CN1150746A - 缠结溶纺纤维素长丝香烟过滤嘴及此类纤维束的缠结方法 - Google Patents

缠结溶纺纤维素长丝香烟过滤嘴及此类纤维束的缠结方法 Download PDF

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CN1150746A
CN1150746A CN95193604A CN95193604A CN1150746A CN 1150746 A CN1150746 A CN 1150746A CN 95193604 A CN95193604 A CN 95193604A CN 95193604 A CN95193604 A CN 95193604A CN 1150746 A CN1150746 A CN 1150746A
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C·R·伍丁斯
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种香烟过滤嘴，它由缠结的溶纺纤维素连续长丝构成，这些丝可以是经过了缠结的，例如对由一层或多层铺展纤维束形式的溶纺纤维素丝构成的织物进行水力缠结，或利用一股或多股水流径向地或周边方向地喷射杆状的由溶纺纤维素丝构成的丝束。

Description

缠结溶纺纤维素长丝香烟过滤嘴及 此类纤维束的缠结方法
本发明涉及吸附剂制品，具体地说，涉及香烟过滤嘴的主体元件，以及它们的制造方法。
含纤维的香烟过滤嘴已是众所周知的。在一种已知的结构形式中，过滤嘴主体由一束连续的纤维丝构成，一般为乙酸纤维素酯(乙酸酯)纤维丝，其排列平行于香烟的长轴。在另一种已知结构形式中，过滤嘴由压成柱状的折叠纸或槽纹纸构成。这些结构形式包含一个过滤元件，由此可称为“单”过滤嘴。另一种已知结构形式是所谓的“双”过滤嘴，它具有两个过滤元件，例如朝向香烟内部的纸过滤嘴和朝向香烟外部的纤维束过滤嘴。还有一种已知的结构形式，是所谓的“三”过滤嘴，类似于双过滤嘴，只是在前述的两个过滤元件之间插入一定量的活性炭。
人们已知，在从烟草烟雾中去除焦油方面，纸过滤嘴一般比纤维束过滤嘴有效。考虑到低焦油香烟这一趋势，尤其需要高的除焦油效率。在抽烟时，纸过滤嘴吸收烟草烟雾中的水份，由此变得潮湿而易于压缩，因此增加了烟雾通过过滤嘴的阻力。抽烟时，香烟过滤嘴的外端通常被沾污。已知，乙酸酯过滤嘴通常显现浅褐色的均匀污迹，而纸过滤嘴通常显现颜色较深的斑点状污迹，后一种很不雅观。单过滤嘴中，纸过滤嘴的生产成本一般低于乙酸酯纤维束过滤嘴，尽管其制造方法较为复杂，这是因为纸是比乙酸酯较为廉价的原料。双过滤嘴的生产成本通常高于单纸过滤嘴或单纤维束过滤嘴，因为其制造方法较为复杂，而三过滤嘴的生产成本还要高。本发明的目的之一是提供一种具有高除焦油效率的香烟过滤嘴，它至少能够克服与在过滤嘴主体中含纸的纸过滤嘴的某些缺点。
本发明提供了一种香烟过滤嘴，其特征在于，过滤嘴的主体由缠结的溶纺纤维素(lyocell)连续丝构成。本发明还提供一种具有这种过滤嘴的香烟。
溶纺纤维素丝及溶纺纤维素纤维是已知的材料，在例如US-A-4,246,221中记述了其制造方法。它们易于被生物降解。它们可购自Courtaulds plc。其制造方法是先将纤维素溶解在溶剂中，将形成的溶液通过一纺丝头挤入凝固浴中，其作用为沉淀出纤维素纤维并从纤维上洗去溶剂。此方法可称为溶液纺丝，因此生成的纤维可称为溶纺纤维素纤维。其中的纤维素通常是木纸浆。溶剂可以是一种N-氧化叔胺，较好的是N-氧化N-甲基吗啉，而且通常含有少量水。如果溶剂是N-氧化叔胺，凝固浴最好是水性浴。主要由溶纺纤维素丝和/或溶纺纤维素纤维构成的织物可称为溶纺纤维素织物。溶液纺丝法与其它已知的制造纤维素纤维的方法不可沸淆，后者靠形成和分解纤维素的某种化学衍生物，例如粘胶法即是如此。
