CN115088549A

CN115088549A - Cultivation method for preventing and controlling northern fruit tree pod borers by planting special green manure crop combination

Info

Publication number: CN115088549A
Application number: CN202210856228.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵秋; 王庆龙
Original assignee: Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2022-07-21
Filing date: 2022-07-21
Publication date: 2022-09-23

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for naturally preventing and controlling fruit tree pod borers in north by planting a special green manure crop combination, which is characterized in that green manure crops, namely sweet wormwood and chrysanthemum leaf-method chromo grass are respectively sown in autumn and spring of fruit trees, the sweet wormwood is inversely grown when growing to more than 1.0-1.5m, and straws of the sweet wormwood and the chrysanthemum leaf-method chromo grass are crushed and pressed as fertilizers when the flowering period of the chrysanthemum leaf-method chromo grass is finished; and (3) no fertilizer or pesticide is applied during the period of planting the two green manure crops, and the fruit trees are normally cultivated and managed. The method greatly reduces the application of pesticides and herbicides, reduces the using amount of fertilizers, reduces pollution and improves the quality of fruits; the sweet wormwood and the chamomile leaf-method chromo grass are special green manure crops, are turned and pressed into soil to provide more organic fertilizers for fruit trees, and meanwhile, the soil is loosened, the soil moisture is preserved, the heat is preserved, weeds are prevented and removed, and the clean and healthy quality of fruits is improved. The method is wide in applicable region, and provides a scientific technology and method for orchard ecological planting health management.

Description

Cultivation method for preventing and controlling northern fruit tree pod borers by planting special green manure crop combination

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cultivation method for naturally preventing and controlling fruit tree pod borers in north by planting special green manure crop combination.

Background

The planting area of fruit trees in China is at the head of the world, in the north of China, the area of fruit trees represented by apples, pears, peaches and jujubes is as large as 400 hectares and ten thousand hectares, the area accounts for more than 20% of the agricultural production area, the yield value accounts for more than 40% of the total yield value of the agricultural production, and the fruit trees become the sunward industry and the prop industry for the rapid development of rural economy. Fruit tree borers are a common and disastrous pest in fruit tree production, the common borers comprise more than 10 species, the peach fruit borers, the peach borers, the oriental fruit moths and the oriental fruit moths are the most serious, and the apple fruit borers, the white fruit borers, the plum fruit borers and the like are locally serious. Although some fruit tree budworm biology and treatment technologies exist at home and abroad, such as development of remote diagnosis of apple diseases and insect pests; some countries in Japan and Europe develop the detection of the cardiotrophin, the propagation and utilization of natural enemies, the interaction between fruit trees and the cardiotrophin and the natural enemies, genetic engineering, mutagenic microorganisms and the like, but 3 major problems in the production of fruit trees in northern areas of China are still lack of effective solutions:

1. the pesticide residue of the budworm chemical agent for preventing and controlling the pesticide exceeds the standard, and the labor cost is high: the spraying is generally carried out in the tree tray from the middle and the last ten months of 5 months to the middle and the last 8 months, and is also carried out on the ground below the tree. Once the critical period is missed, the chemicals do not produce the desired effect. The chemical control effect of the cardiotrophin is greatly reduced, the pesticide application frequency and the dosage are generally increased by fruit growers, the pesticide application frequency is 1 time per 3-5 days, the pesticide application frequency is up to 50-60 times in one growing season, the control cost is increased due to frequent and regular pesticide application, the pesticide application cost per hectare is up to 7500-12000 yuan, and the pesticide residue exceeds the standard very generally.

2. Fruit bagging fruit tree budworm control labor cost is high, and fruit quality is reduced. The fruit bag can obviously improve the finish of the fruit surface, increase the color and luster, reduce the plant diseases and insect pests and pesticide residues, and prevent fruit cracking and sunscald. Bagging immediately after fruit setting, and spraying 1 time of bactericidal insecticide before bagging. The fruit bagging technology is popularized in various places, the workload is large, the climbing is required, and the old, the weak, women and children are difficult to be competent for the heavy field operation by the labor force; and the quality and the taste of the fruits are also reduced due to bagging cultivation.

