CN115090245A - 一种本体法生产阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯装置 - Google Patents
一种本体法生产阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种本体法生产阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯装置,包含2台聚合反应器串联,通过出料泵与加热脱挥器相连;加热脱挥器上端连接有冷凝器、真空集液罐;加热脱挥器下面通过泵与动态混合器、熔体换热器、泵、高压水下切粒系统相连。所述动态混合器前端设有阻燃剂母料接口,接口处设有物料止回装置;所述高压水下切粒系统中高温模头的孔经为0.8mm。使用该装置时,优选苯乙烯92.0kg,乙苯5.0kg,白油1.0kg、磷酸三丁酯0.5kg,低分子量聚乙烯1.0kg,戊烷6.0kg,阻燃剂八溴二苯醚0.9kg。所得的阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯颗粒直径可以严格控制在0.7~1.0mm之间,具良好的抗冲性能和抗拉强度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可发泡聚苯乙烯树脂技术领域,具体涉及一种生产阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯装置。
背景技术
以苯乙烯为主原料生产可发泡聚苯乙烯(EPS)的现有技术是通过悬浮液间歇聚合工艺,主要步骤有:使用悬浮分散剂将液体苯乙烯单体分散在水介质中,加入引化剂发生聚合反应,当转化率在一定范围时再加入发泡剂完成聚合反应;再经洗涤、干燥和筛分。CN105294041A公开一种匀质改性防火保温板,这种悬浮技术获得的珠粒直径分布从0.1mm到4mm,非常宽;成核剂和/或阻燃剂很难掺入珠粒中,加入后还会抑制聚合反应;在水介质中进行,需要加入悬浮分散剂,产生大量污水,存在环境保护问题;产品质量稳定性差。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种本体法生产阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯的装置以及方法,所得产品颗粒粒径在0.7~1.0mm之间,阻燃剂八溴二苯醚用量为0.9%时,所得产品阻燃效果就达到悬浮法产品的效果。
为了解决该技术问题,本发明通过如下技术方案:
本发明采用本体法工艺生产阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯,所用的装置:包含聚合反应器1、聚合反应器2通过出料泵串联;所述聚合反应器的上封头上都设有物料进口、中间设有反应搅拌器、还与冷凝器连接相通;所述反应搅拌器设为变频搅拌器,可以根据物料黏度增大降低转速;所述聚合反应器2下端通过出料泵与加热脱挥器相连;所述加热脱挥器上端连接有冷凝器,冷凝器连接真空集液罐;所述加热脱挥器下面通过泵与动态混合器相连,所述动态混合器与熔体换热器相连;所述熔体换热器通过泵与高压水下切粒系统相连;所述高压水下切粒系统中高温模头的孔经为0.8mm。
所述动态混合器前端安装有添加熔融状态阻燃剂母粒的接口;接口处设有物料止回装置,防止物料倒流;阻燃剂母粒经过螺杆挤出机熔化后注入混合器内与聚苯乙烯发泡剂进行混合,使聚苯乙烯分子链中嵌入阻燃剂。
