CN115073221A - Long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for coconuts and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for coconuts and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN115073221A
CN115073221A CN202210711936.XA CN202210711936A CN115073221A CN 115073221 A CN115073221 A CN 115073221A CN 202210711936 A CN202210711936 A CN 202210711936A CN 115073221 A CN115073221 A CN 115073221A
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parts
coconut
fertilizer
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acting slow
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卢丽兰
杨伟波
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Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
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Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
    • C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and particularly discloses a coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 30-50 parts of marine product processing waste, 30-50 parts of banana and pineapple waste, 20-30 parts of coconut processing waste, 2-5 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 15-25 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of potassium chloride, 5-8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 6-8 parts of borax, 0.5-3 parts of sea salt, 3-5 parts of chelated trace elements, 1-2 parts of water-retaining agent, 1-2 parts of herbicide, 1-2 parts of bactericide and 5-8 parts of coating material. The coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer prepared by the invention provides comprehensive nutritional ingredients, improves the yield of coconuts, effectively reduces the loss rate of the fertilizer, provides the utilization rate of the fertilizer, has the characteristics of fertilizer and water retention, provides the capability of coconut in resisting plant diseases and insect pests, has the weeding effect, does not need frequent fertilization, is beneficial to reducing the labor intensity of coconut farmers, and is time-saving and labor-saving.

Description

Long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for coconuts and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, relates to a mixed fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and particularly relates to a long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for coconuts and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The coconut (with the scientific name: Cocos nucifera L.) is a plant of the genus Cocos of the family Palmae, the plant is tall and big, arborous, 15-30 meters tall, thick and strong stem with annular leaf marks, the base part is thickened, and small roots are often clustered. The thick petiole, the axil of the inflorescence, the egg-shaped or nearly spherical shape of the fruit, the cavity of the fruit containing the endosperm (i.e. "pulp" or kernel), the embryo and the juice (coconut water), and the flowering and flowering phases are mainly in autumn. Coconut is cultivated in southeast Asia, Indonesian to Pacific Islands, islands in south Guangdong China, and tropical regions in peninsula, Hainan, Taiwan and south Yunnan province. Hainan is the staple producing area of Chinese coconuts. As the coconut trees are easy to cultivate and manage, the coconut trees lack sufficient attention for planting management for a long time, the planting scale is small, the management is extensive, the coconut trees are low in yield or not produced, and the yield of each plant is low. In the process of cultivating the coconuts, reasonable fertilization is an effective way for improving the yield of the coconuts. Therefore, the research and development of the special fertilizer for the coconut has important economic value.
In the planting process, nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like are required from the seedling stage, the initial flowering stage and the full bearing stage, so that the labor cost for fertilizing the coconuts is high, the labor cost rises gradually with the continuous expansion of the planting area of the coconuts, meanwhile, consumers and enterprises have high requirements on the quality of the coconuts, and a lot of growers are seeking a special fertilizer capable of efficiently fertilizing the coconuts. On one hand, the application frequency of the fertilizer is reduced, the nutrient absorption and utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved, and on the other hand, the yield and the quality of the coconuts can be improved, so that the development of a nutrient fertilizer which is basically consistent with the fertilizer requirement rule of the coconuts in different growth periods, namely the synchronous special fertilizer for the coconuts, has important significance. The coconut fertilizer can not only achieve the purposes of saving fertilizer, time and labor, but also be rich in various nutrient components, water retention, disease and pest resistant pesticides and herbicides required by coconut growth, is beneficial to coconut growth, improves yield and quality, improves disease and pest resistance, can retain water to a certain extent, prevents weeds from growing together and prevents diseases and pests from breeding, and saves manual management cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the fertilizer for planting coconuts in the prior art, the invention provides the special fertilizer for long-acting slow release of the coconuts, which has comprehensive nutrient components, reasonable element proportion, slow release and water retention effects, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, has the effects of sterilization, pest and disease resistance and weeding, does not need frequent fertilization, is favorable for reducing the labor intensity of coconut farmers, and saves time and labor. Can be used in multiple growth periods of coconut, and can promote growth of coconut tree and increase yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for the coconuts is provided, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 30-50 parts of marine product processing waste, 30-50 parts of banana and pineapple waste, 20-30 parts of coconut processing waste, 2-5 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 15-25 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of potassium chloride, 5-8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 6-8 parts of borax, 0.5-3 parts of sea salt, 3-5 parts of chelated trace elements, 1-2 parts of water-retaining agent, 1-2 parts of herbicide, 1-2 parts of bactericide and 5-8 parts of coating material.