3. The fruit tree budworm disorientation technology has poor control effect: the adopted cardiotropha disorientation technology comprises a cardiotropha luring core containing a sex pheromone imitating female imagoes, and the luring device comprises a triangular trapper, a mythimna separata plate and the like. The species for preventing and controlling the oriental fruit moth mainly comprise oriental fruit moth, peach oriental fruit moth, oriental fruit moth and codling moth. The disorientation silk hung in the orchard has certain disorientation effect on the cardiotrophin, and the disorientation rate is about 50 percent.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling fruit tree budworms by planting special green manure crop combinations. The method has the advantages that firstly, a natural control method is adopted, so that the control effect of the fruit tree borers in northern areas such as peach fruit borers, pear fruit borers, white fruit borers, apple fruit borers and the like is greatly improved; secondly, the use of chemical drugs and herbicides is greatly reduced, and the sustainable and efficient development of dominant fruit areas and high-quality fruits in different ecological areas in the north is ensured; thirdly, adding a clean organic fertilizer source, improving the soil structure and physicochemical properties, improving the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil and optimizing the ecological environment of the farmland; and fourthly, a pure green prevention and control technology is adopted, only green manure crop seeds are needed to be added, sowing is carried out for two times, and pressure is turned over for 1 time, so that the labor cost is greatly reduced.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical contents:

a cultivation method for preventing and controlling northern fruit tree pod borers by planting special green manure crop combination is characterized in that: respectively sowing green manure crops of sweet wormwood and chrysanthemum leaf-method chromocor in autumn and spring of fruit trees, when the sweet wormwood grows to 1.0-1.5m, the sweet wormwood is grown upside down, and when the flowering period of the chrysanthemum leaf-method chromocor is finished, the straws of the sweet wormwood and the chrysanthemum leaf-method chromocor are crushed and rolled over to be used as fertilizers; the fertilizer and pesticide are not applied during the period of planting two kinds of green manure crops, and the fruit trees are normally cultivated and managed; the method comprises the following steps:

(1) planting and managing sweet wormwood: densely planting 2 rows of sweet wormwood in the space between the rows of mature fruit trees in the north, wherein the space is close to the two sides of the rows of the fruit trees from 8 months to 9 months, sowing the sweet wormwood at a distance of 1-2m from the base of the fruit trees, performing drill sowing at a density of 1.0-1.5 kg/mu and a sowing depth of 1.0-2.0cm, covering soil, and assisting the seedlings to emerge by natural rainfall; the water is poured once before winter, and the water filling amount is 60m ³ The herbicide is used for every mu, and weeding, insecticide spraying and fertilizer application are not needed;

(2) planting and managing the chamomile leaf-method chromocor: planting 4 rows of green manure crop, namely, chamomile leaf-method colored grass and drill seeding, in the middle of 2 rows of sweet wormwood in the row of the fruit tree in the 3 rd early month of the next year, wherein the seeding density is 2.0-3.0 kg/mu, the seeding depth is 1.0-2.0cm, covering soil and irrigating water, and the irrigation amount is 60m ³ Helping seedling emergence for each mu; weeding, insecticide spraying and fertilizer application are not required.

(3) And (3) sweet wormwood cultivation management: when the southernwood grows to 1.0-1.5m in month 5, the overground part of the southernwood is stepped down in a forward way, the roots of the southernwood are not broken, and the southernwood is further grown in a backward way so as not to influence the growth of fruit trees and the farming management of the fruit trees. At the moment, normal operations of fertilizing, thinning flowers and fruits and picking leaves of the fruit trees are carried out; no herbicide and pesticide for preventing and controlling borer are needed.

(4) And (3) green manure crop pressure-turning utilization: after the flowering of the asterias amurensis leaves is finished in the early 7 months, the above-ground straws are crushed together with the sweet wormwood, and the small rotary cultivator is turned over and pressed into the soil to be used as a fertilizer.

