CN115067136A

CN115067136A - Expressway tree transplanting and maintaining method

Info

Publication number: CN115067136A
Application number: CN202210707161.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林孝诚; 江志文; 肖石连; 黄颖; 谭珠珠
Original assignee: Guangzhou Jiaotou Greening Construction Co ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Jiaotou Greening Construction Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-06-21
Filing date: 2022-06-21
Publication date: 2022-09-20
Anticipated expiration: 2042-06-21
Also published as: CN115067136B

Abstract

The application relates to a method for transplanting and maintaining trees on a highway, which comprises the following steps: step 1, cleaning, leveling a planting field, changing planting soil, applying a base fertilizer, paying off at fixed points and digging holes; step 2, selecting and lifting seedlings, and determining the size of soil balls; spraying the root protective agent on the soil ball, and wrapping the soil ball with straws in time after spraying; properly pruning the saplings; step 3, spraying a root growth regulator on the soil ball before field planting, and irrigating the planting holes on the same day after field planting to ensure that the water content of the soil is 35-45%; step 4, building a shading shed after field planting, arranging a spraying device in the shading shed, spraying for 20-30 days every day; irrigating three days, ten days, twenty days, one month and half a year after permanent planting, wherein the irrigation uses a mixed solution prepared by mixing a root protective agent, a root growth regulator and water, and the water content of the soil is kept at 30-35% by each irrigation. This application can promote the survival rate of transplanting trees in summer.

Description

Expressway tree transplanting and maintaining method

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of green belt tree transplanting and maintaining, in particular to a highway tree transplanting and maintaining method.

Background

The maintenance of the trees on the expressway is always the key work of the greening management of the expressway, and the trees on the expressway play an important role in protecting the green land landscape effect of the expressway, exerting the ecological efficiency and guaranteeing the driving safety. Arbor transplantation is gradually and widely adopted due to the characteristics that the arbor transplantation has strong adaptability, the tree body is tall and upright, good landscape effect can be built after the arbor transplantation is planted, and the like.

In the process of planting the arbor seedlings on the expressway at the present stage, in order to match with the requirements of engineering construction, the arbor seedlings are mostly planted in summer. The temperature in summer is relatively high, the water evaporation speed is high, the balance of transpiration on the overground part of the tree and water absorption of an underground root system is easily influenced and cannot be maintained, the survival efficiency of the saplings can be influenced, and the growth of the arbor is inhibited.

In view of the above problems, the inventor considers that the survival rate of the trees transplanted in summer is low, and needs to provide a specific tree transplanting and maintaining method.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to improve the survival rate of trees transplanted in summer, the application provides a method for transplanting and maintaining trees on a highway.

The method for transplanting and maintaining the trees on the expressway provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for transplanting and maintaining trees on a highway comprises the following steps:

step 1, early preparation:

cleaning and leveling a planting field; changing planting soil and applying base fertilizer; paying off at fixed points; digging holes: the size of the planting hole is 1.0m multiplied by 0.8m (bottom surface diameter multiplied by hole height); after the planting holes are dug, 5-7cm of loam is backfilled in the holes;

step 2, pretreatment before transplantation;

selecting seedlings; when seedlings are lifted, determining the diameter of the soil digging ball by 12-15 times of the breast diameter of the seedlings, wherein the depth of the soil ball is 70% of the diameter of the soil ball; after seedling lifting, carrying out primary treatment on roots: spraying 50-70g of the root protective agent on the soil ball, wherein the root protective agent is mainly sprayed at the cut of the fresh root, and the soil ball is wrapped by straws in time after the spraying is finished; properly pruning the saplings before loading;

the root protective agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 5-7% wt of indolebutyric acid; 3-5% of amino acid, 0.5-0.7% of zinc sulfate, 2-4% of welan gum, 1-2% of pine bark extract, 0.2-0.4% of tea polyphenol and the balance of water;

step 3, transplanting and planting:

the nursery stock sprayed with the root protective agent is transported to a planting field for planting and then is subjected to secondary treatment of roots: spraying 100-120g of root growth regulator on the soil ball, and completing the timely planting after the spraying; irrigating the planting holes on the same day after planting to ensure that the water content of the soil is 35-45%;

