CN115067158B - Cultivation method of blumea balsamifera - Google Patents
Cultivation method of blumea balsamifera Download PDFInfo
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- 240000000572 Blumea balsamifera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 potassium sulfate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000223260 Trichoderma harzianum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 37
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N (+)-borneol Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 5
- REPVLJRCJUVQFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (-)-isopinocampheol Natural products C1C(O)C(C)C2C(C)(C)C1C2 REPVLJRCJUVQFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CKDOCTFBFTVPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N borneol Natural products C1CC2(C)C(C)CC1C2(C)C CKDOCTFBFTVPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940116229 borneol Drugs 0.000 description 5
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-isoborneol Natural products C1CC2(C)C(O)CC1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001466042 Fulgoromorpha Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000499912 Trichoderma reesei Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-QXFUBDJGSA-N (-)-borneol Chemical compound C1C[C@]2(C)[C@H](O)C[C@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-QXFUBDJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006703 (-)-borneol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000208838 Asteraceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001252601 Blumea Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036592 analgesia Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a blumea balsamifera cultivation method, which comprises the steps of sowing blumea balsamifera seeds subjected to germination accelerating treatment on a seedbed, and filling the blumea balsamifera seeds into a nutrition cup containing a seedling raising matrix when the height of seedlings is 10 cm-15 cm; when the plant height is 50 cm-80 cm and the stem thickness is 0.4 cm-0.6 cm, transplanting is carried out on a cloudy day; setting the plant at 40 cm-60 cm, and when buds grow to 10 cm-15 cm after setting, selecting 2-4 thick and natural open branches as main branches for cultivation; picking the core when the lateral branches on the main branch grow to 15 cm-20 cm; and performing moisture management, fertilizer management and pest management. The blumea balsamifera cultivation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the plant stems and leaves grow vigorously, the yield of branches and leaves per mu is increased by more than 40%, the harvest can be carried out for 2-3 times each year from the 2 nd year, the contradiction between the yield and the tree age can be balanced, and the stable yield is realized while the high yield is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material planting, and particularly relates to a blumea balsamifera cultivation method.
Background
Blumea balsamifera is perennial herb or sub-shrub plant of blumea genus of Compositae, leaf and branch can be used for preparing blumea balsamifera powder, and the effective component is mainly L-borneol, and is one of the raw materials extracted from traditional Chinese medicine natural borneol. Blumea balsamifera is an important characteristic drug, has the effects of detumescence and analgesia, warming the middle-jiao and activating blood, dispelling wind and removing dampness, bacteriostasis, disinsection and the like, is widely used in industries such as medicines, cosmetics and the like, and is a product supply and demand of taking natural borneol as a raw material in the market along with the development of the medicine industry, wherein the Chinese patent medicines such as 'Guanzhu tablet', 'Fuxuekang granule' and the like are prepared from borneol extracted from blumea balsamifera.
The blumea balsamifera seedling is bred in a asexual propagation mode in production, one is to directly dig seedlings sprouting around the roots of old plants for planting, the other is to utilize the underground roots of blumea balsamifera mother plants for cutting seedling, and transplant the blumea balsamifera seedlings to planting places after rooting, but the survival rate of the blumea balsamifera seedling is not high in the mode, and in addition, the two propagation modes have the problems of small propagation base number, limited seedling sources and uneven seedling quality, and meanwhile, certain damage is caused to the mother plants when propagation materials are obtained. The artificial blumea balsamifera cultivation is performed in Guizhou province, the planting area is the largest, but the blumea balsamifera is scattered in planting, and unified planting and management cannot be implemented. The current artificial cultivation process of each production area comprises the steps of seedling raising by plants or seedling collection, transplanting and rough field management, and the blumea balsamifera planting is free to grow on the premise of limited nutrition supply after the 3-year yield reaches the peak period due to no scientific cultivation management technical guidance, the plants are excessively consumed on the premise of limited nutrition supply, the plants cannot be timely topdressed, the aging of the trees is caused, the germination capacity is reduced, the yield is reduced year by year, the plants need to be replaced for re-planting after 5-6 years of planting, and the development of blumea balsamifera industry is severely restricted.
