4％，游离氧的浓度为0.8-1％。
进一步的，步骤五中，透明保护釉浆的烧成分为还原气氛，其中，一氧化碳的浓度为4.2-4.5％，游离氧的浓度为1-1.3％。
进一步的，所述天蓝釉浆的厚度为0.3-0.4mm，透明保护釉浆的厚度为0.2-0.3mm。
由上述对本发明的描述可知，与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
第一，本发明通过限定天蓝釉、透明保护釉的原料组成配合特定的烧成工艺，制得的陶瓷花瓶以天蓝釉为底，配以彩绘图案，相互配合，使制得的陶瓷花瓶极具观赏性；其中，限定天蓝釉的的具体组成，以方解石、皂石配合二氧化钛、氧化铜、氧化铁及氧化镧作为显色剂，以使烧成的釉面浅而发蓝，似天蓝色；通过添加水镁石与氧化镁、高岭土配合，以保证形成的釉面光泽、有亮度，提高陶瓷花瓶的观赏性；限定透明保护釉浆的具体化学组成，对彩绘图案形成保护的同时，在烧制过程中也不会影响天蓝釉及彩绘图案的发色，以明显提高天蓝釉及彩绘图案的呈色，保证彩绘图案及天蓝釉的装饰效果；
第二，限定彩绘颜料的具体组成，添加石棉粉与硼酸配合，提高彩绘颜料的粘结性，进而提高彩绘颜料的附着牢度，使彩绘图案在后续烧成中仍可稳定形成在釉面上，保证彩绘图案的装饰效果；以萤石本身透亮的性质，烧制后部分可呈玻璃光泽，配合氧化镁与氧化镧，以提高烧制后的彩绘图案的整体亮度，装饰效果更加明快；
第三，限定陶瓷花瓶的具体烧成，严格控制天蓝釉的烧成进程，具体限定一氧化碳及游离氧的浓度，以配合天蓝釉的原料组成，使制得的天蓝釉面不发黄，也不会产生烟熏的现象，形成清透发蓝，似天蓝色的釉面；
第四，限定坯体的原料组成，添加红柱石、锂辉石与氧化锆相互配合，以提高坯体的强度，进而提高陶瓷花瓶的整体强度；通过添加多孔结构的海泡石，以减轻制得的陶瓷花瓶的密度，以达到轻质的效果。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述。
一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶，包括形成有天蓝釉面的坯体、描绘在天蓝釉面上的彩绘图案和附着在彩绘图案上的透明保护釉，具体的，天蓝釉的厚度为0.3-0.4mm，透明保护釉的厚度为0.2-0.3mm。
坯体由以下重量份的原料组成：白云石20-25份、钙长石10-15份、德化石英22-28份、高岭土10-16份、海泡石5-10份、锌白3-5份、氧化锆1-2份、锂辉石3-7份、红柱石3-5份、氧化镁2-4份、氧化铝1-3份。
天蓝釉由以下重量份的原料组成：方解石16-25份、皂石12-18份、水镁石8-15份、氧化镁2-5份、德化石英15-20份、高岭土8-12份、二氧化钛0.5-0.8份、氧化铜1.2-1.5份、氧化铁1-2份、氧化镧0.3-0.7份。
彩绘图案经彩绘颜料描绘在天蓝釉面上形成，彩绘颜料包括以下重量份的原料：颜料20-25份、石棉粉12-18份、萤石10-15份、硼酸5-10份、偏铝酸钠3-5份、氧化镁3-7份、氧化镧1-2份。
透明保护釉的化学组成按质量百分比具体如下：SiO2：63.52％、Al2O3：12.57％、Na2O：3.26％、K2O：5.12％、CaO：7.86％、ZnO：1.76％、La2O3：0.32％、MgO：4.27％、B2O3：0.85％、TiO2：0.47％。
一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，按坯体、天蓝釉、透明釉的原料组成分别称重、破碎、混合、湿球磨分别制得泥浆、天蓝釉浆及透明保护釉浆；
步骤二，制备彩绘颜料；
步骤三，将步骤一制得的泥浆过筛、除铁后，制成坯体，待其表面干燥后，将步骤一制得的天蓝釉浆施覆在坯体表面，待天蓝釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在1250-1280℃下，还原烧制得半成品，烧成具体控制如下：
低温阶段：窑炉由常温升至560-600℃，保温烧制1-2h；
氧化阶段：窑炉内继续升温至950-980℃，保温烧制4-6h；
还原阶段：窑炉内气氛转换为还原气氛，继续升温至1250-1280℃，保温烧制7-8h；
保温阶段：窑炉内继续保持还原气氛，保温烧制1-2h；
冷却阶段：窑炉内自然冷却至室温，冷却时间延长至12h以上；
步骤四，利用步骤二制得的彩绘颜料在半成品表面描绘彩绘图案，待其干燥后，将步骤一制得的透明保护釉浆湿覆在彩绘图案上；