Further, the livestock manure is mainly single manure or a mixture of a plurality of manure such as chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure or sheep manure.
Further, the coating material is composed of polyamide wax, sweet potato starch and hydrophilic phenolic vulcanized resin.
Further, the mass ratio of the polyamide wax, the sweet potato starch and the hydrophilic phenolic vulcanized resin is 1-3: 2-3: 3 to 6. The coating material is easy to degrade, contains carbohydrate, and has no pollution to soil and water sources, and the sweet potato starch can supplement soil carbon sources and nutrients.
Further, the chelated trace elements are chelated trace elements prepared by an EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) reagent.
Further, the marine product processing waste is marine product processing waste such as dried shrimps, shrimp shells, fish bones, seaweed and the like, and is fully crushed and uniformly stirred. The marine product processing waste contains chitin, which can promote the growth of coconut root system, strengthen the root and provide organic nutrient substances.
Further, the banana and pineapple waste is banana and pineapple branch and residual leaves or banana and pineapple peel crushed waste residues, and is fully crushed and uniformly stirred. The banana and pineapple wastes are fully utilized as a fertilizer formula, so that a higher potassium element can be obtained, local main fruit waste residues can be fully utilized, soil organic matters and nutrients are improved, and the ecological environment is improved.
Further, the coconut processing waste is mixture of coconut water, filtered coconut milk, meat residue, coconut husk, coconut oil meal residue and the like which are discarded in coconut processing, and the mixture is fully stirred and evenly stirred. Not only can fully utilize the coconut processing waste, but also the nutrient and the metabolic substance of the coconut return to the soil, thereby being beneficial to the cyclic utilization of the nutrient and the substance, promoting the growth and the development of the coconut and improving the yield and the quality.
Further, the complex microbial inoculum consists of the following components: the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the trichoderma harzianum and the lactobacillus in a mass ratio of 1-3: 1-3: 1-2: 0.5-1: 0.5 to 1.5. Not only makes the organic fertilizer ferment fully, but also improves the microbial community structure and the soil structure of the soil, and plays a role in resisting diseases and sterilizing to a certain extent.
Further, the herbicide consists of trifluralin, prometryn and simazine in a mass ratio of 0.5-1: 0.5-1: 0.5 to 1.
Further, the bactericide consists of carbendazim and hymexazol in a mass ratio of 0.5-1: 0.5 to 1.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 100-120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 30-50 parts of marine product processing waste, 30-50 parts of banana and pineapple waste and 20-30 parts of coconut processing waste according to a proportion, adding lime powder, uniformly stirring to adjust to 6.5-7.5, adding 2-5 parts of composite microbial inoculum, and uniformly stirring to obtain an organic fertilizer mixture;
s2, adding the organic fertilizer mixture into a fermentation device, spraying 10% soda water to adjust the water content to 60-70%, stacking and fermenting for 15 days, then spraying 10% soda water to adjust the water content to 40-50%, and stacking and fermenting for 15 days to obtain an organic fertilizer;
s3, dissolving the coating material in 80-100 parts of water, and heating to 60-90 ℃ to obtain a coating slow-release agent;
s4, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer obtained in the step S2 with 15-25 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of potassium chloride, 5-8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 6-8 parts of borax, 0.5-3 parts of sea salt, 3-5 parts of chelated trace elements, 1-2 parts of a water-retaining agent, 1-2 parts of a herbicide and 1-2 parts of a bactericide, drying or adding water to adjust the mixture into a mixture capable of being granulated, adding a granulator and granulating according to a conventional method to obtain a granulated fertilizer with the grain size of 3-5 mm;
s5, conveying the granulated fertilizer into a coating machine, atomizing and spraying a coating slow-release agent on the surface of the granulated fertilizer, cooling, drying and packaging to obtain the long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for the coconuts.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the invention combines organic-inorganic fertilizer with the coating material to prepare the slow-release long-acting fertilizer, has obvious fertilizer effect slow-release effect, slowly and moderately supplies the coconut for growth and development for a long time, can improve the utilization rate of each nutrient element of the fertilizer, reduce the fertilizer cost, meet the requirements of the coconut for nutrients in different periods for a long time, scientifically and reasonably prepare the proportion of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer, can provide sufficient nutrient components for the coconut for growth, and obviously improve the production speed, yield and quality of the coconut.
2. The invention takes polyamide wax, sweet potato starch and hydrophilic phenolic vulcanized resin as main coating materials, has good slow release performance, the coating materials are easy to degrade and contain carbohydrate, no pollution is caused to soil and water sources, and the sweet potato starch can supplement soil carbon sources and nutrients.