Therefore, the method for searching for the stable and high-yield cultivation of blumea balsamifera is very significant.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method of blumea balsamifera, by which stable and high-yield planting of blumea balsamifera can be realized.
The specific technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention comprises the following steps:
a cultivation method of blumea balsamifera, comprising the following steps:
(1) Sowing the blumea balsamifera seeds subjected to germination accelerating treatment on a seedbed according to the density of 50 kg/mu to 65 kg/mu, building a small arch shed, and covering a sunshade net;
(2) After the seedlings are aligned, removing the sunshade net, when the heights of the seedlings are 10 cm-15 cm, placing the sunshade net into a nutrition cup containing seedling substrates, placing the nutrition cup into a seedbed with a mulching film on the bottom layer, and erecting the sunshade net; the seedling substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-10 parts of humus soil, 3-6 parts of garden soil, 0.5-1.5 parts of perlite and 1-3 parts of Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer;
(3) When the plant height is 50 cm-80 cm and the stem thickness is 0.4 cm-0.6 cm, transplanting in the shade; the transplanting includes: tearing the nutrition cup, placing the nutrition cup in a planting hole in which a Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer is placed, righting the main rod of the blumea balsamifera plant, backfilling soil, compacting, and watering the root fixing water thoroughly;
(4) Drying the plant 40 cm-60 cm, and when buds grow to 10 cm-15 cm after drying, selecting 2-4 strong branches with natural opening shape as main branches for cultivation; picking the core when the lateral branches on the main branch grow to 15 cm-20 cm;
(5) And performing moisture management, fertilizer management and pest management.
In some of these embodiments, the germination accelerating treatment in step (1) comprises the steps of: soaking blumea balsamifera seeds in a gibberellin aqueous solution with the temperature of 38-42 ℃ and the concentration of 800-1200 mg/L for 4-12 h, and then placing the blumea balsamifera seeds in a constant-temperature moisturizing and germination accelerating mode at the temperature of 23-28 ℃ for 48-60 h, and turning up and down for 1 time every 3-4 h.
In some embodiments, the seedling substrate in step (2) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-9 parts of humus soil, 5-6 parts of garden soil, 0.5-0.8 part of perlite and 1-2 parts of Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer.
In some embodiments, in the step (4), drying is performed at 45 cm-55 cm, and 2-3 branches are selected as main branches for cultivation.
In some embodiments, the density in step (1) is 55 kg/mu to 60 kg/mu.
In some embodiments, in the step (2), after the seedling is completed, the method further comprises the steps of spraying the monopotassium phosphate solution 1-2 times per week and topdressing 1 time per month, wherein the mass concentration of the monopotassium phosphate solution is 0.2-0.3 wt%; the additional fertilizer is as follows: 4 kg-6 kg urea and per mu of urea are applied 8 kg-12 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, N: p: k=14 to 16: 14-16: 14-16.
In some embodiments, in the step (1), 450-550 kg of Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer, 45-55 kg of calcium superphosphate, 25-35 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 15-25 kg of urea and 0.5-1.5 kg of trichoderma harzianum microbial inoculum are applied to each mu of seedbed.
In some embodiments, a base fertilizer comprising 480 kg-520 kg of Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer, 48 kg-52 kg of calcium superphosphate, 28 kg-32 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 18 kg-22 kg of urea and 0.8 kg-1.2 kg of trichoderma harzianum microbial inoculum is applied to each mu of seedbed.
In some of these embodiments, the fertilizer management in step (5) comprises: 4, 6 and 9 months of each year are combined with intertillage weeding additional fertilizer, and 12 months of each year are adopted to bury winter fertilizer by adopting a circular ditch mode; the additional fertilizer is as follows: each mu of the fertilizer is applied with 5 kg-10 kg of 40% -42% urea, 8 kg-12 kg of a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and N: p: k=14 to 16: 14-16: 14-16; the winter fertilizer applied to each plant comprises the following raw materials by weight: 2 kg-4 kg of Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer, 45-55 g of calcium superphosphate and 55-65 g of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer.
