CN115152507A - Water-saving high-yield planting method for pear trees on sandy land - Google Patents
Water-saving high-yield planting method for pear trees on sandy land Download PDFInfo
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- CN115152507A CN115152507A CN202210763917.1A CN202210763917A CN115152507A CN 115152507 A CN115152507 A CN 115152507A CN 202210763917 A CN202210763917 A CN 202210763917A CN 115152507 A CN115152507 A CN 115152507A
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- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 240000001987 Pyrus communis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical group O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000010496 root system development Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 101150054854 POU1F1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000287420 Pyrus x nivalis Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000088401 Pyrus pyrifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001630 Pyrus pyrifolia var culta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011572 Pyrus ussuriensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000290143 Pyrus x bretschneideri Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C3/00—Treating manure; Manuring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
Abstract
The invention discloses a water-saving high-yield planting method of pear trees on sand, which comprises the steps of digging a transplanting pit, laying a crushed stone layer, a humus layer and an expanded clay layer in the transplanting pit, burying a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe in the transplanting pit, and effectively adjusting the water inflow through a water inflow adjusting device, so that excessive water inflow can be effectively prevented while the growth of the pear trees is ensured; meanwhile, the fertilizer is easy to top-dressing from the bottom, the root system development of the pear trees is promoted, the fertility utilization rate can be improved, and the fruit bearing period of the pear trees is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pear tree planting, in particular to a water-saving high-yield planting method of pear trees on sandy land.
Background
The pears belong to the genus of rosaceous, about 25 varieties are distributed in Asia, europe, north Africa and other places, 14 varieties exist in China, china is one of the original centers of the world pears, and the main varieties are 4 systems of autumn pears, white pears, chinese pears and foreign pears. The pear tree has wide cultivation range in China and strong adaptability to climate and soil.
At present, the region for planting pear trees in south is mainly hilly land, and the sandy land is less. The pear trees have low requirements on soil conditions, and sandy soil, loam and clay can be cultivated, but sandy loam which is deep in soil layer, loose in soil quality and good in water supply and drainage is suitable.
At present, pear trees are planted on sand, and watering and topdressing are mainly carried out from the ground surface. The disadvantages of this method are very obvious: 1. the water content degree of the sand below is uncontrollable and difficult to monitor; 2. the surface of the sandy land is very easy to absorb water, a large amount of water is needed for wetting the sandy soil below the sandy land from the surface of the sandy land when the sandy soil is watered from the surface of the sandy land, and meanwhile, the sandy soil is not easy to contain water, so that the excessive water at the bottom of the pear tree is very easy to cause; 3. the effect of topdressing from the earth surface is not good, a large amount of fertility is wasted, and moreover, the topdressing on the earth surface easily causes the root system of the pear tree to be shallow, and the growth and fruit bearing of the pear tree are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a water-saving high-yield planting method of pear trees on sand, which comprises the steps of digging a transplanting pit, laying a crushed stone layer, a humus layer and an expanded clay layer in the transplanting pit, burying a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe in the transplanting pit, and effectively adjusting the water inflow through a water inflow adjusting device, so that excessive water inflow can be effectively prevented while the growth of the pear trees is ensured; and meanwhile, top dressing is easy to be performed from the bottom, the root system development of the pear trees is promoted, the fertility utilization rate can be improved, and the fruiting period of the pear trees is shortened.
A water-saving high-yield planting method of pear trees on sandy land comprises the steps of transplanting pear tree seedlings of 3-6 months old into transplanting pits, respectively laying a crushed stone layer and an expanded clay layer at the bottoms of the transplanting pits, and further laying a humic layer above the crushed stone layer; a water inlet pipe is arranged on the side edge of the transplanting pit and is connected with a water outlet pipe through a water inlet adjusting device; the water inlet adjusting device is characterized in that a hose is arranged in the center of the water inlet adjusting device, two ends of the hose are connected with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe respectively, a hard top cover is arranged at the top of the water inlet adjusting device, an elastic bottom cover is arranged at the bottom of the water inlet adjusting device, the hard top cover is connected with the elastic bottom cover through an elastic sealing block, and a clamping plate is arranged on the elastic bottom cover.