3. The invention takes organic fertilizers such as livestock and poultry manure and the like as a fertilizer formula, mainly provides organic matters and carbon substances, and improves the physical and chemical properties of soil.
4. The fertilizer formula takes marine processing wastes as marine processing wastes such as dried shrimps, shrimp shells, fish bones, seaweed and the like, and the marine processing wastes contain chitin, so that the fertilizer formula can promote the development of coconut root systems, strengthen the roots and provide organic nutrient substances.
5. The invention takes coconut processing waste (such as coconut water, coconut meat, coconut chaff, coconut water and the like) as a fertilizer formula, not only can fully utilize the coconut processing waste, but also the nutrient and the metabolic substance of the coconut return to soil, thereby being beneficial to the cyclic utilization of the nutrient and the substance, promoting the growth and development of the coconut and improving the yield and the quality.
6. The invention takes the banana and pineapple wastes as a fertilizer formula, Hainan province is a main banana and pineapple planting and processing area, and banana and pineapple plants and fruits contain higher potassium, so the banana and pineapple wastes are fully utilized as the fertilizer formula, higher potassium elements can be obtained, local main fruit waste residues can be fully utilized, soil organic matters and nutrients are improved, and the ecological environment is improved.
7. The special compound microbial inoculum (comprising the following components of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, trichoderma harzianum and lactobacillus) is added, so that the organic fertilizer and the fertilizer are fully fermented, the microbial community structure and the soil structure of the soil can be improved, and the disease-resistant and bactericidal effects can be achieved to a certain degree.
8. The invention takes borax and sea salt as the formula of the fertilizer to supplement the nutrients of boron, sodium, chlorine and the like needed by coconuts.
9. The invention takes chelated microelements as a fertilizer formula, because the absorption utilization rate of the chelated microelements is far higher than that of inorganic salts. This is often a very small amount needed to achieve a significant effect. In use, the chelated medium trace elements can be compounded with various fertilizers, auxiliaries and regulators for use without reducing the effects of other products.
10. The invention takes the herbicide and the bactericide as the fertilizer formula, can not only quickly prevent and control the weeds around the roots of the coconuts, but also kill the harmful germs of the fertilizer and the soil.
11. In the process of preparing the fertilizer, quicklime is added in the fermentation process of the organic raw materials to adjust the pH value, so that the pH value of the fertilizer is close to that of soil, the phenomenon of soil acidification or alkalization cannot be caused during application, a large amount of bacteria in organic waste gas can be killed, and soda water with a certain concentration is sprayed during fermentation, so that the organic fertilizer is fully fermented and fluffy, can be better combined with an inorganic fertilizer, and can also improve the soil structure.
The fertilizer has the advantages of simple preparation process, full utilization of waste resources, waste material recycling, low cost, high production efficiency and the like, and provides good growth environment and conditions for coconuts. The organic waste in the place is reasonably utilized, the arrangement of the processing waste of a factory is provided, the technical support is provided for the improvement of the rural ecological environment, and the method has better economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit.
Detailed Description
Further features and advantages of the present invention will be understood from the following detailed description. The examples provided are merely illustrative of the method of the present invention and do not limit the remainder of the disclosure in any way. The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for coconuts is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 30 parts of marine product processing waste, 30 parts of banana and pineapple waste, 20 parts of coconut processing waste, 3 parts of complex microbial inoculum, 20 parts of urea, 6 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of potassium chloride, 6 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 6 parts of borax, 1.5 parts of sea salt, 3 parts of chelated trace elements, 1.5 parts of water-retaining agent, 1.5 parts of herbicide, 1 part of bactericide and 5 parts of coating material.
The coating material consists of polyamide wax, sweet potato starch and hydrophilic phenolic vulcanized resin in a mass ratio of 1:2: 3.
The complex microbial inoculum consists of the following components: bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma harzianum and lactobacillus in a mass ratio of 2:2:1:0.5: 0.5.
The herbicide consists of the following components: the mass ratio of the trifluralin to the prometryn to the simazine is 0.5:0.5: 0.5.
The bactericide consists of the following components: carbendazim and hymexazol at a mass ratio of 0.5: 0.5.