在使用该装置生产阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯时,首先按比例将苯乙烯,溶剂,助剂加入聚合反应器1,控制聚合反应器1内物料温度控制在120-150℃,搅拌速度40-60转/分,开启冷却回流;物料在聚合反应器1内聚合反应1.5-2小时;再用出料泵输送到聚合反应器2,控制聚合反应器2内物料温度在160-180℃,开启冷却回流,控制搅拌速度15-20转/分,继续进行聚合反应1.5-2小时。当聚合反应器2内的苯乙烯转化率达到60-70%时,将聚合反应器2内的物料经出料泵输送到加热脱挥器顶部,控制加热脱挥器温度220-250℃,真空-0.098MPa,进行闪蒸;将未反应完的苯乙烯和溶剂等轻组分蒸气脱除进入冷凝器冷却回流,冷凝液流入真空集液罐,再重新输入到聚合反应器1内参与聚合反应,循环利用。将闪蒸后得到的聚苯乙烯作为第一股流体经泵输送到混合器;同时将发泡剂、阻燃剂作为第二股流体通过接口也输送到混合器;混合均匀后进入熔体换热器,控制熔体换热器内物料温范围180-205℃;再由泵输入到高压水下切粒系统,经造粒、干燥,得到可阻燃型发泡聚苯乙烯EPS颗粒。
本体法工艺生产阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯,聚合反应阶段时间是瓶颈,因此将聚合反应器1与聚合反应器2串联,在不增加其他设备的情况下,整个产能可以增大将近1倍。
进入聚合反应器1中物料包括如下质量份的组分:苯乙烯80-95kg、溶剂2-10kg,助剂0.5-5kg。进入混合器中的物料还包括:发泡剂3-8kg;阻燃剂0.5-4kg。
作为优选,苯乙烯为89-93kg、溶剂为乙苯5.0kg;助剂为白油、磷酸三丁酯、硬脂酸钙、MgO、成核剂低分子量聚乙烯中一种或者多种共计2.0-4.0kg;发泡剂戊烷5.0-7.0kg;阻燃剂为溴化聚苯乙烯、八溴系列阻燃剂、四溴系列阻燃剂中的一种或者多种共计0.7-1.0kg。
作为进一步优选:苯乙烯92.0kg,乙苯5.0kg,白油1.0kg、磷酸三丁酯0.5kg,低分子量聚乙烯1.0kg,戊烷6.0kg,阻燃剂八溴二苯醚0.9kg。所得的阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯颗粒直径可以严格控制在0.7~1.0mm之间,具良好的抗冲性能和抗拉强度。相对于普通可发泡聚苯乙烯EPS颗粒制品,只需要含0.9%八溴二苯醚就能达到阻燃国标水准。
本发明具有的特点和优点:
1、本发明采用本体法生产阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯的装置,由于各组成部分以及操作方法步骤互相支持、共同作用,实现了本体法连续生产阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯。尤其是聚合反应器1与聚合反应器2串联,整个生产线产能可以增大将近1倍;为连续生产打下基础;控制苯乙烯转化率60-70%出料,主要是苯乙烯转化率再提高速度很,还容易有副产物,不利于产品质量和生产效率;加热脱挥器内控制温度、真空,有利于闪蒸;闪蒸脱除的蒸气进入冷凝器回流,循环利用;发泡剂、阻燃剂在混合器内与聚苯乙烯混合,经熔体换热器降温,便于质量稳定;在高压水下切粒系统,经冷却、造粒、干燥,所得阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯颗粒直径可以严格控制在0.7~1.0mm之间,阻燃剂只需要含0.9%八溴二苯醚就能达到阻燃国标水准,具有良好的发泡加工性能,表观优良,兼具良好的阻燃性、抗冲性能和抗拉强度。
2、采用本体法连续生产石墨可发泡聚苯乙烯,反应过程中不需要水介质,产生的废水少,环保效果好。
附图说明
图1是本体法生产阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯装置示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来说明如何实现本发明技术方案。