the root growth regulator consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 5-7% wt of growth hormone; 1-3 wt% of composite probiotic powder, 1-3 wt% of potassium phosphite, 0.5-0.7 wt% of sodium sesquicarbonate, 1-3 wt% of nettle extract and the balance of water;

step 4, maintenance treatment: building a shading shed after the tree planting, and shading the tree; arranging a spraying device in the shade shed, spraying trees for 1 time every day for 20-30 days, and dismantling the shade shed and the spraying device; irrigating for many times after planting for three days, ten days, twenty days, one month and half a year respectively, wherein except for the first irrigation on the planting day, the mixed solution is used for each irrigation, and the water content of the soil is kept at 30-35% for each irrigation; wherein the mixed solution is prepared by mixing a root protective agent, a root growth regulator and water according to the mass ratio of 0.8:1: 3.

By adopting the technical scheme, the planting soil is filled and treated by applying the base fertilizer to the planting land, and the planting soil uniformly mixed with the base fertilizer provides a good soil environment foundation for arbor transplantation; the proper soil ball size is determined according to the diameter of the stem of the seedling, the seedling root is not easy to be damaged in the soil ball range, a part of soil which is adapted to the primary growth characteristic is reserved, the water loss of the seedling root in the transplanting process is reduced, and the seedling transplanting method is favorable for restoring the growth;

the method carries out twice treatment on the root system of the soil ball at the root of the seedling, the first time is to spray a root protective agent on the soil ball after the seedling is lifted, and indolebutyric acid and amino acid in the root protective agent can provide nutrition and energy required by root growth and maintain the growth activity of the root system of the soil ball; the zinc sulfate, the welan gum, the pine bark extract and the tea polyphenol have synergistic effect, so that a water-rich protective film can be formed at a root cut, the loss of root water in the process of transporting the nursery stock is greatly reduced, the preservative and the antioxidant effects are realized, the protective film is also favorable for maintaining the cell activity at the root cut, and the rooting of the nursery stock is promoted under the combined action of indolebutyric acid and amino acid; the second time, the root growth regulator is sprayed on the soil ball root system before field planting, the root growth regulator contains growth hormone, composite probiotic powder, potassium phosphite and the like, the growth state of the transported nursery stock can be timely regulated, the growth vigor of the nursery stock root is improved, the absorption of the root system to soil moisture and nutrient substances is promoted, and rooting and sprouting are promoted; the cooperation of the root protective agent and the root growth regulator is used in the application, so that the growth activity of the nursery stock in the transportation process is maintained, the water dispersion and cell inactivation in the nursery stock transportation process are reduced, the nursery stock can adapt to a new planting environment quickly, the survival rate of the nursery stock transplanted in summer is improved, the disease resistance of the nursery stock is improved through the cooperative work of the root protective agent and the root growth regulator, and the growth stability of the transplanted tree is further improved.

The mixed solution prepared by mixing the root protective agent, the root growth regulator and water is sprayed for multiple times in later-stage maintenance, the protective agent and the growth regulator in the mixed solution are matched for use to realize water supplement on the root of the seedling, the formation of a granular structure can be promoted in the soil for planting, the soil fertility and water retention capacity is improved, and the soil porosity is increased; the shading shed is built after the seedlings are transplanted, and the spraying device is arranged in the shed, so that the ground moisture retention, the ground transpiration and the underground water absorption of the seedlings are kept in a certain balance, the influence of high-temperature transplantation in summer on the seedlings is reduced, and the survival rate of the trees transplanted on the highway in summer is improved.

Preferably, the growth hormone in the root growth regulator of step 3 comprises two or more of fulvic acid, brassinolide and gibberellin.

By adopting the technical scheme, the fulvic acid can promote the growth of plants, particularly can properly control the opening degree of leaf stomata of crops, reduce transpiration, improve the stress resistance of the plants and improve the quality; meanwhile, the activity of the plant root system can be improved, and various enzyme activities can be improved. Gibberellin can accelerate the growth of cells and promote the division of cells. The brassinolide can promote cell division, induce seedling to take root and sprout, promote the conversion and precipitation of nutrient substances in the seedling body, and further play a good role in promoting growth. The three components are mixed and added into the root growth regulator and can be matched with other components in the root growth regulator, so that the absorption capacity of seedling root system cells is improved, and the root growth regulator has a good growth promoting effect on seedling root systems.

