CN115074166A - 一种耐高温合成酯制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 5
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XZOYHFBNQHPJRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methyloctanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCC(O)=O XZOYHFBNQHPJRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- XYHKNCXZYYTLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=NC=CN1 XYHKNCXZYYTLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-Methylbutanoic acid Natural products CC(C)CC([O-])=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OEOIWYCWCDBOPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-heptanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCC(O)=O OEOIWYCWCDBOPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-methyl-butyric acid Natural products CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyol ester Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/02—Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen
- C07C69/22—Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen having three or more carbon atoms in the acid moiety
- C07C69/33—Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen having three or more carbon atoms in the acid moiety esterified with hydroxy compounds having more than three hydroxy groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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Abstract
本发明提供的合成酯油，由季戊四醇、脂肪酸在催化剂作用下经过酯化反应制得。将季戊四醇与脂肪酸在催化剂作用下进行酯化分水反应，检测反应物羟值小于5mgKOH/g时停止反应，经分离纯化处理，即得所需合成酯产品。本发明提供了一种耐高温(300℃以上)合成酯冷冻机油及其制备方法，该POE油除具备优良的热稳定性、黏温特性、润滑性性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适用于R410a、R32等氢氟烃(HFCs)制冷剂的合成酯型(POE)冷冻机油组合物。
背景技术
臭氧层破坏是公认的全球三大环境污染问题之一，臭氧层破坏，将使地面受到紫外线辐射的强度增加，给地球上的生命带来巨大危害。2019年与2020年分别颁布的《蒙特利尔议定书》与《空调新能效标准》(GB19576-2019)，明确禁止使用旧型制冷剂氟利昂。作为一个负责任的大国，中国政府于2018年正式宣布，提前禁用R22，改用R32、R410等新型制冷剂。国家明令禁用制冷剂氟利昂，原配套使用的传统冷冻机油遭到淘汰。作为制冷环节的心脏，新型POE冷冻机油应运而生，一系列政策直接致使新一代POE冷冻机油市场消费量急剧增加，尤其是面对R32的冷冻机油全球短缺。
冷冻机油是指制冷压缩机专用润滑油，主要用于润滑、冷却、散热、清理、密封、减噪等功效，广泛应用于汽车、家用电器、航空航天等众多领域。近年来国家大力发展环保产业，国务院、环保部出台一系列政策对使用消耗臭氧层物质建设进行管理，禁止使用制冷剂R22，传统矿物油冷冻机油无法适配，新型POE冷冻机油亟待适配。并且，随着消费升级和下游应用领域不断拓展，冷冻机油行业需求旺盛。
POE冷冻机油稳定性差：合成酯稳定性差，易水解腐蚀设备，缩短空调寿命，造成安全隐患。润滑性能低：温度的降低，会发生制冷剂与冷冻机油分离。在蒸发器内，影响传热效率；供油不足烧坏压缩机；机体异常振动甚至造成滑动部件烧结。目前，我国各行业所使用的POE多元醇酯型冷冻机油主要依赖美、日进口。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种耐高温(300℃以上)合成酯冷冻机油及其制备方法，该POE油除具备优良的热稳定性、黏温特性、润滑性性能。
为达上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明提供的合成酯油，由季戊四醇、脂肪酸在催化剂作用下经过酯化反应制得。
将季戊四醇与脂肪酸在催化剂作用下进行酯化分水反应，检测反应物羟值小于5mgKOH/g时停止反应，经分离纯化处理，即得所需合成酯产品。
本发明所述的脂肪酸为碳数C3～C20的直链或支链脂肪酸中的一种或几种。所述脂肪酸与季戊四醇摩尔比为10:1～1:1。
本发明所述催化剂为硫酸、磷酸、钛硅分子筛、铁硅分子筛、锡硅分子筛中的一种或几种。所述催化剂与季戊四醇的质量比为0.1～2％。
本发明所述酯化反应温度为80～300℃，反应时间为2h～24h。本发明提供的POE油可用于家用空调、车载空调、家用冰箱、冷库等中。
有益效果：本发明提供了一种耐高温(300℃以上)合成酯冷冻机油及其制备方法，该POE油除具备优良的热稳定性、黏温特性、润滑性性能。
具体实例
实施例1
将0.2mol季戊四醇、0.4mol的异戊酸、0.6mol异壬酸、0.3g钛硅分子筛置于带有回流冷凝器及电动搅拌器的三口烧瓶中。温度为250℃，反应12小时。除去反应生成的水，待反应物羟值小于5mgKOH/g时停止反应，降温至200℃并减压蒸馏2h，除去未反应的酸，取出反应混合物，加入0.5％KOH溶液进行碱洗，然后用蒸馏水进行水洗，洗至中性，然后在120℃条件下减压蒸馏1h，冷却过滤后得到浅黄色合成酯油。
实施例2
将0.2mol季戊四醇、0.6mol的丁酸、0.4mol异辛酸、0.1mol全0.2mol异壬酸以及0.3g铁硅分子筛置于带有回流冷凝器及电动搅拌器的三瓶烧瓶中。温度为220℃，反应10小时。除去反应生成的水，待反应物羟值小于5mgKOH/g时停止反应，降温至210℃并减压蒸馏1h，除去未反应的酸，取出反应混合物，加入0.5％KOH溶液进行碱洗，然后用蒸馏水进行水洗，洗至中性，然后在120℃条件下减压蒸馏1h，冷却过滤后得到浅黄色合成酯油。
实施例3
对以上实施例和对比例制得产品的氧化安定性、热稳定性及成碳情况、高温测试后油品颜色进行测定。氧化诱导期测定采用PDSC方法，测定条件为：温度190℃，氧压0.5MPa；热稳定性、成碳情况及高温测试后油品颜色等测试依据SH/T0300-92《曲轴箱模拟试验方法(QZX法)。结果见下表1中所示：
表1热稳定性对比
通过对比可知，本发明提供的耐高温合成酯油与常规的合成酯油相比，热、氧化安定性等方面具有明显优势，是一种高温稳定性能优良的POE冷冻机油。
Claims (6)
1.一种耐高温合成酯制备方法，其特征在于，所述合成酯由季戊四醇、脂肪酸在催化剂作用下经过酯化反应制得，具体步骤为：将季戊四醇与脂肪酸在催化剂作用下进行酯化分水反应，检测反应物羟值小于5mgKOH/g时停止反应，经分离纯化处理，即得所需合成酯产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温合成酯制备方法，其特征在于，所述的脂肪酸为碳数C3～C20的直链或支链脂肪酸中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温合成酯制备方法，其特征在于，所述脂肪酸与季戊四醇摩尔比为脂肪酸：季戊四醇＝10:1～1:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温合成酯制备方法，其特征在于，所述催化剂为硫酸、磷酸、钛硅分子筛、铁硅分子筛、锡硅分子筛中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温合成酯制备方法，其特征在于，所述催化剂与季戊四醇的质量比为催化剂/季戊四醇＝0.1～2％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温合成酯制备方法，其特征在于，所述酯化反应温度为80～300℃，反应时间为2h～24h。
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| CN111218322A (zh) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-06-02 | 北京蓝星清洗有限公司 | 一种季戊四醇酯润滑油基础油及其制备方法 |
| CN111676088A (zh) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-09-18 | 上海中孚特种油品有限公司 | 一种环保型合成冷冻机油及其制备方法 |
| CN112410094A (zh) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-02-26 | 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 | 冷冻机油基础油、冷冻机油及冷冻机用工作流体组合物 |
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