CN109792938B - Preparation method of mechanical transplanting strong seedling matrix and organic mixed filling component for silk seedling type rice - Google Patents

Preparation method of mechanical transplanting strong seedling matrix and organic mixed filling component for silk seedling type rice Download PDF

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CN109792938B
CN109792938B CN201910225406.2A CN201910225406A CN109792938B CN 109792938 B CN109792938 B CN 109792938B CN 201910225406 A CN201910225406 A CN 201910225406A CN 109792938 B CN109792938 B CN 109792938B
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陈雄飞
莫钊文
余佳佳
刘俊安
刘兆朋
夏海洋
刘木华
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Jiangxi Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a silk seedling type rice mechanical transplanting strong seedling matrix and a preparation method of organic mixed filling components in the matrix, belonging to the technical field of rice cultivation. A silk seedling type rice mechanical transplanting seedling-strengthening matrix comprises organic mixed filling components, major elements, trace elements, a seedling-strengthening agent, a water-retaining agent, an insecticide and a microbial agent; wherein the raw material components comprise, by weight, 100 parts of organic mixed filling components, 0.5-5 parts of macroelements and 0.5-2 parts of trace elements; seedling-strengthening agent 0.5-2 parts, water-retaining agent 1-5 parts, pesticide 0.5-2 parts and microbial agent 0.5-5 parts. The invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. low cost, large market demand and simple and easy production process. 2. Shortens the production time of the organic matrix, and has the advantages of environmental protection, no pollution, resource saving and the like. 3. Can effectively improve the survival rate and the strong seedling index of the silk seedling type rice seedlings after transplantation. 4. The preparation and matched use method of the matrix is simple, the production flow is simple and convenient, the labor is saved, and the method is easy to master and operate.

Description

Preparation method of mechanical transplanting strong seedling matrix and organic mixed filling component for silk seedling type rice
Technical Field
The invention relates to a silk seedling type rice mechanical transplanting strong seedling matrix and a preparation method of organic mixed filling components in the matrix, belonging to the technical field of rice cultivation.
Background
With the improvement of living standard, people have increasingly increased demand for high-quality rice, and the planting demand of silk seedling type high-quality rice is also increasing. However, compared with high-yield high-quality rice, the silk seedling type high-quality rice is relatively tender, the stems are relatively soft, the plants are high and dense, and the lodging risk is relatively high. In the current production, although the traditional slurry seedling raising can enable the roots of the seedlings after mechanical transplanting to be quickly fused with soil and green turning to be quick, the slurry seedling raising needs a large amount of slurry, which not only consumes labor, but also needs to apply more chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and causes soil pollution and water pollution. But also can generate tender and tender spindly seedlings, and the seedlings are often thin and weak in stems, long and thin in leaves and underdeveloped in root systems. Strong rice seedlings require strong stems and leaves, moderate internode spacing and developed root system.
In addition, the organic planting high-quality characteristics of the silk seedling type rice are obvious, and the planting of the chemical fertilizer is not obvious. The silk seedling type rice is not resistant to low temperature, the rice is not too early to be grown early and not too late to be grown late when the rice is raised, otherwise the rice is more easily frozen in the seedling stage and the later stage. The cultivation of strong seedlings with suitable age is an important link for high yield of silk seedling type rice and is also an important technology for implementing large-scale machine transplanting. At present, some rice substrates are obtained by mixing fermented straws and animal wastes with peat and the like, but the peat is mainly distributed in the northeast and southwest of China, so that the exploitation and the transportation are inconvenient, the peat belongs to non-renewable resources, and the environment is greatly damaged by exploitation behaviors. In addition, the straws contain a large amount of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, and are important organic fertilizer sources for agricultural production. For a long time, the utilization rate of the straws is low in China, and farmers burn a large amount of straws, so that the waste of the straws and the air pollution are caused. A large amount of straws are discarded and incinerated every year, which not only causes serious environmental pollution, but also causes a large amount of waste of organic matters and nutrient resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a silk seedling type rice mechanical transplanting strong seedling substrate which effectively promotes strong seedlings, is low in cost and has small lodging risk.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a silk seedling type rice mechanical transplanting seedling-strengthening matrix comprises organic mixed filling components, major elements, trace elements, a seedling-strengthening agent, a water-retaining agent, an insecticide and a microbial agent; wherein the raw material components comprise, by weight, 100 parts of organic mixed filling components, 0.5-5 parts of macroelements and 0.5-2 parts of trace elements; seedling-strengthening agent 0.5-2 parts, water-retaining agent 1-5 parts, pesticide 0.5-2 parts and microbial agent 0.5-5 parts.