Preferably, the growth hormone is prepared from fulvic acid, brassinolide and gibberellin according to a mass ratio of 1: 3: 0.8 and mixing.

By adopting the technical scheme, the fulvic acid, the brassinolide and the gibberellin are mixed and used in a specific ratio, the fulvic acid, the brassinolide and the gibberellin interact with each other, the effect of the root growth regulator on the growth of seedlings is comprehensively and efficiently improved, the three can be matched with the trisodium bicarbonate after being mixed, the components in the root growth regulator and the components of the root protective agent are promoted to be fused, and the synergistic effect of the components in the root growth regulator and the root protective agent is improved.

Preferably, the composite probiotic powder in the root growth regulator in the step 3 is prepared by mixing bacillus mucilaginosus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and a bacterial powder substrate; wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus mucilaginosus to the photosynthetic bacteria to the lactic acid bacteria is 2.5:1: 0.8.

By adopting the technical scheme, the bacillus mucilaginosus can decompose potassium and silicon in minerals such as feldspar, mica and the like, can also decompose phosphorus in apatite, and secrete plant growth stimulin and various enzymes so as to enhance the resistance of the nursery stock to certain diseases; after the photosynthetic bacteria are applied to the soil, the number of azotobacter, bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes can be effectively increased, and the number of filamentous fungi is greatly reduced, so that the content of effective nitrogen in the soil can be improved, the release of phosphorus and potassium in the soil is ensured, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption of seedling root systems is facilitated, meanwhile, the soil is loosened, the air permeability of the soil is enhanced, and the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil is enhanced; lactic acid bacteria can generate a large amount of ribosomes in the metabolic process, and synthesize a plurality of proteins, polypeptides or polypeptide bodies, and the substances can play good inhibiting and antibacterial effects. The three probiotics are combined and used to generate a synergistic effect, so that beneficial strong bacteria can be formed, the beneficial strong bacteria can be quickly proliferated in soil, the activity of harmful bacteria is inhibited, the antibacterial and insect-proof effects are achieved, and the disease resistance of seedlings is enhanced; can also be matched with other components in the root growth regulator to promote the rooting and sprouting of the nursery stock.

Preferably, the base fertilizer in the step 1 is a compost mushroom fertilizer; fertilizing at 2.0-2.2 kg/plant, ploughing at 20-30cm depth, and mixing the base fertilizer and planting soil.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the stack retting mushroom fertilizer has more lasting soil moisture retention than ordinary base fertilizer, more can satisfy the demand of soil humid environment under the high temperature in summer, and then makes the new environment of planting of adaptation that the nursery stock can be faster, maintains the nursery stock growth vigor.

Preferably, after the planting holes are dug in the step 1, 2-3cm of surface soil, 1-2cm of base fertilizer and 5-7cm of loam are sequentially backfilled in the holes.

By adopting the technical scheme, surface soil, base fertilizer and loam are backfilled in the planting holes in sequence, so that the seedling root system can be better adapted to a new planting soil environment, and the absorption and growth of the seedling root system are promoted.

Preferably, in the step 2, the seedlings are trimmed properly before the cart, the crowns are reserved, and the trimming amount is 40-60%.

By adopting the technical scheme, the pruning quantity is 40-60%, so that the transpiration of the overground leaves of the nursery stock can be reduced, further, the loss of internal water of the nursery stock at high temperature is reduced, and the influence of the high temperature on the growth activity of the nursery stock is relieved.