The preparation method of the coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 100 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 30 parts of marine product processing waste, 30 parts of banana and pineapple waste and 20 parts of coconut processing waste according to a proportion, adding lime powder, uniformly stirring, adjusting to 6.5-7.5, adding 3 parts of composite microbial inoculum, and uniformly stirring to obtain an organic fertilizer mixture;
(2) adding the organic fertilizer mixture into a fermentation device, spraying 10% soda water to adjust the water content to 60-70%, after stacking and fermenting for 15 days, spraying 10% soda water again to adjust the water content to 40-50%, and stacking and fermenting for 15 days to obtain an organic fertilizer;
(3) dissolving 5 parts of coating material in 80-100 parts of water, and heating to 60-90 ℃ to obtain a coating slow-release agent;
(4) uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer obtained in the step (2) with 20 parts of urea, 6 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of potassium chloride, 6 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 6 parts of borax, 1.5 parts of sea salt, 3 parts of chelated trace elements, 1.5 parts of water-retaining agent, 1.5 parts of herbicide and 1 part of bactericide, drying or adding water to adjust the mixture into a mixture capable of being granulated, and adding a granulator to granulate according to a conventional method to obtain a granulated fertilizer with the particle size of 3 mm;
(5) and (3) conveying the granulated fertilizer into a coating machine, atomizing and spraying a coating slow-release agent on the surface of the granulated fertilizer, cooling, drying and packaging to obtain the long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for the coconuts.
Example 2
A long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for coconuts is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 35 parts of marine processing waste, 35 parts of banana and pineapple waste, 25 parts of coconut processing waste, 3.5 parts of complex microbial inoculum, 18 parts of urea, 7 parts of potassium sulfate, 3.5 parts of potassium chloride, 7 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 6.5 parts of borax, 2 parts of sea salt, 3.5 parts of chelated trace elements, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 2 parts of herbicide, 1.5 parts of bactericide and 6 parts of coating material.
The coating material consists of polyamide wax, sweet potato starch and hydrophilic phenolic vulcanized resin in a mass ratio of 2:2: 3.
The complex microbial inoculum consists of the following components: bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma harzianum and lactobacillus in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.5:1:0.8: 0.8.
The herbicide consists of the following components: the trifluralin, the prometryn and the simazine in a mass ratio of 0.6:0.6: 0.8.
The bactericide consists of the following components: carbendazim and hymexazol in the weight ratio of 0.7 to 0.8.
The preparation method of the coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 110 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 35 parts of marine product processing waste, 35 parts of banana and pineapple waste and 25 parts of coconut processing waste according to a proportion, adding lime powder, uniformly stirring, adjusting to 6.5-7.5, adding 3.5 parts of composite microbial inoculum, and uniformly stirring to obtain an organic fertilizer mixture;
(2) adding the organic fertilizer mixture into a fermentation device, spraying 10% of soda water to adjust the water content to be 60-70%, after stacking and fermenting for 15 days, spraying 10% of soda water again to adjust the water content to be 40-50%, and stacking and fermenting for 15 days to obtain an organic fertilizer;
(3) dissolving 6 parts of coating material in 80-100 parts of water, and heating to 60-90 ℃ to obtain a coating slow-release agent;
(4) uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer obtained in the step (2) with 18 parts of urea, 7 parts of potassium sulfate, 3.5 parts of potassium chloride, 7 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 6.5 parts of borax, 2 parts of sea salt, 3.5 parts of chelated trace elements, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 2 parts of herbicide and 1.5 parts of bactericide, drying or adding water to adjust the mixture into a mixture capable of being granulated, and adding a granulator to granulate according to a conventional method to obtain a granulated fertilizer with the particle size of 3 mm;
(5) and (3) conveying the granular fertilizer into a coating machine, atomizing and spraying the coating slow-release agent on the surface of the granular fertilizer, cooling, drying and packaging to obtain the long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for coconut.
Example 3
A long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for coconuts is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 115 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 40 parts of marine processing waste, 40 parts of banana and pineapple waste, 30 parts of coconut processing waste, 4 parts of complex microbial inoculum, 20 parts of urea, 8 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of potassium chloride, 6.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 7 parts of borax, 2.5 parts of sea salt, 4 parts of chelated trace elements, 1 part of water-retaining agent, 1 part of herbicide, 1.5 parts of bactericide and 7 parts of coating material.
The coating material consists of polyamide wax, sweet potato starch and hydrophilic phenolic vulcanized resin in a mass ratio of 2:2: 5.
The complex microbial inoculum consists of the following components: bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma harzianum and lactobacillus in a mass ratio of 2:2:2:1: 1.
The herbicide consists of the following components: the trifluralin, the prometryn and the simazine in a mass ratio of 0.5:0.5: 1.
The bactericide consists of the following components: carbendazim and hymexazol in the weight ratio of 0.5 to 1.