In some embodiments, the length, width and depth of the planting holes in the step (3) are (20+/-1) cm× (15+/-1) cm, and 0.2 kg-0.5 kg of Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer is put into each planting hole; and/or the sunshade net in the step (1) comprises two layers, wherein the first layer is covered on the seedbed, the sunshade rate is 45% -55%, the second layer is built above the small arch shed, and the sunshade rate is 65% -75%; and/or the sunshade net in the step (2) is erected at a position with the height of 1.5-2.5 m, and the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is 65% -75%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
In the invention, based on the experiences of blumea balsamifera cultivation for many years, the inventor finds a blumea balsamifera cultivation method with high and stable yield, the germination accelerating treatment is carried out on blumea balsamifera seeds (the germination rate of the seeds reaches more than 30 percent), then the sowing density is reasonably controlled (the cultivation of strong seedlings is facilitated), a seedling raising matrix suitable for blumea balsamifera growth is scientifically prepared, a reasonable fertilization procedure and a scientific pruning mode are combined (good tree vigor is cultivated, the harvesting cost is reduced), under the combined action of the key steps, the stems and leaves of blumea balsamifera plants grow vigorously, the yield is improved, the yield of branches and leaves is improved by more than 40 percent, the harvest can be carried out for more than 2-3 times per year from the year of 2 mu, the contradiction between the yield and the tree age can be balanced, and the stable yield is realized while the high yield is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing blumea balsamifera seedlings transplanted from a seedling raising place to a nutrition cup in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of blumea balsamifera seedlings to be transplanted to planting holes in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the growth of blumea balsamifera plants by the cultivation method of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described more fully hereinafter in order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention. This invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Unless otherwise indicated, the experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention were conventional methods of botanic, microbiology and plant pathology, and the various reagent consumables used in the examples were all commercially available products.
The invention provides a high-efficiency blumea balsamifera cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Optionally, a
Selecting land blocks which are leeward and sunny, have good irrigation and drainage and are rich in organic matters in soil as seedling lands;
(2) Soil preparation
Applying base fertilizer in advance, turning into soil, and covering the film for more than 2 weeks. Ditching and ridging before sowing, wherein the ditch width is 30cm, and the ditch depth is 30cm, and raking the seedbed;
the base fertilizer application amount per mu comprises: 450-550 kg (preferably 480-520 kg) of Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer (commercially available, guizhou Zhengyuan Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer), 45-55 kg (preferably 48-52 kg) of calcium superphosphate, 25-35 kg (preferably 28-32 kg) of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 15-25 kg (preferably 18-22 kg) of urea and 0.5-1.5 kg (preferably 0.8-1.2 kg) of trichoderma reesei microbial inoculum.
(3) Seed treatment
Soaking blumea balsamifera seeds in GA 3 solution at 38-42 ℃ and 800-1200 mg/L for 4-12 h, and then placing the blumea balsamifera seeds in a constant temperature cabinet at 23-28 ℃ for moisturizing and accelerating germination for 48-60 h, and turning up and down for 1 time every 3-4 h. The preparation method of the GA 3 solution comprises the following steps: weighing 800 mg-1200 mg of GA 3 powder, dissolving with 1 ml-2 ml of 1M sodium hydroxide, and fixing the volume to 1000ml by using a constant volume bottle. After blumea balsamifera seeds are soaked in GA3 solution, the temperature is kept, moisture is preserved, germination is carried out for 48-60 hours, and the germination rate of the blumea balsamifera seeds is obviously increased.
(4) Sowing and seeding
Sowing 50 kg-65 kg (preferably 55 kg-60 kg) of seeds per mu, uniformly shaking off the clustered seeds on a seedling bed, covering the seeds by 20-mesh fine soil for 2 cm-3 cm, watering 0.1% carbendazim solution with a watering can, covering a layer of 45% -55% (preferably 50%) of sunshade net, putting a small film arch shed with the height of 60cm on the seedling bed, and finally putting a layer of sunshade net with the height of 1.5-2.5 m (preferably 2 m) and the sunshade rate of 65% -75% (preferably 70%).