步骤五，待透明保护釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在980-1020℃下，素烧8-10h，得所述天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶。
具体的，步骤三中，还原阶段中，窑炉内一氧化碳的浓度为4.8-5.2％，游离氧的浓度为1.0-1.2％；保温阶段中，窑炉内一氧化碳的浓度为2.1-2.4％，游离氧的浓度为0.8-1％。
步骤五中，透明保护釉浆的烧成分为还原气氛，其中，一氧化碳的浓度为4.2-4.5％，游离氧的浓度为1-1.3％。
实施例1
一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶，包括形成有天蓝釉面的坯体、描绘在天蓝釉面上的彩绘图案和附着在彩绘图案上的透明保护釉，具体的，天蓝釉的厚度为0.3mm，透明保护釉的厚度为0.2mm。
坯体由以下重量份的原料组成：白云石20份、钙长石15份、德化石英22份、高岭土16份、海泡石5份、锌白5份、氧化锆1份、锂辉石7份、红柱石3份、氧化镁4份、氧化铝1份。
天蓝釉由以下重量份的原料组成：方解石16份、皂石18份、水镁石15份、氧化镁2份、德化石英15份、高岭土12份、二氧化钛0.5份、氧化铜1.5份、氧化铁1份、氧化镧0.7份。
彩绘图案经彩绘颜料描绘在天蓝釉面上形成，彩绘颜料包括以下重量份的原料：颜料20份、石棉粉18份、萤石10份、硼酸10份、偏铝酸钠3份、氧化镁7份、氧化镧1份。
透明保护釉的化学组成按质量百分比具体如下：SiO2：63.52％、Al2O3：12.57％、Na2O：3.26％、K2O：5.12％、CaO：7.86％、ZnO：1.76％、La2O3：0.32％、MgO：4.27％、B2O3：0.85％、TiO2：0.47％。
一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，按坯体、天蓝釉、透明釉的原料组成分别称重、破碎、混合、湿球磨分别制得泥浆、天蓝釉浆及透明保护釉浆；
步骤二，制备彩绘颜料；
步骤三，将步骤一制得的泥浆过筛、除铁后，制成坯体，待其表面干燥后，将步骤一制得的天蓝釉浆施覆在坯体表面，待天蓝釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在1250℃下，还原烧制得半成品，烧成具体控制如下：
低温阶段：窑炉由常温升至560℃，保温烧制2h；
氧化阶段：窑炉内继续升温至950℃，保温烧制6h；
还原阶段：窑炉内气氛转换为还原气氛，继续升温至1250℃，保温烧制8h；
保温阶段：窑炉内继续保持还原气氛，保温烧制1h；
冷却阶段：窑炉内自然冷却至室温，冷却时间延长至12h以上；
步骤四，利用步骤二制得的彩绘颜料在半成品表面描绘彩绘图案，待其干燥后，将步骤一制得的透明保护釉浆湿覆在彩绘图案上；
步骤五，待透明保护釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在980℃下，素烧10h，得所述天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶。
具体的，步骤三中，还原阶段中，窑炉内一氧化碳的浓度为4.8％，游离氧的浓度为1.0％；保温阶段中，窑炉内一氧化碳的浓度为2.1％，游离氧的浓度为0.8％。
步骤五中，透明保护釉浆的烧成分为还原气氛，其中，一氧化碳的浓度为4.2％，游离氧的浓度为1％。
实施例2
一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶，包括形成有天蓝釉面的坯体、描绘在天蓝釉面上的彩绘图案和附着在彩绘图案上的透明保护釉，具体的，天蓝釉的厚度为0.4mm，透明保护釉的厚度为0.3mm。
坯体由以下重量份的原料组成：白云石25份、钙长石10份、德化石英28份、高岭土10份、海泡石10份、锌白3份、氧化锆2份、锂辉石3份、红柱石5份、氧化镁2份、氧化铝3份。
天蓝釉由以下重量份的原料组成：方解石25份、皂石12份、水镁石8份、氧化镁5份、德化石英20份、高岭土8份、二氧化钛0.8份、氧化铜1.2份、氧化铁2份、氧化镧0.3份。
彩绘图案经彩绘颜料描绘在天蓝釉面上形成，彩绘颜料包括以下重量份的原料：颜料25份、石棉粉12份、萤石15份、硼酸5份、偏铝酸钠5份、氧化镁3份、氧化镧2份。
透明保护釉的化学组成按质量百分比具体如下：SiO2：63.52％、Al2O3：12.57％、Na2O：3.26％、K2O：5.12％、CaO：7.86％、ZnO：1.76％、La2O3：0.32％、MgO：4.27％、B2O3：0.85％、TiO2：0.47％。