在本发明的一个实施例中，本发明的过滤嘴主体由水力缠结织物构成，该织物由一层或多层铺展纤维束形式的溶纺纤维素丝构成。如有必要，织物还可以含有一层或多层平行的人造短纤维，最好是溶纺纤维素人造短纤维。水力缠结即是利用高速水流或水帘使纤维相互机械缠结，来形成织物的方法。使用一层或多层纤维时，可将各层排列为纤维基本上相互平行，或者更好的是使各层中的纤维互成角度。这一种结构形式在各种方向的织物平面上具有更为均匀的物理性能，例如撕裂强度。织物还可以是一层或多层的纸(最好是一层纸)和一层或多层平行的溶纺纤维素连续丝。纸可含有溶纺纤维素纤维和/或其它纤维，例如木纸浆纤维和乙酸酯纤维。水力缠结织物又可称为射流喷网法织物。水力缠结织物含有极少粘合剂或不含粘合剂。US-A-3,485,706中记述了水力缠结方法和水力缠结织物，其内容参考结合于本发明中。
水力缠结织物可以完全或主要由溶纺纤维素丝构成。或者，织物可以由溶纺纤维素丝与一种或多种已知用于香烟过滤嘴的其它类型纤维(例如乙酸纤维素酯纤维丝或纤维，或木纸浆纤维)的混合物构成。进行水力缠结制造的织物可以是多层的，而且各层可以具有相同或不同的组成。例如，除单组分层(例如溶纺纤维素丝)外，还可以有一层或多层，它们是人造短纤维的混合物，或长丝和人造短纤维的混合物，或溶纺纤维丝和乙酸纤维素酯丝的丝混合物。
水力缠结织物的基重一般与已知的纸过滤嘴中所用的纸相近，通常为15至150g/m2，20至80g/m2更好。进行水力缠结制造的纤维织物中的层数可以是1至10层，以1至5层为宜。水力缠结织物中的丝和任何纤维最好是原纤化的。溶纺纤维素的丝和纤维可以通过在湿润状态下，例如在水力缠结过程中，对其进行机械摩擦而原纤化。原纤化使得很细的纤维(“原纤维”)从丝或纤维的主体上部分脱落，使得单根的丝或纤维由此获得“表面毛状的”外观。与非原纤化的丝和纤维相比，原纤化的丝和纤维的表面积增大，而这被认为可能对提高过滤效率有利。
水力缠结织物在过滤嘴主体内的排列应使织物的主平面与香烟长轴平行。织物最好褶裥织物或槽纹织物。可在制造纸过滤嘴用的常规设备上将织物制成过滤嘴。已经发现，在这些设备上，水力缠结织物的加工制造成过滤嘴比纸快，由此降低了生产成本。
水力缠结织物可以取代纸，用于制造已知结构形式的过滤嘴， 例如双过滤嘴、三过滤嘴，特别是单过滤嘴。
在本发明的另一实施方案中，可以通过将呈杆状的一束连续长丝进行缠结来制备过滤嘴，最好是利用高压水流沿纤维束的径向或周边方向对其喷射。这样的杆具有与已知常规过滤嘴相近的直径和单位重量。本发明因此提供了一种对溶纺纤维素丝束进行缠结的方法，其特征在于，其步骤是用一股或多股液体侧向地射向截面形状紧密的溶纺纤维素丝束。要进行缠结的丝束由基本上平行的连续长丝构成。丝束的横截面在形状上紧密，其意义是丝束的周长与截面积之比值相对较小，以2∶1至4∶1为宜。纤维束的截面形状最好是圆形，虽然它也可以是其它形状，例如椭圆、正方形或矩形。例如通过具有合适截面形状和面积的孔，可将溶纺纤维素丝束制成具有要求的形状紧密的截面。
进行缠结的溶纺纤维素丝最好是卷曲的，以便缠结产品内部具有良好的内聚力。由缠结加工产生的原纤维也起着在缠结产品中产生内聚力的作用。应当知道，截面形状紧密的纤维束不应在缠结步骤中被过度压缩。为纤维丝相互缠结必须让丝有充分移动的自由余地。如有必要，可将丝束再次进行缠结。
进行水力缠结的液体最好是水。单股或多股侧向水流的分布通常要使得水流垂直射向丝束中的丝，但要理解，绝对垂直并非必需。还应当理解，有时水流与丝束以非垂直角度撞击为宜。例如，可使用按不同角度分布的许多水流，以加强缠结程度。在一给定丝束中产生理想的缠结程度所需的水压和流速，可通过试差法来确定。例如，水流可以从多个喷嘴径向地喷向丝束，这些喷嘴一般对称地分布于丝束的周围，或者，射流从环状槽形喷头射出。如有必要，可以使用一系列沿纤维束长度方向排列的喷嘴分阶段进行缠结，此时，每一阶段中的缠结特性可能相同，也可能不相同。实施本发明，较方便的是令丝束通过一个或多个静止不动的喷嘴。
本发明方法制造的缠结溶纺纤维素丝束具有良好的侧向内聚力和抗形变稳定性。可以将其切割成杆状或塞状。它适于制造包括香烟过滤嘴在内的各种过滤器，以及其它制品，例如止血塞、钢笔(包括毡尖钢笔)的吸墨水芯子及蒸发型空气清新座的内芯等。
使用的溶纺纤维素丝，各种溶纺纤维素人造短纤维和各种其它类型的丝或纤维，其纤度通常在0.05至20分特，一般为1至5分特。
比起常规的乙酸酯过滤嘴或纸过滤嘴，本发明的香烟过滤嘴具有较高的过滤效率(即保留焦油和颗粒物的程度较高)。本发明的过滤嘴用作单过滤嘴是很有利的。