(5) Seedling management
And when the seedlings germinate by about 5%, removing the sunshade net on the seedling bed. Removing the small arch shed film after seedling is aligned, gradually removing 70% sunshade net, watering at proper time, and periodically pulling out grass.
(6) Topdressing in seedling stage
Spraying 0.2% -0.3% of monopotassium phosphate 1-2 times per week after seedling alignment, and topdressing 1 time per month; the preparation proportion of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.2% -0.3%: 2 g-3 g of monopotassium phosphate and 1000ml of water; the additional fertilizer is as follows: 4 kg-6 kg of 41% urea and 8 kg-12 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (N: P: K=14-16:14-16) are applied per mu.
(7) Cup for holding
When the seedling height is 10 cm-15 cm, the seedling can be filled into a 10cm multiplied by 10cm nutrition cup, and the nutrition cup is filled with seedling raising matrix. The seedling substrate comprises the following raw materials in proportion: 6-10 parts of humus soil (preferably 8-9 parts), 3-6 parts of garden soil (preferably 5 parts), 0.5-1.5 parts of perlite (preferably 1 part), and 1-3 parts of Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer (commercially available, guizhou Zhengyuan Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer) (preferably 1-2 parts). The addition of the commercially available Guizhou Zhengyuan Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer ensures that the blumea balsamifera seedling has high strong seedling index and is beneficial to the cultivation of strong seedlings in the seedling stage.
(8) Seedling ground management
After the cup is filled, the cup seedlings are placed on a seedbed with a white mulching film on the bottom layer, and a sunshade net with the height of 1.5-2.5 m (preferably 2 m) and the sunshade net with the height of 65% -75% (preferably 70%) is erected. Watering for 1 time in the morning and evening in the first 2 weeks after planting, and keeping the humidity of the moist air above 85%.
(9) Transplanting at proper time
When the plant height is 50 cm-80 cm, when the stem is 0.4cm to 0.6cm thick, transplanting in cloudy days. During transplanting, planting holes with length, width and depth of (20+/-1) cm× (15+/-1) cm are opened, 0.2 kg-0.5 kg of Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer (commercially available, guizhou Zhengyuan Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer) is placed in the planting holes, surface soil and organic fertilizer are backfilled for about 5cm, the nutrition cup is torn, soil is backfilled after the main rod is straightened, and the soil at the base of the plant is slightly higher than the ground. And (5) watering thoroughly after field planting.
(10) Pruning
And after transplanting, drying at 40 cm-60 cm, and culturing the short tree shape, so that the branches and leaves can be conveniently harvested. After the fixed stem is dried, when buds grow to 10 cm-15 cm, 2-4 (preferably 2-3) thick branches are selected as main branches for cultivation; and (5) pinching when the lateral branches on the main branches grow to 15 cm-20 cm, so as to promote the lateral branches to germinate.
(11) Management of fields
And (3) weeding by adopting an artificial shallow-tillage weeding mode every 2 months, and watering according to the soil humidity. The intertillage weeding topdressing is combined in 4, 6 and 9 months each year; the winter fertilizer is buried in 12 months each year, and the fertilizer is applied by adopting an annular ditch mode. The additional fertilizer is as follows: 40-42% (preferably 41%) urea 5-10 kg is applied to each mu, and 8-12 kg of a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (N: P: K=14-16: 14-16) is applied. The winter fertilizer applied to each plant comprises the following raw materials by weight: 2 kg-4 kg (preferably 3 kg) of Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer (commercially available, guizhou Zhengyuan Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer), 45 g-55 g (preferably 50 g) of calcium superphosphate and 55 g-65 g (preferably 60 g) of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer.
(12) Pest control
Spraying 10% imidacloprid wettable powder (commercially available, guoguang) on blumea balsamifera plants for 2 times each year for 4 months and 9 months and 1 time every 7 days for preventing and controlling aphids and plant hoppers; 1 part of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder (sold in the market and Guoguang) is added with 750 parts of water, so that the imidacloprid wettable powder can be used for spraying blumea balsamifera plants.