一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，按坯体、天蓝釉、透明釉的原料组成分别称重、破碎、混合、湿球磨分别制得泥浆、天蓝釉浆及透明保护釉浆；
步骤二，制备彩绘颜料；
步骤三，将步骤一制得的泥浆过筛、除铁后，制成坯体，待其表面干燥后，将步骤一制得的天蓝釉浆施覆在坯体表面，待天蓝釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在1280℃下，还原烧制得半成品，烧成具体控制如下：
低温阶段：窑炉由常温升至600℃，保温烧制1h；
氧化阶段：窑炉内继续升温至980℃，保温烧制4h；
还原阶段：窑炉内气氛转换为还原气氛，继续升温至1280℃，保温烧制7h；
保温阶段：窑炉内继续保持还原气氛，保温烧制2h；
冷却阶段：窑炉内自然冷却至室温，冷却时间延长至12h以上；
步骤四，利用步骤二制得的彩绘颜料在半成品表面描绘彩绘图案，待其干燥后，将步骤一制得的透明保护釉浆湿覆在彩绘图案上；
步骤五，待透明保护釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在1020℃下，素烧8h，得所述天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶。
具体的，步骤三中，还原阶段中，窑炉内一氧化碳的浓度为5.2％，游离氧的浓度为1.2％；保温阶段中，窑炉内一氧化碳的浓度为2.4％，游离氧的浓度为1％。
步骤五中，透明保护釉浆的烧成分为还原气氛，其中，一氧化碳的浓度为4.5％，游离氧的浓度为1.3％。
实施例3
一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶，包括形成有天蓝釉面的坯体、描绘在天蓝釉面上的彩绘图案和附着在彩绘图案上的透明保护釉，具体的，天蓝釉的厚度为0.35mm，透明保护釉的厚度为0.25mm。
坯体由以下重量份的原料组成：白云石22份、钙长石12份、德化石英25份、高岭土13份、海泡石8份、锌白4份、氧化锆1.5份、锂辉石5份、红柱石4份、氧化镁3份、氧化铝2份。
天蓝釉由以下重量份的原料组成：方解石21份、皂石15份、水镁石12份、氧化镁3份、德化石英18份、高岭土10份、二氧化钛0.6份、氧化铜1.3份、氧化铁1.5份、氧化镧0.5份。
彩绘图案经彩绘颜料描绘在天蓝釉面上形成，彩绘颜料包括以下重量份的原料：颜料22份、石棉粉15份、萤石12份、硼酸7份、偏铝酸钠4份、氧化镁5份、氧化镧1.5份。
透明保护釉的化学组成按质量百分比具体如下：SiO2：63.52％、Al2O3：12.57％、Na2O：3.26％、K2O：5.12％、CaO：7.86％、ZnO：1.76％、La2O3：0.32％、MgO：4.27％、B2O3：0.85％、TiO2：0.47％。
一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，按坯体、天蓝釉、透明釉的原料组成分别称重、破碎、混合、湿球磨分别制得泥浆、天蓝釉浆及透明保护釉浆；
步骤二，制备彩绘颜料；
步骤三，将步骤一制得的泥浆过筛、除铁后，制成坯体，待其表面干燥后，将步骤一制得的天蓝釉浆施覆在坯体表面，待天蓝釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在1265℃下，还原烧制得半成品，烧成具体控制如下：
低温阶段：窑炉由常温升至580℃，保温烧制1.5h；
氧化阶段：窑炉内继续升温至965℃，保温烧制5h；
还原阶段：窑炉内气氛转换为还原气氛，继续升温至1265℃，保温烧制7.5h；
保温阶段：窑炉内继续保持还原气氛，保温烧制1.5h；
冷却阶段：窑炉内自然冷却至室温，冷却时间延长至12h以上；
步骤四，利用步骤二制得的彩绘颜料在半成品表面描绘彩绘图案，待其干燥后，将步骤一制得的透明保护釉浆湿覆在彩绘图案上；
步骤五，待透明保护釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在1000℃下，素烧9h，得所述天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶。
具体的，步骤三中，还原阶段中，窑炉内一氧化碳的浓度为5.0％，游离氧的浓度为1.1％；保温阶段中，窑炉内一氧化碳的浓度为2.27％，游离氧的浓度为0.9％。
步骤五中，透明保护釉浆的烧成分为还原气氛，其中，一氧化碳的浓度为4.35％，游离氧的浓度为1.15％。