Preferably, the method for preparing the mixed solution in the step 4 includes the following steps:

s1, preparing a root protectant:

s1-1, adding the pine bark extract, the tea polyphenol and the welan gum into a stirring pot, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed matrix;

s1-2, adding indolebutyric acid, amino acid, zinc sulfate and 400g of water into a stirring pot, and uniformly mixing to obtain a nutrient solution;

s1-3, adding the mixed matrix and the balance of water into the nutrient solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a root protectant;

s2, preparing a root growth regulator:

s2-1, uniformly mixing the bacillus mucilaginosus, the photosynthetic bacteria and the lactic acid bacteria, adding 70g of xylooligosaccharide serving as a bacteria powder substrate, and continuously stirring uniformly to obtain composite probiotic powder;

s2-2, preparing growth hormone;

s2-3, mixing growth hormone, composite probiotic powder, potassium phosphite, trisodium bicarbonate, nettle extract and water, adding into a stirring pot, and stirring uniformly to obtain a root growth regulator;

s3, uniformly mixing the prepared root protective agent, root growth regulator and water according to the mass ratio of 0.8:1:3 to obtain a mixed solution.

By adopting the technical scheme, the mixed solution prepared by mixing the root protective agent, the root growth regulator and the water according to a specific proportion is irrigated into the soil of the planting hole for multiple times, and the mixed solution permeates into the soil, so that the soil performance can be improved, and the water retention performance of the soil can be improved; and the repeated application is helpful for providing long-term nutrition and protection for the root of the nursery stock, thereby improving the growth activity of the nursery stock and ensuring that the nursery stock has good disease capability.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. the seedling root soil ball root system is treated twice, and the synergistic effect of all the components in the root protective agent can provide nutrition and energy required by root growth, maintain the growth activity of the soil ball root system, and form a water-rich protective film at the root cut, so that the loss of root water in the seedling transportation process is greatly reduced; the growth state of the transported nursery stocks can be timely adjusted by the synergistic effect of the components in the root growth regulator, the growth activity of the roots of the nursery stocks is improved, the absorption of the roots to soil moisture and nutrient substances is promoted, and the rooting and sprouting are promoted; the root protective agent and the root growth regulator are matched for use, so that the growth activity of the nursery stock in the transportation process is maintained, the water dispersion and cell inactivation in the nursery stock transportation process are reduced, the nursery stock can quickly adapt to a new planting environment, the survival rate of nursery stock transplanted in summer is improved, the disease resistance of the nursery stock is improved through the cooperative work of the root protective agent and the root growth regulator, and the growth stability of the transplanted tree is further improved;

2. in the later-stage maintenance, mixed liquid prepared by mixing a root protective agent, a root growth regulator and water is sprayed for multiple times, the mixed liquid is matched with the protective agent and the growth regulator to realize long-term nourishing and protection of the root of the seedling, and the formation of a granular structure can be promoted in the soil for planting, so that the fertilizer and water retention capacity of the soil is improved, and the soil looseness is increased;

3. this application is through building shading canopy to the processing of nursery stock root and nursery stock after transplanting to set up spray set in the canopy, the two railway carriage or compartment effect makes the nursery stock transpiration on the ground and absorb water with the underground and maintain certain balance, reduces the influence that high temperature transplanted in summer caused the nursery stock, promotes the survival rate that the arbor was transplanted in highway summer.

Detailed Description

Preparation example

Preparation example 1

The preparation example discloses a root protective agent, which consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass:

5% wt of indolebutyric acid; 3% of amino acid, 0.5% of zinc sulfate, 2% of welan gum, 1% of pine bark extract, 0.2% of tea polyphenol and the balance of water;

the preparation example also discloses a preparation method of the root protective agent, which comprises the following steps:

s1-1, adding 10g of pine bark extract, 2g of tea polyphenol and 20g of welan gum into a stirring pot, and stirring for 10min at normal temperature and at the rotating speed of 200r/min to obtain a mixed matrix;

s1-2, adding 50g of indolebutyric acid, 30g of amino acid, 5g of zinc sulfate and 400g of water into a stirring pot, and stirring for 3min at normal temperature and at the rotating speed of 100r/min to obtain a nutrient solution;

s1-3, adding the mixed matrix and the balance of water into the nutrient solution, and stirring at the normal temperature and the rotation speed of 150r/min for 10min to obtain the root protective agent.