The invention further discloses application of the cultivation method in effectively preventing and controlling the fruit tree pod borers in north; wherein the northern fruit tree pod borer refers to: peach fruit borer, oriental fruit borer, white fruit borer, apple fruit borer, oriental fruit borer and codling moth. The experimental result shows that the control effect of the technology of the invention on fruit tree pod borers such as peach fruit borers, pear fruit borers, codling moths and the like reaches more than 95%, the pesticide application and the chemical fertilizer application are greatly reduced, meanwhile, the green manure organic fertilizer investment of the orchard is increased, the agricultural material cost and the labor cost of the pesticide, the fertilizer and the like are reduced, and the ecological environment of the garden is improved.

The invention mainly solves the outstanding production problems of difficult control, poor effect, more medicine application and high cost of the prior technologies for preventing and controlling fruit tree cardiotrophin in northern China, fruit bagging, cardiotrophin disorientation technology and the like. The combined technology of planting special green manure crops is adopted to completely replace the application of pesticides and herbicides for preventing and controlling insect pests, so that the fertilizer consumption is reduced, the pollution is reduced, and the fruit quality is improved; the sweet wormwood and the chamomile leaf-method chromocor are green manure crops, more organic fertilizers are provided for fruit trees by turning and pressing soil, and meanwhile, the soil is loosened, the soil moisture is preserved, the heat is preserved, weeds are prevented and removed, the cleanness and the health quality of fruits are improved, the application range is wide, and a scientific technology and method are provided for the healthy management of orchard ecological planting.

The list illustrates: TABLE 1 (peach garden/sweet wormwood + chrysanthemum leaf Falsy grass for example)

A comparison from Table 1 illustrates: the test points adopt the planting technology of planting the sweet wormwood and the chamomile leaf-method sedum aizoon, so that the control effect of the peach orchard budworm is improved, the comprehensive input cost is reduced, and the peach yield is improved. Compared with the mode of spraying chemical agents, the method has the advantages that the control effect of the borers is improved by 2.9 percent, the cost of agricultural materials is reduced by 51.6 percent, the cost of labor is reduced by 70 percent, and the yield is improved by 4.2 percent; compared with the fruit bagging mode, the control effect of the pod borers is improved by 1.7 percent, the cost of agricultural materials is reduced by 47.4 percent, the cost of labor is reduced by 75 percent, and the yield is improved by 7.5 percent; compared with the disorientation orchard trapping mode, the method has the advantages that the control effect of the cardiotropha is improved by 95.8%, the cost of agricultural materials is reduced by 33.3%, the cost of labor is reduced by 50%, and the yield is improved by 14.3%. Meanwhile, by adopting the method for planting and managing the orchard, the egg rate is obviously reduced, the soil quality is improved to a certain extent, and the ecological environment of the orchard is obviously improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows the orchard green manure crop planting and management mode of the invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is described below by means of specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, all technical means used in the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art. In addition, the embodiments should be considered illustrative, and not restrictive, of the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes or modifications in the components and amounts of the materials used in these embodiments can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The raw materials and reagents used in the present invention are commercially available.

Example 1

The cultivation method for planting special green manure crops in the peach orchard to prevent fruit tree pod borers in a combined mode comprises the following steps:

(1) planting and managing sweet wormwood: densely planting 2 rows of herba Artemisiae Annuae in the middle of 8-9 months near the two sides of the fruit tree row, sowing at a distance of about 1m from the fruit tree base, drilling at a density of 1.2 kg/mu and a depth of 1.5cm, covering with soil, and promoting the emergence of the seeds by natural rainfallAnd (5) seedling. The water is poured once before winter, and the water filling amount is 60m ³ The fertilizer is used for each mu without weeding, pesticide spraying and fertilizer application.