Preferably, the raw material components comprise 100 parts of organic mixed filling component, 3 parts of macroelement and 2 parts of microelement according to parts by weight; seedling strengthening agent 0.5 parts, water-retaining agent 1 part, pesticide 0.5 part, and microbial agent 1.5 parts.
Preferably, the organic mixed filling component comprises crushed corn stalks or corn cobs, rice stalks or rice husks and fully decomposed and fermented livestock manure.
Furthermore, the volume ratio of the mixture of the corn straws or the corn cobs, the rice straws or the rice husks and the livestock manure is 1:2: 0.1-1: 6: 0.5.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the mixture of the corn straws or the corn cobs, the rice straws or the rice husks and the livestock manure is 1:3: 0.1.
Preferably, the macroelement is N-P2O 5-K2O.
Preferably, the trace elements include copper, magnesium, zinc, iron, boron.
Preferably, the water retention agent is an environment-friendly super absorbent resin.
Preferably, the active ingredients of the pesticide comprise one or more than two of 62.5 g/l metalaxyl-fludioxonil suspending agent, 20% thiamethoxam suspending agent, 70% thiamethoxam dispersible powder, 10% flubendiamide suspending agent, 20% cyantraniliprole suspending agent or 15% indoxacarb suspending agent.
Preferably, the microbial agent comprises one or more than two of bacillus subtilis (cfu is more than or equal to 0.4-2.0), bacillus licheniformis (cfu is more than or equal to 0.3-2.0), bacillus laterosporus (cfu is more than or equal to 0.3-2.0) and bacillus thuringiensis (cfu is more than or equal to 0.3-2.0).
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of preparing an organic hybrid fill composition comprising the steps of: drying or air drying corn stalks or corncobs, rice stalks or rice husks and livestock manure after full decomposition and fermentation, crushing, passing through 5 x 5mm sieve meshes, and then steaming for 40-60 min or boiling with water for 30min for sterilization; naturally cooling, air drying, pulverizing, and stirring in a stirrer to obtain organic mixed filling component.
Or: a method of preparing an organic hybrid fill composition comprising the steps of: drying and crushing raw materials such as corn straws or corncobs, rice straws or chaffs and the like, passing through a sieve mesh with the size of 5 multiplied by 5mm, mixing and stirring the raw materials with EM (effective microorganisms) agents (strains such as lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and the like) and livestock manure, and stacking the raw materials on a cement site with a rain shielding facility, wherein the stacking specification is 2 meters wide and 1.5 meters high; during stacking, water is sprayed until the water content in the straws is 45% -55% so as to ensure the growth and propagation of the rotten fungi; and (3) composting, mixing and fermenting for 23-25 days to complete the decomposition process, and then drying in the sun or air, crushing, and uniformly mixing to obtain the organic mixed filling component.
Corn straws, rice hulls and the like are easy to obtain in production and low in cost, contain a large amount of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, and are recycled, so that the atmospheric pollution caused by burning the straws is reduced, the development and utilization speed of non-renewable resources such as turf, peat and the like is delayed, the atmospheric environment and natural resources are protected, and the nutrients of the straws are returned to the field; the microbial agent and the seedling strengthening agent are added, so that the seedling stress resistance is enhanced, the nitrogen fixation capacity of the seedlings is improved, such as bacillus subtilis, and diseases and harmful bacteria and pests can be prevented, killed and killed, such as bacillus licheniformis, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus laterosporus are added, wherein the bacillus laterosporus promotes root growth and degrades soil heavy metal, so that the pesticide usage amount of the seedlings after mechanical transplanting is greatly reduced; the super absorbent resin is added as a water retention agent, is a functional polymer material with extremely strong water absorption capacity, is non-toxic and harmless, and repeatedly releases and absorbs water, so that the strong seedling matrix has extremely strong water retention property, water resources are saved, the seedling root system can be ensured to absorb nutrition, and the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the production method has the advantages of low cost, large market demand and simple and feasible production process, the corn and rice straws and the like are crushed and then uniformly mixed with other raw materials according to the specific gravity and then dried, the corn and rice straws are simple and easily-obtained organic raw materials, the cost of other materials is lower, and the green and economic concept is met.