The preparation method of the coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 115 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 40 parts of marine product processing waste, 40 parts of banana and pineapple waste and 30 parts of coconut processing waste according to a proportion, adding lime powder, uniformly stirring, adjusting to 6.5-7.5, adding 4 parts of composite microbial inoculum, and uniformly stirring to obtain an organic fertilizer mixture;
(2) adding the organic fertilizer mixture into a fermentation device, spraying 10% of soda water to adjust the water content to be 60-70%, after stacking and fermenting for 15 days, spraying 10% of soda water again to adjust the water content to be 40-50%, and stacking and fermenting for 15 days to obtain an organic fertilizer;
(3) dissolving 7 parts of coating material in 80-100 parts of water, and heating to 60-90 ℃ to obtain a coated sustained-release agent;
(4) uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer obtained in the step (2) with 20 parts of urea, 8 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of potassium chloride, 6.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 7 parts of borax, 2.5 parts of sea salt, 4 parts of chelated trace elements, 1 part of water-retaining agent, 1 part of herbicide and 1.5 parts of bactericide, drying or adding water to adjust the mixture into a mixture capable of being granulated, and adding a granulator to granulate according to a conventional method to obtain a granulated fertilizer with the particle size of 4 mm;
(5) and (3) conveying the granulated fertilizer into a coating machine, atomizing and spraying a coating slow-release agent on the surface of the granulated fertilizer, cooling, drying and packaging to obtain the long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for the coconuts.
Example 4
A long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for coconuts is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 50 parts of marine processing waste, 50 parts of banana and pineapple waste, 30 parts of coconut processing waste, 4.5 parts of complex microbial inoculum, 20 parts of urea, 9 parts of potassium sulfate, 4.5 parts of potassium chloride, 7.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 8 parts of borax, 3 parts of sea salt, 4.5 parts of chelated trace elements, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 2 parts of herbicide, 2 parts of bactericide and 7 parts of coating material.
The coating material consists of polyamide wax, sweet potato starch and hydrophilic phenolic vulcanized resin in a mass ratio of 1:3: 4.
The complex microbial inoculum consists of the following components: bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma harzianum and lactobacillus in a mass ratio of 2.5:2.5:1.5:0.8: 1.2.
The herbicide consists of the following components: the trifluralin, the prometryn and the simazine in a mass ratio of 0.6:0.8: 0.8.
The bactericide consists of the following components: the carbendazim and the hymexazol are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5.
The preparation method of the coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 50 parts of marine product processing waste, 50 parts of banana and pineapple waste and 30 parts of coconut processing waste according to a proportion, adding lime powder, uniformly stirring, adjusting to 6.5-7.5, adding 4.5 parts of composite microbial inoculum, and uniformly stirring to obtain an organic fertilizer mixture;
(2) adding the organic fertilizer mixture into a fermentation device, spraying 10% of soda water to adjust the water content to 60-70%, stacking and fermenting for 15 days, then spraying 10% of soda water to adjust the water content to 40-50%, and stacking and fermenting for 15 days to obtain an organic fertilizer;
(3) dissolving 7 parts of coating material in 80-100 parts of water, and heating to 60-90 ℃ to obtain a coated sustained-release agent;
(4) uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer obtained in the step (2) with 20 parts of urea, 9 parts of potassium sulfate, 4.5 parts of potassium chloride, 7.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 8 parts of borax, 3 parts of sea salt, 4.5 parts of chelated trace elements, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 2 parts of herbicide and 2 parts of bactericide, drying or adding water to adjust the mixture into a mixture capable of being granulated, and adding a granulator to granulate according to a conventional method to obtain a granulated fertilizer with the particle size of 4 mm;
(5) and (3) conveying the granulated fertilizer into a coating machine, atomizing and spraying a coating slow-release agent on the surface of the granulated fertilizer, cooling, drying and packaging to obtain the long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for the coconuts.
Example 5
A long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for coconuts is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 50 parts of marine product processing waste, 50 parts of banana and pineapple waste, 30 parts of coconut processing waste, 5 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 25 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 8 parts of borax, 3 parts of sea salt, 5 parts of chelated trace elements, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 2 parts of herbicide, 2 parts of bactericide and 8 parts of coating material.
The coating material consists of polyamide wax, sweet potato starch and hydrophilic phenolic vulcanized resin in a mass ratio of 3:3: 6.
The complex microbial inoculum consists of the following components: bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma harzianum and lactobacillus in a mass ratio of 3:3:2:1: 1.5.
The herbicide consists of the following components: the trifluralin, the prometryn and the simazine in a mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
The bactericide consists of the following components: the carbendazim and the hymexazol are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1.