(2) Planting and managing the chamomile leaf-method chromocor: planting 4 rows of green manure crops including folium Artemisiae Argyi and folium Artemisiae Annuae between rows of fruit trees in the 3 rd month of the next year, sowing at a density of 2.0 kg/acre and a depth of 1.0cm, covering soil, and watering at a rate of 60m ³ Promoting seedling emergence for each mu; without weeding, insecticide spraying and fertilizer application.

(3) And (3) sweet wormwood cultivation management: when the sweet wormwood grows to be more than 1.3 meters in 5 months, the overground part of the sweet wormwood is stepped down in a forward way, the roots of the sweet wormwood are kept, and the sweet wormwood is made to grow backwards and continue to grow so as to not affect the growth of fruit trees and the farming management of the fruit trees. At the moment, normal farming operations such as fertilization, flower thinning, fruit thinning, leaf picking and the like of the fruit trees can be carried out without applying herbicide and pesticide for preventing and controlling the budworms.

(4) And (3) turning over and pressing green manure crops for utilization: after the flowering of the asterias amurensis leaves is finished in the early 7 months, the above-ground straws are crushed together with the sweet wormwood, and the small rotary cultivator is turned over and pressed into the soil to be used as a fertilizer.

TABLE 2 peach orchard effectiveness of the present invention in controlling Grapholitha molesta compared to chemical agents

A comparison from Table 2 illustrates: the test points adopt the planting technology of planting the sweet wormwood and the chamomile leaf-method sedum aizoon, so that the control effect of the peach orchard budworm is improved, and the comprehensive input cost is reduced. Compared with the mode of spraying chemical agents, the method has the advantages that the control effect of the cardiotrophin is improved by 2.7%, the cost of agricultural materials is reduced by 50%, and the cost of labor is reduced by 66.7%.

Example 2

The cultivation method for planting special green manure crops in a pear garden to prevent and control fruit tree pod borers comprises the following steps:

(1) planting and managing sweet wormwood: densely planting 2 rows of sweet wormwood in the space between the rows of mature fruit trees in the north, wherein the space is near the two sides of the rows of the fruit trees from 8 months to 9 months, sowing the sweet wormwood at a distance of about 1m from the base of the fruit trees, drilling, covering soil, and naturally raining to help the sweet wormwood to emerge. The water is poured once before winter, and the water filling amount is 60m ³ The fertilizer is used for each mu without weeding, pesticide spraying and fertilizer application.

(2) Planting and managing the chamomile leaf-method chromocor: planting 4 rows of green manure crop, namely, chamomile leaf-method colored grass and drill seeding, in the middle of 2 rows of sweet wormwood in the row of the fruit tree in the 3 rd early month of the next year, wherein the seeding density is 2.5 kg/mu, the seeding depth is 1.2cm, covering soil, irrigating water, and the irrigation amount is 60m ³ Helping seedling emergence for each mu; without weeding, insecticide spraying and fertilizer application.

(3) And (3) sweet wormwood cultivation management: when the southernwood grows to more than 1.5 meters in 5 months, the overground part of the southernwood is treaded down, the roots of the southernwood are not broken, and the southernwood is overturned for further growth so as not to influence the growth of fruit trees and the agricultural management of the fruit trees. At the moment, normal farming operations such as fertilization, flower thinning, fruit thinning, leaf picking and the like of the fruit trees can be carried out without applying herbicide and pesticide for preventing and controlling the pod borers.

TABLE 3 Pear orchard the effectiveness of the present invention on the control of Buckworm by comparison with chemical agents

A comparison is made from Table 3: the test point adopts the planting technology of planting the sweet wormwood and the chamomile leaf-method sedum aizoon, so that the control effect of the oriental fruit moths in the pear orchard is improved, and the comprehensive input cost is reduced. Compared with the mode of spraying chemical agents, the method has the advantages that the control effect of the borers is improved by 5.3 percent, the agricultural cost is reduced by 45.5 percent, and the labor cost is reduced by 75.4 percent.