图1是本专利本体法生产阻燃可发泡聚苯乙烯装置示意图,本具体实施方式的装置包含:聚合反应器(1-1)通过出料泵(4-1)与聚合反应器(1-2)串联,聚合反应器(1-1)、(1-2)上封头分别设有物料进口,中间分别安装了变频转速可调的反应搅拌器(2-1)、(2-2),还分别与冷凝器(3-1)、(3-2)连接相通;聚合反应器(1-2)下端通过出料泵(4-2)与加热脱挥器(5)相连,加热脱挥器(5)上端连接有冷凝器(7),冷凝器(7)连接真空集液罐(8);加热脱挥器(5)下面通过泵(6)与动态混合器(9)相连,动态混合器(9)与熔体换热器(10)相连;动态混合器(9)前端设有阻燃剂母料接口(9-1),接口(9-1)处设有物料止回装置;熔体换热器(10)通过泵(11)与高压水下切粒系统(12)相连,所述高压水下切粒系统(12)中高温模头的孔经为0.8mm。
本专利实施例按照如下质量份:苯乙烯92.0kg、乙苯溶剂5.0kg、白油1.0kg、磷酸三丁酯0.5kg,成核剂低分子量聚乙烯1.0kg,发泡剂戊烷6.0kg,阻燃剂八溴二苯醚0.9kg。
使用该装置生产阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯的方法,包括如下步骤:
首先将成核剂用苯乙烯配制成浓度为10.0%的溶液;再分别通过流量计计量,连续将苯乙烯、乙苯溶剂、白油、磷酸三丁酯、成核剂输入到聚合反应器(1-1),控制聚合反应器(1-1)内的物料温度在148℃,搅拌器(2-1)的转速为40转/分,进行聚合反应1.5小时;开启冷凝器(3-1),蒸气冷却后再流入聚合反应器(1-1);
然后用出料泵(4-1)输送到聚合反应器(1-2)的内控制物料温度在168℃,搅拌器(2-2)的转速为15转/分,开启冷凝器(3-2),蒸气冷却后回流入聚合反应器(1-2);继续进行聚合反应1.5小时;此时苯乙烯转化率为70.0%,将物料从聚合反应器(1-2)经出料泵(4-2)输送到加热脱挥器(5)顶部,控制加热脱挥器(5)的温度在240℃,并在1分钟内完成闪蒸,将脱除未反应完的苯乙烯和溶剂等轻组分进入冷凝器(7)冷却,控制真空-0.098MPa,冷凝液流入真空集液罐(8);再重新输入到聚合反应器(1)参与聚合反应,循环利用,可以降低可发泡聚苯乙烯颗粒中的残留单体,降低成本,达到食品级要求。
将闪蒸得到的聚苯乙烯作为第一股流体经泵(6)输入动态混合器(9);同时将发泡剂戊烷、八溴二苯醚作为第二股流体通过精确计量通过接口(9-1)输入动态混合器(9),二股流体在动态混合器(9)内高速剪切混合均匀;
二股流体物料混合均匀后,经熔体换热器(10)将物料温度降低到185℃;
再由泵(11)输入到高压水下切粒系统(12),高压水下切粒系统(12)中有60个孔直径为0.8mm的高温模头,由刀片在模头上将物料刮切成0.7~1.0mm的小颗粒,模头和刮切刀片都浸泡在高压冷却水中,水温为40℃,进行冷却、造粒、干燥、得到成品,即可发泡聚苯乙烯颗粒。
经检测所得阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯氧指数达32,达到B1级防火材料要求。将本方法与悬浮法制备EPS的数据进行对比分析,生产消耗数据见表1,产品性能检测数据见表2。
表1生产消耗数据
物料名称 | 单位 | 本发明检测数据 | 悬浮法阻燃型EPS |
苯乙烯 | kg/EPS | 920.5 | 940 |
引发剂 | kg/吨EPS | 0 | 3 |
助剂 | kg/吨EPS | 25 | 55 |
八溴二苯醚 | kg/吨EPS | 9 | 12 |
循环水 | 吨/吨EPS | 17 | 30 |
去离子水 | 吨/吨EPS | 0 | 1.3 |
产出废水 | 吨/吨EPS | 0.01 | 1.3 |
产出废气 | 立方米/吨EPS | 0.01 | 4.5 |
表2产品性能检测数据
通过表1和表2可以看出:本发明通过本体法,添加阻燃剂八溴二苯醚0.9%,就可以得到相同阻燃效果的阻燃级可发泡聚苯乙烯,原材料消耗、排放的废水废气减少,从而实现本体法连续生产,可降低生产成本,且产品性能也大大提高。
Claims (5)