The preparation method of the coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 50 parts of marine product processing waste, 50 parts of banana and pineapple waste and 30 parts of coconut processing waste according to a proportion, adding lime powder, uniformly stirring, adjusting to 6.5-7.5, adding 5 parts of composite microbial inoculum, and uniformly stirring to obtain an organic fertilizer mixture;
(2) adding the organic fertilizer mixture into a fermentation device, spraying 10% of soda water to adjust the water content to be 60-70%, after stacking and fermenting for 15 days, spraying 10% of soda water again to adjust the water content to be 40-50%, and stacking and fermenting for 15 days to obtain an organic fertilizer;
(3) dissolving 8 parts of coating material in 80-100 parts of water, and heating to 60-90 ℃ to obtain a coating slow-release agent;
(4) uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer obtained in the step (2) with 25 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 8 parts of borax, 3 parts of sea salt, 5 parts of chelated trace elements, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 2 parts of herbicide and 2 parts of bactericide, drying or adding water to adjust the mixture into a mixture capable of being granulated, and adding a granulator to granulate according to a conventional method to obtain granulated fertilizer with the particle size of 5 mm;
(5) and (3) conveying the granulated fertilizer into a coating machine, atomizing and spraying a coating slow-release agent on the surface of the granulated fertilizer, cooling, drying and packaging to obtain the long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for the coconuts.
And (3) field test: the coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer prepared in the above embodiments 1 to 5 can be directly applied to coconut trees, the application amount per plant per year, the coconut seedling stage: 1.0-1.50 kg, initial flowering and initial fruit period: 2.5-3.0 kg, full bloom: 4.5-5.0 kg, which can be adjusted according to the specific variety or growth vigor of the coconut tree. The comparative groups were commercially available organic fertilizer and ternary compound fertilizer (purchased on the market), as shown in table 1. For example, 200 coconuts (20 per mu; 10 mu in total) were tested in each group for coconut trees of different growth periods (seedling stage, early flowering stage, full flowering stage). The specific fertilization operation method comprises the following steps: fertilizing in a circular ditch with the radius of 1-1.5 m of the head of the coconut tree, covering with thin soil, paving hay or a weed control film, and watering. Applying different fertilizers to each coconut tree according to the fertilizing amount of 0.75kg for each coconut tree in the seedling stage, 1.50kg for each coconut tree in the initial flowering stage and 2.5kg for each coconut tree in the full flowering stage, wherein the fertilizers are applied once every half year and are continuously applied for 2 times every year. And sufficient moisture is ensured during fertilization, and the fertilizer is conveniently and efficiently absorbed. And (4) collecting samples at the end of the last month of every 1 year of fertilization, detecting and analyzing, investigating the influence of different fertilizers on the growth of the coconuts, and performing data statistics.
And (3) test results: the red dwarf coconut is used as a test material, the test is carried out for 3 years, and the average value of the data statistics is sampled for 3 years. Compared with common organic fertilizers and compound fertilizers (sold on the market at present), the long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for coconuts, which is prepared from the fertilizer prepared in the examples 1-5, has the advantages that the nutrient content of coconut leaves, the nutrient content of coconut fruit quality, the number of female flowers, the fruit setting rate and the yield are obviously improved, and the incidence rate of coconuts is obviously reduced. Compared with the common fertilizer, the long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for the coconuts can improve the yield of the coconuts by 20-60%.
TABLE 1 different fertilizer ratios
Treatment group Fertilizer formula
1 Example 1
2 Example 2
3 Example 3
4 Example 4
5 Example 5
6 Organic fertilizer sold on market
7 Commercial ternary compound fertilizer
(1) Influence of different fertilizers on coconut seedlings (1-2 years, calculated after field planting)
Coconut leaves were collected respectively, and the element content thereof was measured by a flame atomic absorption method, as shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2 Effect of different fertilizers on the content of elements in leaves of coconut seedlings
Figure BDA0003708399110000111
Figure BDA0003708399110000121
TABLE 3 Effect of different fertilizers on the content of elements in leaves of coconut seedlings
Treatment group Fe(mg/kg) Mn(mg/kg) Cu(mg/kg) Zn(mg/kg) B(mg/kg) Mo(mg/kg)
1 72.23 90.35 5.43 22.17 13.15 9.25
2 65.15 84.32 5.22 18.44 16.23 6.25
3 76.32 98.56 6.24 25.24 17.56 7.58
4 64.27 70.32 5.42 16.56 16.35 8.65
5 44.38 76.45 5.23 15.23 10.25 5.36
6 68.12 82.54 5.66 17.58 9.65 5.23
7 52.65 65.24 5.25 15.68 9.56 5.68
(2) Influence of different fertilizers on coconut trees in the initial flowering and fruit stage (the age of the trees is 3-4 years)
Respectively counting the flowering quantity and the fruit setting rate of the coconut trees applied with different fertilizers. The coconut leaves were collected and the elemental content was determined, as shown in tables 4, 5, and 6.