2. The corn straw and the rice straw or the rice husk are used as raw materials, a conventional fermentation and decomposition process is not needed, the production time of the organic matrix is greatly shortened, the method has the advantages of environmental protection, no pollution, resource saving and the like, the requirements of the silk seedling type rice seedling stage on nutrition are met, and the balance of the air permeability and the water retention of the matrix can be realized.
3. The silk seedling type rice seedlings have developed roots, thick stems and leaves, uniform emergence and consistent growth vigor, and can effectively improve the survival rate and the strong seedling index of the transplanted silk seedling type rice seedlings.
4. The raw materials selected by the invention are low in cost and low in carbon, green economy is realized, and meanwhile, the matrix preparation and matched use method is simple, the production flow is simple and convenient, the labor is saved, and the method is easy to master and operate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to a mechanical transplanting strong seedling substrate seedling test of a seedling type rice carried out at the university of agriculture in south china in 2018, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.
The test method of mechanical transplanting strong seedling matrix seedling culture of silk seedling type rice comprises the following steps: placing common rice soil and the matrix in a seedling raising tray to perform a rice seedling raising comparison test, respectively placing the rice soil and the matrix in each hole of the seedling raising tray, sowing 2 ivory seeds and 2 jade sesame seeds which are subjected to seed soaking and seed selection in each hole, and properly watering every day to keep the rice soil and the matrix moist. Observing the actual emergence rate of the rice field 15 days after sowing, and randomly sampling and measuring the height of the seedlings, the fresh weight of the overground part, the fresh weight of the underground part, the dry weight of the root system, the dry weight of the overground part, the root-crown ratio and the dry weight of the seedling height. The components and the ratio of the mechanical transplanting strong seedling substrate for silk seedling type rice are illustrated in table 1.
TABLE 1 weight parts of other components in a seedling-type matrix for mechanically transplanting strong seedlings of rice plants, relative to 100 weight parts of the filling components
Figure BDA0002005010130000041
Example 1: seedling-type rice mechanical transplanting strong seedling matrix seedling raising test
Preparation of organic hybrid fill ingredients: the volume ratio is 1:3:0.1 of corn straw, rice straw or rice husk and decomposed livestock manure are uniformly mixed to prepare an organic mixed filling component, the organic mixed filling component is dried in the sun or in the air and then crushed, the crushed material passes through 5 x 5mm sieve meshes and is then sterilized by steam cooking for 40-60 min or adding water and boiling for 30min, and the sterilized material is naturally cooled, dried in the air and crushed, and then enters a stirrer to be uniformly stirred to obtain the organic mixed filling component.
The preparation method of the seedling-type rice mechanical transplanting strong seedling substrate comprises the following steps: and (2) 11 months and 2 days, adding a proper amount of water into the organic mixed filling components according to the weight ratio of N-P205-K20, trace elements, seedling strengthening agent, high water-absorbent resin and pesticide of 100:3.0:2.0:0.5:1.0:0.5, uniformly stirring the mixture while adding the water to ensure that the humidity of the obtained matrix is moist, and then adding 14g of microbial agent into each kilogram of the mixture to obtain the seedling-type rice machine-transplanted strong seedling matrix. The microbial agent comprises 1-15 g of bacillus subtilis, 1-15 g of bacillus thuringiensis, 1-15 g of bacillus licheniformis or 1-15 g of bacillus laterosporus, or more than two strains which are uniformly mixed.
Example 2: seedling-type rice mechanical transplanting strong seedling matrix seedling raising test
Preparation of organic hybrid fill ingredients: the volume ratio is 1: 4: 0.1 of corn straw, rice straw or rice husk and decomposed livestock manure are uniformly mixed to prepare an organic mixed filling component, the organic mixed filling component is dried in the sun or in the air and then crushed, the crushed material passes through 5 x 5mm sieve meshes and is then sterilized by steam cooking for 40-60 min or adding water and boiling for 30min, and the sterilized material is naturally cooled, dried in the air and crushed, and then enters a stirrer to be uniformly stirred to obtain the organic mixed filling component.