(13) Harvesting
The method is characterized in that the method can be used for harvesting 2-3 times per year after the next year, and branches and leaves at the positions of 20-30 cm of the side branches are cut off completely during harvesting and used as raw materials for extracting the natural borneol.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
Example 1 efficient blumea balsamifera cultivation method
The blumea balsamifera efficient cultivation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) Optionally, a
Selecting land blocks which are leeward and sunny, have good irrigation and drainage and are rich in organic matters in soil as seedling lands;
(2) Soil preparation
Applying base fertilizer in advance, turning into soil, and covering the film for more than 2 weeks. Ditching and ridging before sowing, wherein the ditch width is 30cm, and the ditch depth is 30cm, and raking the seedbed;
applying base fertilizer with the following weight for each mu of land: 500kg of commercial Guizhou Zhengyuan Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer, 50kg of calcium superphosphate, 30kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 20kg of urea and 1kg of trichoderma reesei microbial inoculum of American Bayer Wo Haci.
(3) Seed treatment
Soaking blumea balsamifera seeds in 1000mg/L GA 3 solution at 40deg.C for 6 hr, moistening and accelerating germination in a incubator at 25deg.C for 48 hr, and turning up and down for 1 time every 4 hr. The preparation method of the GA 3 solution comprises the following steps: 1000mg of GA 3 powder is weighed, 1 ml-2 ml of 1M sodium hydroxide is used for dissolution, and a constant volume bottle is used for fixing the volume to 1000ml.
(4) Sowing and seeding
Sowing according to the density of 55 kg per mu, uniformly shaking off the clustered seeds on a seedling bed, covering the seeds by fine soil passing through a 20-mesh sieve for 2 cm-3 cm, pouring 0.1% carbendazim solution by using a watering can, covering a layer of 50% sunshade net, putting a small film arch shed with the height of 60cm on the seedling bed, and finally putting a layer of sunshade net with the height of 2m and the sunshade rate of 70%.
(5) Seedling management
And when the seedlings germinate by about 5%, removing the sunshade net on the seedling bed. And after the seedlings are aligned, removing the small arch shed film, and gradually removing 70% of sunshade net. Watering at proper time and drawing grass at irregular intervals.
(6) Topdressing in seedling stage
Spraying 0.2% monopotassium phosphate 1 time per week after seedling alignment, and topdressing 1 time per month; the preparation proportion of the 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is as follows: 2g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1000ml of water; the additional fertilizer is as follows: 5kg of 41% urea and 10kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (N: P: K=15:15:15) are applied per mu.
(7) Cup for holding
And (5) filling the 10cm multiplied by 10cm nutrition cup (figure 1) when the seedling height is 10 cm-15 cm. The nutrition cup is filled with a seedling substrate, and the seedling substrate comprises the following raw materials in proportion: 8 parts of humus soil, 5 parts of garden soil, 0.5 part of perlite and 1 part of a commercially available Guizhou Zhengyuan Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer.
(8) Seedling ground management
After cup filling, cup seedlings are placed on a seedbed with a white mulching film on the bottom layer, and a sunshade net with the height of 2m and the concentration of 70% is erected. Watering for 1 time in the morning and evening in the first 2 weeks after planting, and keeping the humidity of the moist air above 85%.
(9) Transplanting at proper time
When the plant height is 50 cm-80 cm and the stem thickness is 0.5cm, transplanting seedlings are selected on a cloudy day (figure 2). During transplanting, planting holes with the length, width and depth of 20cm multiplied by 15cm are opened, 0.2 kg-0.5 kg of commercially available Guizhou Zhengyuan Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer is put in, surface soil with the thickness of about 5cm is backfilled, the nutrition cup is torn, soil is backfilled after the main rod is straightened, the soil is compacted, and the soil at the base of the plant is slightly higher than the ground. And (5) watering thoroughly after field planting.
(10) Pruning
And after transplanting, drying at 40 cm-50 cm, and culturing the short tree shape, so that the branches and leaves can be conveniently harvested. After the stem is fixed, when buds grow to about 10 cm-15 cm, 2-3 branches which are thick and natural open are selected as main branches for cultivation; and (5) pinching when the lateral branches on the main branches grow to 15 cm-20 cm, so as to promote the lateral branches to germinate.