本发明通过限定天蓝釉、透明保护釉的原料组成配合特定的烧成工艺，制得的陶瓷花瓶以天蓝釉为底，配以彩绘图案，相互配合，使制得的陶瓷花瓶极具观赏性；其中，限定天蓝釉的的具体组成，以方解石、皂石配合二氧化钛、氧化铜、氧化铁及氧化镧作为显色剂，以使烧成的釉面浅而发蓝，似天蓝色；通过添加水镁石与氧化镁、高岭土配合，以保证形成的釉面光泽、有亮度，提高陶瓷花瓶的观赏性；限定透明保护釉浆的具体化学组成，对彩绘图案形成保护的同时，在烧制过程中也不会影响天蓝釉及彩绘图案的发色，以明显提高天蓝釉及彩绘图案的呈色，保证彩绘图案及天蓝釉的装饰效果。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，故不能以此限定本发明实施的范围，即依本发明申请专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰，皆应仍属本发明专利涵盖的范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶，其特征在于：包括形成有天蓝釉面的坯体、描绘在天蓝釉面上的彩绘图案和附着在彩绘图案上的透明保护釉；
天蓝釉由以下重量份的原料组成：方解石16-25份、皂石12-18份、水镁石8-15份、氧化镁2-5份、德化石英15-20份、高岭土8-12份、二氧化钛0.5-0.8份、氧化铜1.2-1.5份、氧化铁1-2份、氧化镧0.3-0.7份；
透明保护釉的化学组成按质量百分比具体如下：SiO2：63.52％、Al2O3：12.57％、Na2O：3.26％、K2O：5.12％、CaO：7.86％、ZnO：1.76％、La2O3：0.32％、MgO：4.27％、B2O3：0.85％、TiO2：0.47％；
其制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，按坯体、天蓝釉、透明釉的原料组成分别称重、破碎、混合、湿球磨分别制得泥浆、天蓝釉浆及透明保护釉浆；
步骤二，制备彩绘颜料；
步骤三，将步骤一制得的泥浆过筛、除铁后，制成坯体，待其表面干燥后，将步骤一制得的天蓝釉浆施覆在坯体表面，待天蓝釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在1250-1280℃下，还原烧制得半成品；
步骤四，利用步骤二制得的彩绘颜料在半成品表面描绘彩绘图案，待其干燥后，将步骤一制得的透明保护釉浆湿覆在彩绘图案上；
步骤五，待透明保护釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在980-1020℃下，素烧8-10h，得所述天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶；
所述步骤三中，半成品的烧成具体控制如下：
低温阶段：窑炉由常温升至560-600℃，保温烧制1-2h；
氧化阶段：窑炉内继续升温至950-980℃，保温烧制4-6h；
还原阶段：窑炉内气氛转换为还原气氛，继续升温至1250-1280℃，保温烧制7-8h；
保温阶段：窑炉内继续保持还原气氛，保温烧制1-2h；
冷却阶段：窑炉内自然冷却至室温，冷却时间延长至12h以上；
所述还原阶段中，窑炉内一氧化碳的浓度为4.8-5.2％，游离氧的浓度为1.0-1.2％；
所述保温阶段中，窑炉内一氧化碳的浓度为2.1-2.4％，游离氧的浓度为0.8-1％；
步骤五中，透明保护釉浆的烧成分为还原气氛，其中，一氧化碳的浓度为4.2-4.5％，游离氧的浓度为1-1.3％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶，其特征在于：所述坯体由以下重量份的原料组成：白云石20-25份、钙长石10-15份、德化石英22-28份、高岭土10-16份、海泡石5-10份、锌白3-5份、氧化锆1-2份、锂辉石3-7份、红柱石3-5份、氧化镁2-4份、氧化铝1-3份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶，其特征在于：所述彩绘图案经彩绘颜料描绘在天蓝釉面上形成，彩绘颜料包括以下重量份的原料：颜料20-25份、石棉粉12-18份、萤石10-15份、硼酸5-10份、偏铝酸钠3-5份、氧化镁3-7、氧化镧1-2份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种釉上彩天蓝釉陶瓷花瓶，其特征在于：所述天蓝釉浆的厚度为0.3-0.4mm，透明保护釉浆的厚度为0.2-0.3mm。
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