The preparation method of the seedling-type rice mechanical transplanting strong seedling substrate comprises the following steps: and in 11 months and 2 days, adding a proper amount of water into the organic mixed filling components according to the weight ratio of N-P205-K20, the trace element fertilizer, the seedling strengthening agent, the super absorbent resin and the pesticide of 100:4.0:1.0:0.5:1.0:0.5, uniformly stirring while adding to ensure that the humidity of the obtained matrix is moist, and then adding 4.7g of microbial agent into each kilogram of the mixture to obtain the silk seedling type rice machine-transplanted strong seedling matrix. The microbial agent comprises 1-5 g of bacillus subtilis, 1-5 g of bacillus thuringiensis, 1-5 g of bacillus licheniformis or 1-5 g of bacillus laterosporus, or more than two strains which are uniformly mixed.
Example 3: a method for preparing a silk seedling type rice mechanical transplanting strong seedling substrate,
the volume ratio of the corn, the rice straw or the rice husk to the livestock manure is 1:3:0.1, drying and crushing raw materials such as corn, rice straw or chaff, screening the raw materials by a screen with the size of 5 multiplied by 5mm, mixing the raw materials with EM microbial inoculum (mixed with strains such as lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes) and livestock manure, uniformly stirring the mixture, and stacking the mixture on a cement field with a rain shielding facility, wherein the stacking specification is 2 meters wide and 1.5 meters high; during stacking, water is sprayed until the water content in the straws is 45% -55% so as to ensure the growth and propagation of the rotten fungi; and (3) composting, mixing and fermenting for 25-30 days to complete the decomposition process, and then drying in the sun or air, crushing and uniformly mixing to obtain the organic mixed filling component required by the strong seedling culture substrate.
The preparation method of the seedling-type rice mechanical transplanting strong seedling substrate comprises the following steps: and for 11 months and 2 days, the raw material components are calculated according to the weight parts, N-P205-K20, the trace element fertilizer, the amino acid fertilizer, the seedling strengthening agent, the super absorbent resin and the pesticide are fully mixed and filled according to the weight proportion of 100:3.0:2.0:0.5:1.0:0.5, a proper amount of water is added and stirred uniformly, the obtained matrix is moistened when being added, and 14g of microbial agent is added to each kilogram of the mixture, so that the silk seedling type rice machine-transplanted strong seedling matrix is obtained. The microbial agent comprises more than two strains of 1-15 g of bacillus subtilis, 1-15 g of bacillus thuringiensis, 1-15 g of bacillus licheniformis or 1-15 g of bacillus laterosporus which are uniformly mixed.
Comparative example 1: soil-raised rice seedling contrast test for ordinary rice
A rice soil seedling raising contrast test is carried out in 11 months in 2018 at southern China agricultural university.
TABLE 2 comparison of the quality of ivory seedlings cultivated with different seedling raising media
Measurement items Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative example 1
Plant height (cm) 8.8* 8.5* 8.8* 11.1
Fresh weight of aerial parts (g) 0.7012** 0.6205** 0.6807* 0.5775
Fresh weight of underground part (g) 0.6647* 0.6255* 0.6221* 0.6027
Root system Dry weight (g) 0.0940* 0.0932* 0.0936* 0.0909
Aerial parts dry weight (g) 0.1068 0.1157 0.1075 0.1089
Root-crown ratio 0.8801* 0.8955* 0.8707* 0.8531
Miao height Dry weight (mg/cm) 12.159* 13.568* 12.283* 9.850
Note: the root-crown ratio (dry root weight (g)/dry aerial part weight (g)) represents a significant difference from comparative example 1.
TABLE 3 comparison of the content of Jade oil in the seedling with different seedling raising media
Figure BDA0002005010130000061
Figure BDA0002005010130000071
Note: the root-crown ratio (dry root weight (g)/dry aerial part weight (g)) represents a significant difference from comparative example 1.
As can be seen from the comparison of the seedling qualities of the example 1, the example 2, the example 3 and the comparative example 1 in tables 2 and 3, compared with the seedling raising using rice soil, the seedling-type rice mechanical transplanting strong seedling substrate of the present invention can satisfy the nutrients required for seedling raising of the seedling-type rice, the seedling stem is strong, the root system is developed, and the high-quality seedling-type rice seedling can be cultured, thereby being beneficial to the large-scale production of the seedling-type rice mechanical transplanting.