(11) Management of fields
And (3) weeding by adopting an artificial shallow-tillage weeding mode every 2 months, and watering according to the soil humidity. The intertillage weeding topdressing is combined in 4,6 and 9 months each year; the winter fertilizer is buried in 12 months each year, and the fertilizer is applied by adopting an annular ditch mode. The additional fertilizer is as follows: 10kg of 41% urea and 10kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (N: P: K=15:15:15) are applied per mu. The winter fertilizer applied to each plant comprises the following raw materials by weight: 3kg of commercial Guizhou Zhengyuan Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer, 50g of calcium superphosphate and 60g of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer.
(12) Pest control
Spraying 10% of commercial imidacloprid wettable powder on blumea balsamifera plants for 2 times every 4 months and 9 months and 1 time every 7 days for preventing and controlling aphids and plant hoppers; 1 part of 10% of commercial imidacloprid wettable powder is added with 750 parts of water, so that the imidacloprid wettable powder can be used for spraying blumea balsamifera plants.
(13) Harvesting
By adopting the method of the embodiment, the growth condition of blumea balsamifera plants is shown in figure 3. Harvesting for 2-3 times each year from the next year, and cutting off all branches and leaves at the position of 20-30 cm of the side branches during harvesting, wherein the branches and leaves are used as raw materials for extracting natural borneol.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 in that in step (3), the mixture was placed in a incubator at 25℃for 60 hours to promote moisture and germination. Other procedure was as in example 1.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that in step (4), seeds are sown at a density of 60kg per mu. Other procedure was as in example 1.
Example 4
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that, in the step (7), the seedling substrate includes the following raw materials in proportion: 9 parts of humus soil, 6 parts of garden soil, 0.8 part of perlite and 2 parts of commercially available Guizhou Zhengyuan Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer. Other operation steps were the same as in example 1.
Example 5
The difference between this example and example 1 is that in step (10), the transplanting is followed by drying at 50cm to 60 cm. Other operation steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is different from example 1 in that in step (3), the mixture was placed in an incubator at 25℃for 36 hours to promote moisture and germination. Other operation steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example is different from example 1 in that in step (3), the mixture was placed in an incubator at 25℃for 72 hours to promote moisture and germination. Other operation steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example is different from example 1 in that in step (3), after soaking in 1000mg/L of GA 3 solution at 40℃for 6 hours, there is no operation of maintaining moisture at constant temperature to accelerate germination. Other operation steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example is different from example 1 in that in step (4), seeding is performed at a density of 40kg per mu. Other operation steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 5
The comparative example is different from example 1 in that in step (4), seeds are sown at a density of 70kg per mu. Other operation steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 6
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that in step (7), the seedling substrate comprises the following raw materials in proportion: 8 parts of humus soil, 5 parts of garden soil, 0.5 part of perlite and 1 part of common bio-organic fertilizer (organic fertilizer of Youlifeng brand in spring and record fertilizer industry in Heshan city) in the market. Other operation steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 7
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that in step (7), the seedling substrate comprises the following raw materials in proportion: 8 parts of humus soil, 5 parts of garden soil and 0.5 part of perlite. Other operation steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 8
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that in the step (7), the seedling substrate is a commercially available conventional seedling substrate (Xianghui agricultural technologies limited company), that is, a vegetable seedling substrate, and the ingredients include turf, perlite, coconut husk, vermiculite, and the like. Other operation steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 9
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that in the step (10), the transplanting is finished at 20 cm-30 cm. Other operation steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 10
The present comparative example is different from example 1 in that in step (10), no trimming is performed after transplanting. Other operation steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 11
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that in step (10), the short branches are trimmed in a conventional trimming manner after transplanting. Other operation steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 12
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that the planting and field management (seedling collection, transplanting, weeding, topdressing, pest control) were carried out in accordance with the current conventional manual planting method.