Furthermore, the water inlet pipe is made of transparent materials.
Furthermore, the expanded clay layer is made of montmorillonite or bentonite.
Further, the outlet of the water outlet pipe is positioned in the humus layer.
Furthermore, the medical stone particles are added into the crushed stone layer according to the proportion of 3.6-4.0kg per plant.
Furthermore, the plurality of water inlet pipes can be connected with an irrigation system, the irrigation system comprises a water pump and a water delivery main pipe, and the tail end of the water delivery main pipe is provided with an opening; the water delivery main pipe is provided with a plurality of distributive pipes, and the distributive pipes are connected with the water inlet pipe.
Furthermore, a valve is arranged on the water distribution pipe.
Furthermore, in the planting method, a small amount of yeast powder is added into the water inlet pipe after 3 months after transplantation; after transplanting for more than 3 months, adding fertilizer according to the growth stage of the pear saplings after water enters the water inlet pipe; and after the fruit bearing period, feeding water into the water inlet pipe and mixing the water into the biogas slurry, the biogas residues or the cultivation wastewater.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the invention, the transplanting pits are dug, the rubble layer, the humus layer and the expanded clay layer are laid in the transplanting pits, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are embedded in the transplanting pits, the water inflow can be effectively adjusted through the water inflow adjusting device, and excessive water inflow can be effectively prevented while the growth of the pear trees is ensured; meanwhile, top dressing is easy to be performed from the bottom, the root system development of the pear trees is promoted, the fertility utilization rate can be improved, and the fruit bearing period of the pear trees is reduced;
2. the working principle of the water inlet adjusting device is as follows: after the water inlet pipe continuously enters water, water passes through the humus layer and the rubble layer and is dispersed at the bottom of the transplanting pit, the expansion clay layer expands and jacks up the elastic bottom cover after absorbing a certain amount of water, the pressure drop between the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe is improved by the compression of the clamping plate on the hose, and when the water inlet pipe is positioned on the ground surface and a liquid column in the pipe can be seen, the water inlet is stopped;
3. the medical stone particles are added into the crushed stone layer to promote the growth of pear saplings, and meanwhile, the selenium content in fruits is higher after fruit bearing;
4. the yeast powder can improve the decomposition speed of the humic layer and the early development speed of the pear saplings; then, fertilizer is added in the growth stage of the pear saplings, so that the growth and development of the pear saplings can be further improved; after the fruits are hung, the water in the water inlet pipe is mixed with biogas slurry, biogas residues or culture wastewater, so that the dissolution degree of selenium in the medical stone particles can be improved, and the selenium content of the fruits can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a graft well of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the water inlet regulating device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the inflow regulator of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of an irrigation system according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1-transplanting pit, 2-pear sapling, 3-humus layer, 4-rubble layer, 5-swelling clay layer, 6-water inlet pipe, 7-water outlet pipe, 8-water inlet adjusting device, 81-hose, 82-hard top cover, 83-elastic bottom cover, 84-clamping plate, 85-elastic sealing block, 9-water pump, 10-main water delivery pipe, 11-water diversion pipe and 12-valve
Detailed Description
Example 1
A water-saving high-yield planting method of pear trees on sand comprises the steps that pear seedlings 2 of 3 months old are transplanted into a transplanting pit 1, a gravel layer 4 and an expanded clay layer 5 are laid at the bottom of the transplanting pit 1 respectively, medical stone particles are added into the gravel layer 4 according to the proportion of 4.0 kg/plant, the expanded clay layer 5 is made of montmorillonite, and a humus layer 3 is laid above the gravel layer 4; a water inlet pipe 6 is arranged on the side edge of the transplanting pit 1, the water inlet pipe 6 is made of transparent materials, the water inlet pipe 6 is connected with a water outlet pipe 7 through a water inlet adjusting device 8, and the outlet of the water outlet pipe 7 is positioned in the humic layer 3; the center of the water inlet adjusting device 8 is provided with a hose 81, two ends of the hose 81 are respectively connected with the water inlet pipe 6 and the water outlet pipe 7, the top of the water inlet adjusting device 8 is provided with a hard top cover 82, the bottom of the water inlet adjusting device 8 is provided with an elastic bottom cover 83, the hard top cover 82 is connected with the elastic bottom cover 83 through an elastic sealing block 85, and the elastic bottom cover 83 is provided with a clamping plate 84.
