CN115141396B - 一种高介电常数C@SiC/PI复合薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高介电常数C@SiC/PI复合薄膜及其制备方法;通过制备碳包裹碳化硅的C@SiC纳米颗粒,将C@SiC纳米颗粒均匀分散在除水DMAc溶剂中,通过共混法制备出C@SiC/PAA共混溶液,再经过涂膜、真空干燥,最后热亚胺化制得C@SiC/PI复合薄膜。本发明与现有技术相比,最高介电常数可达40.2(100Hz),为纯PI薄膜的11.4倍,并且其介电损耗仍小于0.6,且具有较高的储能密度,同时保持着聚酰亚胺优异的热学及力学性能,可以应用于制备高温薄膜电容器。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机/无机材料领域,具体涉及一种高介电常数C@SiC/PI复合薄膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚酰亚胺是一类具有优异的热稳定性、机械性能及电性能的高性能高分子材料,广泛应用于汽车、航空航天、微电子等高科技领域。
现有技术中的聚酰亚胺介电常数都较小(一般为2.53.5左右),其中结构中含有
联吡啶单元的聚酰亚胺介电常数也低于8(专利号:ZL201510527053.3),但其介电常数仍然
不足,难以应用于高储能密度电容器中。
基于上述背景技术,有必要研发一种具有更高介电常数的聚酰亚胺基复合材料,使其具有高介电常数、低介电损耗,同时保存聚酰亚胺优异的热学性能以及力学性能,充分扩展其应用的广泛性。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种高介电常数C@SiC/PI复合薄膜及其制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取纳米碳化硅加入葡萄糖溶液超声分散2-4h;将所述溶液转移至水热反应釜,在150-180℃条件下水热反应6-10h,得到纳米颗粒;将所述纳米颗粒干燥后再转移到高温管式炉,在450℃下碳化4-8h,得到C@SiC纳米颗粒。
(2)将所述C@SiC纳米颗粒加入到除水DMAc溶剂中并超声分散1-4h,得到C@SiC/DMAc分散液;将所述C@SiC/DMAc分散液加入PAA溶液中进行搅拌,得到C@SiC/PAA共混溶液。
(3)将所述C@SiC/PAA共混溶液涂膜在玻璃板后进行干燥,再在真空烘箱干燥并进行亚胺化,制得C@SiC/PI复合薄膜。
优选的,所述纳米碳化硅为5-30nm,所述葡萄糖溶液的浓度为25-50 ml/g。
优选的,所述碳化硅与葡萄糖以1:4-1:8的质量比混合。
优选的,所述C@SiC纳米颗粒中碳包裹的SiC的厚度为2-20纳米。
优选的,所述PAA溶液按照如下方法配置:将4,4′-二氨基联苯(ODA)与3,3′,4,4′-
二苯甲酮四甲酸二酐(BTDA)加入除水的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc),在300~1200 rpm机械搅
拌下,于-55℃反应5~12小时,得到粘度为1.03.5 dl/g的PAA溶液;
优选的,所述涂膜在玻璃板后进行干燥,所述干燥是指在40~60℃下干燥6~12小时。
优选的,所述干燥并进行亚胺化是指在60~100℃下干燥6~12小时,在200℃~400℃下亚胺化。
所述方法得到C@SiC/PI复合薄膜可用作电池隔膜。
本发明的有益效果:
1、所述复合薄膜介电常数高,最高介电常数可达40.2(100Hz),是纯PI薄膜的11.4倍。
2、所述复合薄膜介电损耗仍小于 0.6,且储能密度为2.49J/cm3,是纯PI薄膜的3.2倍。
3、所述复合薄膜保持聚酰亚胺优异的耐热性能以及优异的机械柔韧性。
4、所述复合薄膜可以应用于制备高储能的高温薄膜电容器。
附图说明
图1:C@Si/PI复合膜的介电常数。
图2:C@Si/PI复合膜的投射电镜图。
具体实施方式
发明提供的一种高介电常数C@SiC/PI复合薄膜及其制备方法,可以包括如下步骤:
(1)C@SiC纳米颗粒制备:配制25-50 ml/g的葡萄糖溶液,取0.2-0.4g纳米碳化硅(5-30nm)加入烧杯中,再加入40-80 ml葡萄糖溶液,其中碳化硅与葡萄糖以1:4-1:8的质量比混合;超声2-4h,然后转移至水热反应釜,在150-180℃条件下水热反应6-10h,取出纳米颗粒干燥后再转移到高温管式炉进行碳化,在450℃下碳化4-8h,制备出的C@SiC纳米颗粒,所述C@SiC纳米颗粒中碳包裹的SiC的厚度为2-20纳米。
(2)预聚阶段:将4,4′-二氨基联苯(ODA)与3,3′,4,4′-二苯甲酮四甲酸二酐
(BTDA)加入除水的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc),在300~1200 rpm强烈的机械搅拌下,于-55
℃反应5~12小时,得到特性粘度为1.03.5 dl/g的PAA溶液;将1%-30%的C@SiC纳米颗粒加
入到除水DMAc溶剂中,超声分散1-4h,得到C@SiC/DMAc分散液。将固含量为1%-30%的C@SiC/
DMAc分散液分别加入PAA溶液中,充分搅拌使得分散均匀,得到1%-30%的C@SiC/PAA共混溶
液。
(3)热亚胺化阶段:将步骤(2)得到的C@SiC/PAA共混溶液倾倒在玻璃板上,在玻璃板上均匀涂膜,在40~60℃下干燥6~12小时,再在真空烘箱60~100℃下干燥6~12小时,200℃~400℃下亚胺化,得到C@SiC/PI复合薄膜。
下面将结合具体实施例来详细说明本发明所具有的有益效果,旨在帮助阅读者更好地理解本发明的实质,但不能对本发明的实施和保护范围构成任何限定。
实施例1
取0.2g纳米碳化硅到烧杯中,再配制25ml/g葡萄糖溶液,取40ml葡萄糖溶液到烧杯,并搅拌超声2h。然后转移至水热反应釜,在180℃条件下水热反应10h,取出纳米粉末干燥后再转移到高温管式炉进行碳化,在450℃下碳化4h,最后制备出C@SiC纳米颗粒。
实施例2
预聚阶段:将4,4′-二氨基联苯(ODA, 1.84g, 0.01mol)与3,3′,4,4′-二苯甲酮四甲酸二酐(BTDA, 3.22g, 0.01mol),再加入DMAc 43.0g,在700 rpm强烈的机械搅拌下,于5℃反应6小时,得到特性粘度为2.2 dl/g的聚酰胺酸溶液。 将C@SiC纳米颗粒加入到除水DMAc溶剂中,超声分散2h,得到C@SiC/DMAc分散液。将固含量为1% C@SiC/DMAc分散液分别加入PAA预聚体中,充分搅拌使得分散均匀,得到含C@SiC 1%的C@SiC/PAA共混溶,
热亚胺化阶段:含C@SiC 1 %的C@SiC/PAA共混溶液倾倒在玻璃板上,在玻璃板上均匀涂膜,在50℃下干燥6小时,再转入真空烘箱在80℃干燥6小时,320℃下亚胺化,即可得到C@SiC 1 %的C@SiC/PI复合薄膜。该C@SiC/PI复合薄膜介电常数为18.1(100 Hz),氮气保护下5%的热失重温度为533℃,拉伸强度为117 MPa。
实施例3
预聚阶段:将4,4′-二氨基联苯(ODA, 1.84g, 0.01mol)与3,3′,4,4′-二苯甲酮四甲酸二酐(BTDA, 3.22 g, 0.01mol),再加入DMAc 43.0g,在700 rpm强烈的机械搅拌下,于5 ℃反应6小时,得到特性粘度为2.2 dl/g的聚酰胺酸溶液。 将C@SiC纳米颗粒加入到除水DMAc溶剂中,超声分散2h,得到C@SiC/DMAc分散液。将固含量为5% C@SiC/DMAc分散液分别加入PAA预聚体中,充分搅拌使得分散均匀,得到含C@SiC 5%的C@SiC/PAA共混溶,
热亚胺化阶段:含C@SiC 5%的C@SiC/PAA共混溶液倾倒在玻璃板上,在玻璃板上均匀涂膜,在50℃下干燥6小时,再转入真空烘箱在80℃干燥6小时,320℃下亚胺化,即可得到C@SiC 5%的C@SiC/PI复合薄膜。该C@SiC/PI复合薄膜介电常数为22.0(100 Hz),氮气保护下5%的热失重温度为537℃,拉伸强度为134 MPa。
实施例4