The results of the emergence rate, the strong seedling index and the average fresh weight of the individual plants of the examples and the comparative examples are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 plant results using the cultivation methods of examples and comparative examples
As shown in the results of the table 1, in the invention, blumea balsamifera seeds are soaked in GA 3 solution with the concentration of 800-1200 mg/L and the temperature of 38-42 ℃ and then are moisturized and germinated in a constant temperature box for 48-60 hours, so that the germination rate of the blumea balsamifera seeds can be promoted and the germination rate can be remarkably improved; by controlling the sowing density of blumea balsamifera seeds, the seedling raising matrix is optimized (8-9 parts of humus soil, 5-6 parts of garden soil, 0.5-0.8 part of perlite and 1-2 parts of commercially available Guizhou Zhengyuan Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer), the cultivated cup seedling has high seedling strengthening index, and is beneficial to cultivating strong seedlings in the seedling stage; and after transplanting, drying at 40 cm-60 cm, pruning and culturing the tree, controlling growth vigor, reducing unnecessary consumption and being beneficial to blumea balsamifera yield increase. Under the integral action of all the steps, the stems and leaves of blumea balsamifera plants grow vigorously, the yield is improved, the yield of branches and leaves per mu is improved by more than 40%, and the blumea balsamifera plants can be harvested for 2-3 times every year from the 2 nd year.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment 1 has the advantages that after the blumea balsamifera seeds are soaked, the constant-temperature moisturizing and germination accelerating time is insufficient, so that the germination of the blumea balsamifera seeds cannot be better promoted, and the germination rate is obviously lower than that of the embodiment 1.
Compared with the example 1, the comparative example 2 shows that after the blumea balsamifera seeds are soaked, the constant-temperature moisturizing and germination accelerating time is too long, the germination of the blumea balsamifera seeds is inhibited, and the germination rate is obviously lower than that of the example 1.
Comparative example 3 compared with example 1, blumea balsamifera seeds were not subjected to constant temperature moisturizing germination accelerating treatment after being soaked, and the germination rate was significantly lower than that of example 1, and also lower than that of comparative examples 1 and 2 subjected to constant temperature moisturizing germination accelerating treatment.
Comparative example 4 blumea balsamifera seeds were sown at a density of 40 kg per mu, compared with example 1, and although the strong seedling index of seedlings was high, the seedling density was low, and the land was wasted easily in production.
Comparative example 5 compared with example 1, the blumea balsamifera seeds were excessively large in sowing density and small in plant growth space, resulting in low strong seedling index of seedlings, which is unfavorable for cultivation of strong seedlings.
Comparative example 6 the seedling substrate of blumea balsamifera seedlings was unsuitable for growth and showed a phenomenon of low seedling strengthening index compared with example 1.
Comparative example 7 compared with example 1, the seedling raising matrix of blumea balsamifera seedlings is not added with the commercial Guizhou Zhengyuan Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer, and the seedling strengthening index is obviously reduced compared with example 1, so that the commercial Guizhou Zhengyuan Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer added into the seedling raising matrix is very important for improving the seedling strengthening index.
Comparative example 8 compared with example 1, the seedling substrate of blumea balsamifera seedlings is commercial vegetable seedling substrate, the fertility of blumea balsamifera seedlings in the growth period is obviously insufficient, and the strong seedling index is obviously reduced.
Comparative example 9 has too low a fixed dry height after blumea balsamifera transplanting, and poor ability to promote the branching of blumea balsamifera leaves, resulting in low yield, compared with example 1.
Comparative examples 10 and 12, compared with example 1, were not trimmed or planted widely in a conventional manner after blumea balsamifera was transplanted, and were excessively consumed in the growth period, and the ability of branching long leaves was poor, resulting in low yield.