TABLE 4 Effect of different fertilizers on coconut blossom and fruit setting
Treatment group Number of female flowers (flowers/plant years) Percentage of fertile fruit (%) Incidence (%) Yield (volume)
1 21 82 <5 15
2 24 84 <5 15
3 18 76 <5 10
4 15 76 <5 12
5 16 78 <5 11
6 14 72 <15 6
7 15 72 <15 8
TABLE 5 Effect of different fertilizers on the content of elements in leaves of coconut seedlings
Treatment group N(％) P(％) K(％) Ca(％) Mg(％) Na(％) Cl(％)
1 1.72 0.13 0.78 0.46 0.34 0.32 0.50
2 1.73 0.12 0.85 0.53 0.30 0.36 0.46
3 1.75 0.14 0.74 0.45 0.31 0.28 0.52
4 1.73 0.15 0.95 0.51 0.38 0.39 0.47
5 1.74 0.12 0.86 0.57 0.31 0.31 0.51
6 1.52 0.08 0.64 0.35 0.25 0.12 0.33
7 1.63 0.10 0.65 0.31 0.28 0.25 0.36
TABLE 6 Effect of different fertilizers on the content of elements in leaves of coconut seedlings
Figure BDA0003708399110000122
Figure BDA0003708399110000131
(3) Influence of different fertilizers on full bloom stage (age of tree 8-9 years)
Respectively counting the flowering quantity and the fruit setting rate of coconut trees applied with different fertilizers and the yield of coconuts. Coconut leaves were collected and the elemental content was determined separately, as shown in tables 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.
TABLE 7 Effect of different fertilizers on coconut flowering, fruit set and yield
Treatment group Number of female flowers (flowers/plant years) Percentage of fertile fruit (%) Incidence (%) Yield (volume)
1 198 82 <5 130
2 185 84 <5 118
3 187 78 <5 120
4 192 79 <5 110
5 181 82 <5 128
6 150 62 <10 60
7 145 67 <10 80
TABLE 8 Effect of different fertilizers on the content of elements in leaves of coconut seedlings
Treatment group N(％) P(％) K(％) Ca(％) Mg(％) Na(％) Cl(％)
1 1.68 0.12 0.74 0.46 0.31 0.32 0.51
2 1.73 0.12 0.70 0.53 0.36 0.31 0.46
3 1.75 0.13 0.74 0.45 0.31 0.28 0.52
4 1.61 0.10 0.75 0.47 0.36 0.36 0.47
5 1.76 0.13 0.71 0.48 0.31 0.45 0.46
6 1.35 0.08 0.58 0.35 0.25 0.12 0.33
7 1.42 0.07 0.57 0.31 0.28 0.25 0.34
TABLE 9 Effect of different fertilizers on the content of elements in leaves of coconut seedlings
Treatment group Fe(mg/kg) Mn(mg/kg) Cu(mg/kg) Zn(mg/kg) B(mg/kg) Mo(mg/kg)
1 73.23 80.35 5.43 20.17 13.15 9.25
2 62.15 84.32 7.22 18.44 16.23 7.25
3 71.32 88.56 6.24 23.56 15.56 7.58
4 63.27 76.32 5.42 19.56 16.35 8.65
5 64.38 73.45 5.23 15.23 10.25 7.39
6 58.12 72.54 4.66 17.58 9.65 5.23
7 52.65 65.24 5.25 15.68 6.56 6.41
TABLE 10 Effect of different fertilizers on the quality of (Red dwarf) coconut
Figure BDA0003708399110000132
Figure BDA0003708399110000141
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore, the present invention is not limited by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for coconuts is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 30-50 parts of marine product processing waste, 30-50 parts of banana and pineapple waste, 20-30 parts of coconut processing waste, 2-5 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 15-25 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of potassium chloride, 5-8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 6-8 parts of borax, 0.5-3 parts of sea salt, 3-5 parts of chelated trace elements, 1-2 parts of water-retaining agent, 1-2 parts of herbicide, 1-2 parts of bactericide and 5-8 parts of coating material.
2. The coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the coating material is composed of polyamide wax, sweet potato starch and hydrophilic phenolic vulcanized resin, and the mass ratio is 1-3: 2-3: 3 to 6.