Claims (9)

1.一种香烟过滤嘴，其特征在于，过滤嘴的主体由缠结的溶纺纤维素连续长丝构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的香烟过滤嘴，其特征在于，过滤嘴的主体由水力缠结的织物构成，此织物由一层或多层铺展纤维束形式的溶纺纤维素丝构成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的香烟过滤嘴，其特征在于，过滤嘴的主体是杆状的溶纺纤维丝素连续长丝束。
4.根据权利要求3所述的香烟过滤嘴，其特征在于，以一股或多股高压水流径向地或周边方向地射向溶纺纤维素丝束来制备缠结丝束。
5.一种香烟，其特征在于，具有根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的过滤嘴。
6.一种对溶纺纤维素丝束进行缠结的方法，其特征在于，其步骤是用一股或多股液体流侧向射向具有形状紧密截面的溶纺纤维素丝束。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，接受缠结加工的溶纺纤维素丝束具有形状紧密的截面。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，一股或多股液流垂直射向丝束。
9.根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所用的液体是水。
CN95193604A 1994-06-20 1995-06-19 缠结溶纺纤维素长丝香烟过滤嘴及此类纤维束的缠结方法 Pending CN1150746A (zh)

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ATE185686T1 (de) 1999-11-15
DE69512906D1 (de) 1999-11-25
CZ371696A3 (en) 1997-04-16
FI965077A (fi) 1996-12-17
CZ371896A3 (en) 1997-10-15
GB9412311D0 (en) 1994-08-10
JPH10501416A (ja) 1998-02-10
US5839448A (en) 1998-11-24
EP0766519B1 (en) 1998-11-18
SK162096A3 (en) 1997-10-08
SK161996A3 (en) 1997-09-10
WO1995035044A1 (en) 1995-12-28
BR9508070A (pt) 1997-08-12
RU2130279C1 (ru) 1999-05-20
WO1995035043A1 (en) 1995-12-28
FI965077A0 (fi) 1996-12-17
EP0758853B1 (en) 1999-10-20
FI965076A0 (fi) 1996-12-17
AU3270295A (en) 1996-01-15
ATE173381T1 (de) 1998-12-15
DE69506107D1 (de) 1998-12-24
JPH10501975A (ja) 1998-02-24
BR9508060A (pt) 1997-11-18
FI965076A (fi) 1996-12-17
EP0758853A1 (en) 1997-02-26
AU2744895A (en) 1996-01-15
CN1151107A (zh) 1997-06-04
EP0766519A1 (en) 1997-04-09

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