Comparative example 11 compared with example 1, blumea balsamifera was trimmed in a conventional manner after transplanting, the top grew vigorously, the branches were few, and the yield was low.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The blumea balsamifera cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Sowing the blumea balsamifera seeds subjected to germination accelerating treatment on a seedbed according to the density of 50 kg/mu to 65 kg/mu, building a small arch shed, and covering a sunshade net;
(2) After the seedlings are aligned, removing the sunshade net, when the heights of the seedlings are 10 cm-15 cm, placing the sunshade net into a nutrition cup containing seedling substrates, placing the nutrition cup into a seedbed with a mulching film on the bottom layer, and erecting the sunshade net; the seedling substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-10 parts of humus soil, 3-6 parts of garden soil, 0.5-1.5 parts of perlite and 1-3 parts of Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer;
(3) When the plant height is 50 cm-80 cm and the stem thickness is 0.4 cm-0.6 cm, transplanting in the shade; the transplanting includes: tearing the nutrition cup, placing the nutrition cup in a planting hole in which a Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer is placed, righting the main rod of the blumea balsamifera plant, backfilling soil, compacting, and watering the root fixing water thoroughly;
(4) Drying the plant 40 cm-60 cm, and when buds grow to 10 cm-15 cm after drying, selecting 2-4 strong branches with natural opening shape as main branches for cultivation; picking the core when the lateral branches on the main branch grow to 15 cm-20 cm;
(5) Performing moisture management, fertilizer management and pest management;
the germination accelerating treatment in the step (1) comprises the following steps: soaking blumea balsamifera seeds in a gibberellin aqueous solution with the temperature of 38-42 ℃ and the concentration of 800-1200 mg/L for 4-12 hours, and then placing the blumea balsamifera seeds in a constant-temperature moisturizing and germination accelerating mode at the temperature of 23-28 ℃ for 48-60 hours, and turning up and down for 1 time every 3-4 hours;
in the step (1), 450-550 kg of Chinese herbal medicine raw materials of organic fertilizer, 45-55 kg of calcium superphosphate, 25-35 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 15-25 kg of urea and 0.5-1.5 kg of trichoderma harzianum microbial inoculum are applied to each mu of seedbed;
The fertilizer management in step (5) comprises: 4, 6 and 9 months of each year are combined with intertillage weeding additional fertilizer, and 12 months of each year are adopted to bury winter fertilizer by adopting a circular ditch mode; the additional fertilizer is as follows: each mu of the fertilizer is applied with 5 kg-10 kg of 40% -42% urea, 8 kg-12 kg of a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and N: p: k=14 to 16: 14-16: 14-16; the winter fertilizer applied to each plant comprises the following raw materials by weight: 2 kg-4 kg of Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer, 45 g-55 g of calcium superphosphate, 55 g-65 g of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer;
In the step (3), the length, width and depth of the planting holes are (20+/-1) cm (15+/-1) cm, and 0.2 kg-0.5 kg of Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer is put into each planting hole; the sunshade net in the step (1) comprises two layers, wherein the first layer is covered on a seedbed, the sunshade rate is 45% -55%, the second layer is built above the small arch shed, and the sunshade rate is 65% -75%; in the step (2), the sunshade net is erected at a position with the height of 1.5-2.5 m, and the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is 65% -75%.
2. The blumea balsamifera cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the seedling raising substrate in the step (2) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-9 parts of humus soil, 5-6 parts of garden soil, 0.5-0.8 part of perlite and 1-2 parts of Chinese herbal medicine raw material organic fertilizer.
3. The method for cultivating blumea balsamifera according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), 2 to 3 branches are selected as main branches for cultivation, and the branches are fixed at 45cm to 55 cm.
4. The blumea balsamifera cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the density in the step (1) is 55 kg/mu to 60 kg/mu.
5. The blumea balsamifera cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by further comprising the steps of spraying a monopotassium phosphate solution 1 to 2 times per week and topdressing 1 time per month after the seedling alignment in the step (2), wherein the mass concentration of the monopotassium phosphate solution is 0.2 to 0.3wt%; the additional fertilizer is as follows: 4 kg-6 kg urea and per mu of urea are applied 8 kg-12 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, N: p: k=14 to 16: 14-16: 14-16.
6. The blumea balsamifera cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein base fertilizers comprising 480 kg-520 kg of Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, 48 kg-52 kg of calcium superphosphate, 28 kg-32 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 18 kg-22 kg of urea and 0.8 kg-1.2 kg of trichoderma harzianum microbial inoculum are applied to each mu of seedbed.
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