3. The coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the chelated trace elements are chelated trace elements prepared by an EDTA reagent.
4. The coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the marine product processing waste is marine product processing waste of dried shrimps, shrimp shells, fish bones and seaweed, and is fully crushed and uniformly stirred.
5. The coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the banana and pineapple waste is banana and pineapple branch residual leaves or banana and pineapple peel crushed waste residues, and is fully crushed and uniformly stirred.
6. The coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the coconut processing waste is a mixture of coconut water, filtered coconut milk, meat residue, coconut husk and coconut frying oil meal residue which are discarded in coconut processing, and the mixture is fully crushed and uniformly stirred.
7. The coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the complex microbial inoculum consists of the following components: the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the trichoderma harzianum and the lactobacillus in a mass ratio of 1-3: 1-3: 1-2: 0.5-1: 0.5 to 1.5.
8. The coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the herbicide consists of trifluralin, prometryn and simazine in a mass ratio of 0.5-1: 0.5-1: 0.5 to 1.
9. The coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the bactericide consists of carbendazim and hymexazol in a mass ratio of 0.5-1: 0.5 to 1.
10. A preparation method of the coconut long-acting slow-release special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, weighing 100-120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 30-50 parts of marine product processing waste, 30-50 parts of banana and pineapple waste and 20-30 parts of coconut processing waste according to a proportion, adding lime powder, uniformly stirring to adjust to 6.5-7.5, adding 2-5 parts of composite microbial inoculum, and uniformly stirring to obtain an organic fertilizer mixture;
s2, adding the organic fertilizer mixture into a fermentation device, spraying 10% of soda water to adjust the water content to 60-70%, stacking and fermenting for 15 days, then spraying 10% of soda water to adjust the water content to 40-50%, and stacking and fermenting for 15 days to obtain an organic fertilizer;
s3, dissolving the coating material in 80-100 parts of water, and heating to 60-90 ℃ to obtain a coating slow-release agent;
s4, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer obtained in the step S2 with 15-25 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of potassium chloride, 5-8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 6-8 parts of borax, 0.5-3 parts of sea salt, 3-5 parts of chelated trace elements, 1-2 parts of a water-retaining agent, 1-2 parts of a herbicide and 1-2 parts of a bactericide, drying or adding water to adjust the mixture into a mixture capable of being granulated, adding a granulator and granulating according to a conventional method to obtain a granulated fertilizer with the grain size of 3-5 mm;
s5, conveying the granulated fertilizer into a coating machine, atomizing and spraying a coating slow-release agent on the surface of the granulated fertilizer, cooling, drying and packaging to obtain the long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for the coconuts.
CN202210711936.XA 2022-06-22 2022-06-22 Long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for coconuts and preparation method thereof Pending CN115073221A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115677417A (en) * 2022-10-24 2023-02-03 北京丰泰民安生物科技有限公司 Preparation method of organic fertilizer by fermenting livestock and poultry excrement

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1651357A (en) * 2004-02-08 2005-08-10 吴永常 Organic-inorganic adulterated formula fertilizer
CN106495946A (en) * 2016-10-25 2017-03-15 广西科技大学鹿山学院 A kind of Arenga pinnata tree long-acting specific composite fertilizer material and preparation method thereof
CN106927898A (en) * 2015-12-29 2017-07-07 青岛世纪星语通讯科技有限公司 A kind of coconut chemical fertilizer specially
CN107602231A (en) * 2017-09-28 2018-01-19 钟山佳欣果蔬有限责任公司 A kind of citrus special slow release depot fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN113277896A (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-08-20 海南瑞民农业科技有限公司 Special fertilizer for coconut containing salt in flower and fruit period

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1651357A (en) * 2004-02-08 2005-08-10 吴永常 Organic-inorganic adulterated formula fertilizer
CN106927898A (en) * 2015-12-29 2017-07-07 青岛世纪星语通讯科技有限公司 A kind of coconut chemical fertilizer specially
CN106495946A (en) * 2016-10-25 2017-03-15 广西科技大学鹿山学院 A kind of Arenga pinnata tree long-acting specific composite fertilizer material and preparation method thereof
CN107602231A (en) * 2017-09-28 2018-01-19 钟山佳欣果蔬有限责任公司 A kind of citrus special slow release depot fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN113277896A (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-08-20 海南瑞民农业科技有限公司 Special fertilizer for coconut containing salt in flower and fruit period

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115677417A (en) * 2022-10-24 2023-02-03 北京丰泰民安生物科技有限公司 Preparation method of organic fertilizer by fermenting livestock and poultry excrement

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