1.一种本体法生产阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯装置,其特征在于:包含聚合反应器(1-1)下端通过出料泵(4-1)串联聚合反应器(1-2);所述聚合反应器(1-1)、聚合反应器(1-2)上封头设有物料进口,上封头中间分别安装了反应搅拌器(2-1)、(2-2),上封头还分别与冷凝器(3-1)、(3-2)连接相通;所述聚合反应器(1-2)下端通过出料泵(4-2)与加热脱挥器(5)相连,所述加热脱挥器(5)上端连接有冷凝器(7),所述冷凝器(7)连接真空集液罐(8);所述加热脱挥器(5)下面通过泵(6)与动态混合器(9)相连,所述动态混合器(9)与熔体换热器(10)相连;所述动态混合器(9)前端设有阻燃剂母料接口(9-1),接口(9-1)处设有物料止回装置;所述熔体换热器(10)通过泵(11)与高压水下切粒系统(12)相连;所述高压水下切粒系统(12)中高温模头的孔经为0.8mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述装置,其特征在于:所述反应搅拌器(2-1)、(2-2)为变频调速搅拌器。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述装置,其特征在于:进入所述聚合反应器(1-1)中的物料包括:苯乙烯为89-93kg、溶剂为乙苯5.0kg;助剂为白油、磷酸三丁酯、成核剂低分子量聚乙烯、硬脂酸钙、MgO一种或者多种共计2.0-4.0kg;进入所述动态混合器(9)内的物料还包括:发泡剂戊烷5.0-7.0kg;阻燃剂为溴化聚苯乙烯、八溴系列阻燃剂、四溴系列阻燃剂中的一种或者多种共计0.7-1.0kg。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述装置,其特征在于:进入所述聚合反应器(1-1)中的物料包括如下组分:苯乙烯92.0kg,乙苯溶剂5.0kg,白油1.0kg、磷酸三丁酯0.5kg,成核剂低分子量聚乙烯1.0kg;进入所述动态混合器(9)内的物料还包括:发泡剂戊烷6.0kg,阻燃剂八溴二苯醚0.9kg。
5.使用权利要求1-4任一项所述的装置生产阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:将成核剂用苯乙烯配制成浓度为10.0%的溶液;再分别将苯乙烯、乙苯溶剂、助剂混合,连续输入到聚合反应器(1-1),控制聚合反应器(1-1)内的物料温度在148℃,搅拌器(2-1)的转速为40转/分,开启冷凝器(3-1)回流,蒸气冷却后再流入聚合反应器(1-1);进行聚合反应100分钟;
步骤二:然后用出料泵(4-1)将物料输送到聚合反应器(1-2)内继续反应,控制聚合反应器(1-2)内的物料温度在160℃,搅拌器(2-2)的转速为15转/分;开启冷凝器(3-2)回流,蒸气冷却后再流入聚合反应器(1-2);
步骤三:当苯乙烯转化率在70%时,将物料从聚合反应器(1-2)经出料泵(4-2)输送到加热脱挥器(5)顶部,控制加热脱挥器(5)的温度在240℃,真空-0.098Mpa,并在1分钟内完成闪蒸,所述闪蒸脱除的未反应完的苯乙烯和溶剂等轻组分通过冷凝器(7)冷却流入真空集液罐(8);
步骤四:将脱除未反应完苯乙烯和溶剂等轻组分、得到的聚苯乙烯作为第一股流体经泵(6)输入动态混合器(9);同时将发泡剂戊烷、八溴二苯醚作为第二股流体通过接口(9-1)输入动态混合器(9),二股流体在动态混合器(9)内高速剪切混合均匀;
步骤五:将物料温度经熔体换热器(10)降低到185℃,再由泵(11)输入到高压水下切粒系统(12);所述高压水下切粒系统(12)中有60个孔直径为0.8mm的高温模头,再由刀片在模头上刮切成0.7~1.0mm的小颗粒,模头和刮切刀片都浸泡在高压冷却水中,水温为40℃,进行造粒、干燥,得到阻燃型可发泡聚苯乙烯颗粒。
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