As can be seen from the comparison of the seedling qualities of example 1 and example 2, in the present invention, the ratio of the organic hybrid filling ingredient to 100 parts by weight is preferably 1:3:0.1 part of corn straw, rice straw or rice husk and decomposed livestock manure are uniformly mixed to prepare an organic mixed filling component, the content of N-P205-K20 is 3 parts by weight, the content of trace elements is 2 parts by weight, and the content of a microbial agent is 1.5 parts by weight, so that the seedling type rice machine transplanting strong seedling matrix can better provide nutrients required by the growth of seedling type rice, the microbial agent can effectively kill germs, the disease resistance of the seedling type rice is improved, and the disease sources are reduced.
As can be seen from the comparison of the seedling qualities of example 1 and example 3, the preferred organic mixed fill ingredient is prepared by mixing the ingredients in a volume ratio of 1:3:0.1 of corn straw, rice straw or rice husk and decomposed livestock manure are uniformly mixed to prepare an organic mixed filling component, the organic mixed filling component is dried in the sun or in the air and then crushed, the crushed material passes through 5 x 5mm sieve meshes and is then sterilized by steam cooking for 40-60 min or adding water and boiling for 30min, and the sterilized material is naturally cooled, dried in the air and crushed, and then enters a stirrer to be uniformly stirred to obtain the organic mixed filling component. The method has simple operation and no pollution problem.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any extension and modification based on the technical solution of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A machine-transplanted strong seedling matrix for silk seedling type rice is characterized in that: the raw material components of the seedling strengthening agent comprise organic mixed filling components, major elements, trace elements, a seedling strengthening agent, a water-retaining agent, an insecticide and a microbial agent; wherein the raw material components comprise, by weight, 100 parts of organic mixed filling components, 0.5-5 parts of macroelements and 0.5-2 parts of trace elements; seedling strengthening agent 0.5-2 parts, water-retaining agent 1-5 parts, pesticide 0.5-2 parts, microbial agent 0.5-5 parts; the organic mixed filling components comprise crushed corn straws or corncobs, rice straws or rice husks and livestock manure after full decomposition and fermentation, and the volume ratio of the mixture of the corn straws or the corncobs, the rice straws or the rice husks and the livestock manure is 1:2: 0.1-1: 6: 0.5;
wherein the organic hybrid fill composition is obtained by: drying or air drying corn stalks or corncobs, rice stalks or rice husks and livestock manure after full decomposition and fermentation, crushing, passing through a screen mesh, and then steaming for 40-60 min by steam or boiling for 30min by adding water for sterilization; naturally cooling, air drying, pulverizing, and stirring in a stirrer;
the macroelement is N-P2O5-K2O;
The microelements comprise copper, magnesium, zinc, ferrum and boron.
2. The mechanical transplanting strong seedling substrate for silk seedling type rice according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the raw material components comprise, by weight, 100 parts of organic mixed filling components, 3 parts of macroelements and 2 parts of trace elements; seedling strengthening agent 0.5 parts, water-retaining agent 1 part, pesticide 0.5 part, and microbial agent 1.5 parts.
3. The mechanical transplanting strong seedling substrate for silk seedling type rice according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the volume ratio of the mixture of the corn straws or the corn cobs, the rice straws or the rice husks and the livestock manure is 1:3: 0.1.
4. The mechanical transplanting strong seedling substrate for silk seedling type rice according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the water-retaining agent is environment-friendly super absorbent resin.
5. The mechanical transplanting strong seedling substrate for silk seedling type rice according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the active ingredients of the pesticide comprise one or more than two compound pesticide preparations of 62.5 g/l metalaxyl-M fludioxonil suspending agent, 20% thiamethoxam suspending agent, 70% thiamethoxam dispersible powder, 10% flubendiamide suspending agent, 20% cyantraniliprole suspending agent or 15% indoxacarb suspending agent.
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CN106431576A (en) * 2016-10-10 2017-02-22 南京沃优生物肥业有限公司 Rice seedling-raising substrate for rice transplanter and preparation method of rice seedling-raising substrate
CN106995332A (en) * 2016-01-25 2017-08-01 北京中农赛世农业科技有限公司 Rice nursery substrate and rice nursery substrate plate and preparation method thereof

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CN106995332A (en) * 2016-01-25 2017-08-01 北京中农赛世农业科技有限公司 Rice nursery substrate and rice nursery substrate plate and preparation method thereof
CN106431576A (en) * 2016-10-10 2017-02-22 南京沃优生物肥业有限公司 Rice seedling-raising substrate for rice transplanter and preparation method of rice seedling-raising substrate

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