Preparation example 2

The preparation example discloses a preparation method of a root protective agent, which comprises the following specific steps:

s1-1, adding 20g of pine bark extract, 4g of tea polyphenol and 40g of welan gum into a stirring pot, and stirring for 10min at normal temperature and at the rotating speed of 200r/min to obtain a mixed matrix;

s1-2, adding 70g of indolebutyric acid, 50g of amino acid, 7g of zinc sulfate and 400g of water into a stirring pot, and stirring for 3min at normal temperature and at the rotating speed of 100r/min to obtain a nutrient solution;

Preparation example 3

s1-1, adding 15g of pine bark extract, 3g of tea polyphenol and 30g of welan gum into a stirring pot, and stirring for 10min at normal temperature and at the rotating speed of 200r/min to obtain a mixed matrix;

s1-2, adding 60g of indolebutyric acid, 40g of amino acid, 6g of zinc sulfate and 400g of water into a stirring pot, and stirring for 3min at normal temperature and at the rotating speed of 100r/min to obtain a nutrient solution;

Preparation example 4

The preparation example discloses a root growth regulator which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:

5% wt of growth hormone; 1 wt% of composite probiotic powder, 1 wt% of potassium phosphite, 0.5 wt% of sodium sesquicarbonate, 1 wt% of nettle extract and the balance of water.

The preparation example also discloses a preparation method of the root growth regulator, which comprises the following steps:

s2-1, adding 25g of bacillus mucilaginosus, 10g of photosynthetic bacteria and 8g of lactic acid bacteria into a stirrer, stirring for 3min at normal temperature and at the rotating speed of 40r/min, adding 70g of xylooligosaccharide as a bacteria powder substrate, and continuously stirring for 10min to obtain composite probiotic powder;

s2-2, adding 50g of fulvic acid and 50g of brassinolide into a stirring pot, and stirring for 5min at normal temperature and at the rotating speed of 60r/min to obtain growth hormone;

s2-3, mixing 50g of growth hormone, 10g of composite probiotic powder, 10g of potassium phosphite, 5g of trisodium bicarbonate, 10g of nettle extract and 915g of water, adding into a stirring pot, and stirring at normal temperature and the rotation speed of 200r/min for 10min to obtain the root growth regulator.

Preparation example 5

The preparation example discloses a preparation method of a root growth regulator, which comprises the following specific steps:

s2-2, adding 50g of gibberellin and 50g of brassinolide into a stirring pot, and stirring for 5min at normal temperature and at the rotating speed of 60r/min to obtain growth hormone;

s2-3, mixing 70g of growth hormone, 30g of composite probiotic powder, 30g of potassium phosphite, 7g of trisodium bicarbonate, 30g of nettle extract and 833g of water, adding into a stirring pot, and stirring at normal temperature and the rotation speed of 200r/min for 10min to obtain the root growth regulator.

Preparation example 6

s2-2, adding 20.83g of fulvic acid, 62.5g of brassinolide and 16.67g of gibberellin into a stirring pot, and stirring for 5min at normal temperature and the rotation speed of 60r/min to obtain growth hormone;

s2-3, mixing 60g of growth hormone, 20g of composite probiotic powder, 20g of potassium phosphite, 6g of trisodium bicarbonate, 20g of nettle extract and 874g of water, adding into a stirring pot, and stirring at normal temperature and the rotation speed of 200r/min for 10min to obtain the root growth regulator.

Examples

Example 1

The embodiment discloses a method for transplanting and maintaining trees on a highway, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, early preparation:

step 1-1, cleaning and leveling a planting field: removing gravels, weeds and sundries in the planting field, and leveling and repairing the planting field according to the surrounding terrain environment;

step 1-2, changing planting soil and applying base fertilizer:

step 1-2-1, detecting the soil quality of a planting land: the soil quality of the planting soil is required to be soil with the pH value of about 6.5, and the soil is loose, does not contain salt and alkaline earth, and does not contain building and domestic garbage;

step 1-2-2, filling planting soil: the depth of the planting soil reaches more than 90 cm;

step 1-2-3, base fertilizer application: fertilizing at the amount of 2.0 kg/plant, ploughing once at the depth of 20cm after fertilizing, and fully and uniformly mixing the base fertilizer and the planting soil; wherein the base fertilizer is compost mushroom fertilizer;

step 1-3, fixed-point paying-off: setting out the lines of the fixed points of the trees by using a grid method, nailing timber piles according to the designed positions as the basis for field planting and planting, and avoiding barriers such as a well cellar, a pipeline and the like when the fixed points are set; marking the center of each plant position with markers such as lime and the like as striking marks and positioning marks;