Example 3

The cultivation method for planting special green manure crops in apple orchard to prevent fruit tree fruit budworm in a combined mode comprises the following steps:

(2) Planting and managing the chamomile leaf-method chromocor: planting 4 rows of green manure crop, namely, chamomile leaf-method colored grass and drill seeding, in the middle of 2 rows of sweet wormwood in the row of the fruit tree in the 3 rd early month of the next year, wherein the seeding density is 2.2 kg/mu, the seeding depth is 1.5cm, covering soil, and irrigating with the water amount of 60m ³ Helping seedling emergence for each mu; without weeding, insecticide spraying and fertilizer application.

(3) And (3) sweet wormwood cultivation management: when the sweet wormwood grows to be more than 1.2 meters in 5 months, the overground part of the sweet wormwood is stepped down in a forward way, the roots of the sweet wormwood are kept, and the sweet wormwood is made to grow backwards and continue to grow so as to not affect the growth of fruit trees and the farming management of the fruit trees. At the moment, normal farming operations such as fertilization, flower thinning, fruit thinning, leaf picking and the like of the fruit trees can be carried out without applying herbicide and pesticide for preventing and controlling the pod borers.

TABLE 4 control of Buckworm in apple orchard by the present invention compared to fruit bagging

A comparison from Table 4 illustrates: the test point adopts the planting technology of planting the sweet wormwood and the chamomile leaf-method sedum aizoon, so that the control effect of the budworms in the apple orchard is improved, and the comprehensive investment cost is reduced. Compared with the fruit bagging mode, the method has the advantages that the control effect of the cardiotrophin is improved by 0.5%, the cost of agricultural materials is reduced by 60%, and the cost of labor is reduced by 76.9%.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for preventing and controlling northern fruit tree budworms by planting special green manure crop combination is characterized in that: respectively sowing green manure crops of sweet wormwood and chrysanthemum leaf-method chromocor in autumn and spring of fruit trees, when the sweet wormwood grows to 1.0-1.5m, the sweet wormwood is grown upside down, and when the flowering period of the chrysanthemum leaf-method chromocor is finished, the straws of the sweet wormwood and the chrysanthemum leaf-method chromocor are crushed and rolled over to be used as fertilizers; the method comprises the following steps:

(1) planting and managing sweet wormwood: densely planting 2 rows of herba Artemisiae Annuae in the early 8-9 months of the north grown fruit tree row near the two sides of the fruit tree rowSowing at the distance of 1-2m from the base of the fruit tree, drilling, wherein the density is 1.0-1.5 kg/mu, the sowing depth is 1.0-2.0cm, covering soil, and naturally rainfall to help the fruit tree to emerge; the water is poured once before winter, and the water filling amount is 60m ³ Per mu;

(2) planting and managing the chamomile leaf-method chromocor: planting 4 rows of green manure crop, namely, chamomile leaf-method colored grass and drill seeding, in the middle of 2 rows of sweet wormwood in the row of the fruit tree in the 3 rd early month of the next year, wherein the seeding density is 2.0-3.0 kg/mu, the seeding depth is 1.0-2.0cm, covering soil and irrigating water, and the irrigation amount is 60m ³ Helping seedling emergence for each mu;

(3) and (3) sweet wormwood cultivation management: when the southernwood grows to 1.0-1.5m meters in month 5, treading down the overground part of the southernwood, continuously growing the southernwood with roots, and then carrying out normal fertilizing, flower thinning, fruit thinning and leaf picking farm work on the fruit trees;

(4) and (3) turning over and pressing green manure crops for utilization: after the flowering of the asterias amurensis leaves is finished at the beginning of 7 months, the above-ground straws are crushed together with the sweet wormwood, and the small rotary cultivator is turned over and pressed into soil to be used as a fertilizer.

2. The application of the cultivation method of claim 1 in effectively controlling the fruit tree pod borers in north; wherein the northern fruit tree budworm means: peach fruit borer, oriental fruit borer, white fruit borer, apple fruit borer, oriental fruit borer and codling moth.