In the planting method, a small amount of yeast powder is added into water entering a water inlet pipe within 3 months after transplantation; after transplanting for more than 3 months, adding fertilizer according to the growth stage of the pear saplings after water enters the water inlet pipe; when the fruit bearing period is finished, the water is fed into the water inlet pipe and mixed with the aquaculture wastewater.
Taking snow pears planted on the same piece of sand as an example, the water consumption for each watering is about 20% -30% of that of the surface watering method, and the fertilizer is about 40% -50% of that of the surface watering method.
But compared with the common ground watering planting method, the planting method can shorten the fruiting period from 5 years to 3 years, shorten the full bearing period from 6 years to 4 years, and simultaneously improve the yield by 10-15 percent after the full bearing period. Moreover, under the condition that no selenium-containing fertilizer is additionally added, the selenium content of the snow pears is increased to 0.037mg/kg from being lower than the detection limit.
Meanwhile, after the pear tree seedlings are transplanted by the planting method, water inflow in the water inlet pipe is not adjusted in stages, the fruiting period is 4 years, but the full fruiting period still needs 6 years. Moreover, the selenium content of the snow pears is 5.6 mug/kg, and the standard that the selenium content of the selenium-rich pears is 0.01-0.05mg/kg cannot be achieved.
And finally: the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A water-saving high-yield planting method of pear trees on sand is characterized in that: transplanting the pear seedlings of 3-6 months old into a transplanting pit, respectively paving a rubble layer and an expanded clay layer at the bottom of the transplanting pit, and paving a humic layer above the rubble layer; a water inlet pipe is arranged on the side edge of the transplanting pit and is connected with a water outlet pipe through a water inlet adjusting device; the central authorities of adjusting device that intakes are the hose, the both ends of hose link to each other with inlet tube, outlet pipe respectively, adjusting device's top of intaking is the stereoplasm top cap, adjusting device's bottom of intaking is the elasticity bottom, the stereoplasm top cap passes through the elasticity sealing block with the elasticity bottom and is connected, set up the cardboard on the elasticity bottom cap.
2. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: the water inlet pipe is made of transparent materials.
3. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: the material of the swelling clay layer is montmorillonite or bentonite.
4. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: the outlet of the water outlet pipe is positioned in the humus layer.
5. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: the crushed stone layer is added with medical stone particles according to the proportion of 3.6-4.0kg per plant.
6. The irrigation system adapted to the planting method of claim 1, further comprising: the plurality of water inlet pipes are connected with an irrigation system, the irrigation system comprises a water pump and a water delivery main pipe, and the tail end of the water delivery main pipe is provided with an opening; the water delivery main pipe is provided with a plurality of water distribution pipes, and the water distribution pipes are connected with the water inlet pipe.
7. The irrigation system as defined in claim 6 wherein: and a valve is arranged on the water distribution pipe.
8. The planting method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the planting method comprises the following steps: adding a trace amount of yeast powder into water in the water inlet pipe within 3 months after transplantation; after the pear tree seedlings are transplanted for more than 3 months, adding fertilizer into the water inlet pipe according to the growth stage of the pear tree seedlings; and after the fruiting period, feeding water into the water inlet pipe, and mixing the water into biogas slurry, biogas residues or culture wastewater.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210763917.1A CN115152507A (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | Water-saving high-yield planting method for pear trees on sandy land |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210763917.1A CN115152507A (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | Water-saving high-yield planting method for pear trees on sandy land |
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| CN115152507A true CN115152507A (en) | 2022-10-11 |
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| CN202210763917.1A Pending CN115152507A (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | Water-saving high-yield planting method for pear trees on sandy land |
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