预聚阶段:将4,4′-二氨基联苯(ODA, 1.84g, 0.01mol)与3,3′,4,4′-二苯甲酮四甲酸二酐(BTDA, 3.22g, 0.01mol),再加入DMAc 43.0g,在700 rpm强烈的机械搅拌下,于5℃反应6小时,得到特性粘度为2.2 dl/g的聚酰胺酸溶液。 将C@SiC纳米颗粒加入到除水DMAc溶剂中,超声分散2h,得到C@SiC/DMAc分散液。将固含量为10% C@SiC/DMAc分散液分别加入PAA预聚体中,充分搅拌使得分散均匀,得到含C@SiC 10%的C@SiC/PAA共混溶,
热亚胺化阶段:含C@SiC 10%的C@SiC/PAA共混溶液倾倒在玻璃板上,在玻璃板上均匀涂膜,在50℃下干燥6小时,再转入真空烘箱在80℃干燥6小时,320℃下亚胺化,即可得到C@SiC 10%的C@SiC/PI复合薄膜。该C@SiC/PI复合薄膜介电常数为28.3(100 Hz),氮气保护下5%的热失重温度为545℃,拉伸强度为125 MPa。
实施例5
预聚阶段:将4,4′-二氨基联苯(ODA, 1.84g, 0.01mol)与3,3′,4,4′-二苯甲酮四甲酸二酐(BTDA, 3.22g, 0.01mol),再加入DMAc 43.0g,在700 rpm强烈的机械搅拌下,于5℃反应6小时,得到特性粘度为2.2 dl/g的聚酰胺酸溶液。 将C@SiC纳米颗粒加入到除水DMAc溶剂中,超声分散2h,得到C@SiC/DMAc分散液。将固含量为20% C@SiC/DMAc分散液分别加入PAA预聚体中,充分搅拌使得分散均匀,得到含C@SiC 20%的C@SiC/PAA共混溶,
热亚胺化阶段:含C@SiC 20 %的C@SiC/PAA共混溶液倾倒在玻璃板上,在玻璃板上均匀涂膜,在50℃下干燥6小时,再转入真空烘箱在80℃干燥6小时,320℃下亚胺化,即可得到C@SiC 20 %的C@SiC/PI复合薄膜。该C@SiC/PI复合薄膜介电常数为32.4(100 Hz),氮气保护下5%的热失重温度为553℃,拉伸强度为120 MPa。
Claims (9)
1.一种高介电常数C@SiC/PI复合薄膜的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取纳米碳化硅加入葡萄糖溶液超声分散2-4h;将所述溶液转移至水热反应釜,在150-180℃条件下水热反应6-10h,得到纳米颗粒;将所述纳米颗粒干燥后再转移到高温管式炉,在450℃下碳化4-8h,得到C@SiC纳米颗粒;
(2)将所述C@SiC纳米颗粒加入到除水DMAc溶剂中并超声分散1-4h,得到C@SiC/DMAc分散液;将所述C@SiC/DMAc分散液加入PAA溶液中进行搅拌,得到C@SiC/PAA共混溶液;
(3)将所述C@SiC/PAA共混溶液涂膜在玻璃板后进行干燥,再在真空烘箱干燥并进行亚胺化,制得C@SiC/PI复合薄膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述纳米碳化硅为5-30nm,所述葡萄糖溶液的浓度为25-50 ml/g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述碳化硅与葡萄糖以1:4-1:8的质量比混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述C@SiC纳米颗粒中碳包裹的SiC的厚度为2-20纳米。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述涂膜在玻璃板后进行干燥,所述干燥是指在40~60℃下干燥6~12小时。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述干燥并进行亚胺化是指在60~100℃下干燥6~12小时,在200℃~400℃下亚胺化。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一权利要求所述的方法得到的C@SiC/PI复合薄膜。
9.根据权利要求8所述的C@SiC/PI复合薄膜的应用,其特征在于:所述C@SiC/PI复合薄膜用作电池隔膜。
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