step 1-4, digging holes: before planting the nursery stock, digging holes downwards along the periphery by taking a determined ash point as a center, wherein the size of each planting hole is 1.0m multiplied by 0.8m (the diameter of the bottom surface is multiplied by the height of the hole), the wall of each hole is vertical, and after the planting holes are dug, 2cm of surface soil, 1cm of base fertilizer and 5cm of loam are sequentially filled in the holes;

step 2, selecting seedlings, transporting and trimming before transplanting;

step 2-1, selecting seedlings: selecting local saplings in a planting place as far as possible, preferentially selecting saplings which are cultivated for 1-2 years, and simultaneously ensuring that trunks of the saplings are upright, branches are uniformly distributed, and root systems cannot be obviously damaged and are developed;

step 2-2, lifting seedlings and transporting: the seedling lifting time and the planting time are closely matched, so that the seedling lifting and the planting in the same day are realized; watering properly 1-3 days before lifting the seedlings to soften the soil; when seedlings are lifted, the diameter of the soil digging ball is determined by 12 times of the breast diameter of the seedlings, and the depth of the soil ball is 70% of the diameter of the soil ball;

step 2-3, primary treatment of roots: spraying a root protective agent on the soil ball, spraying the root protective agent at a fresh root cut in a key manner, wrapping the soil ball with straws in time after spraying, and binding the trunk tightly by a straw rope in a shape like a Chinese character 'mi' before lifting seedlings; wherein the root protective agent is prepared from the root protective agent prepared in the preparation example 1;

step 2-4, pruning before planting: cutting weak branches, dead branches, dry branches, cross branches and dense branches, and coating and encapsulating cut openings with the diameter larger than 2cm by vaseline; the crown shape of the tree crown is kept, and the trimming amount is 40-60%;

step 3, transplanting and planting:

step 3-1, transporting the nursery stock sprayed with the root protective agent to a planting field for planting, and performing secondary treatment on the roots: spraying a root growth regulator on the soil ball, wherein the root growth regulator is mainly sprayed at a fresh root incision, and the spraying is finished to fix the soil ball in time; wherein the root growth regulator is prepared from the root growth regulator prepared in the preparation example 4;

step 3-2, field planting: placing the soil ball of the seedling into the planting hole to center the seedling; then, the trunk is erected and righted to keep the trunk vertical; then backfilling in layers, tamping each layer with a stick, filling the holes, covering the root neck part of the seedling with soil, and ensuring that the trunk is kept vertical and the crown is not inclined after planting;

3-3, irrigating the planting pits with clear water to ensure that the water content of the soil is 30-40%;

step 4, maintenance treatment:

step 4-1, shading measures: building a shading shed after the tree planting, and shading the tree;

4-2, arranging a spraying device in the shading shed, spraying trees for 1 time at 12 points every day for 5min each time, spraying for 20 days, and dismantling the shading shed and the spraying device;

4-3, irrigating for multiple times after fixedly planting for three days, ten days, twenty days, one month and half a year respectively, and performing fixed irrigation at intervals of six months after half a year; spraying a mixed solution except for the first irrigation on the field planting day, wherein the mixed solution is prepared by mixing the root protective agent prepared in the preparation example 1, the root growth regulator prepared in the preparation example 4 and water according to the mass ratio of 0.8:1: 3; the water content of the soil is kept between 30 and 35 percent by each irrigation.

Example 2

The embodiment discloses a method for transplanting and maintaining trees on a highway, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that:

step 2-3, base fertilizer application: fertilizing at the amount of 2.3 kg/plant, ploughing once at the depth of 30cm after fertilizing, and fully and uniformly mixing the base fertilizer and the planting soil; wherein the base fertilizer is compost mushroom fertilizer;

step 1-4, after the planting hole is dug, sequentially backfilling surface soil of 3cm, base fertilizer of 2cm and loam of 7cm in the hole;

step 2-3, primary treatment of roots: spraying a root protective agent on the soil ball, and mainly spraying the root protective agent at the cut of the fresh root, wherein the root protective agent is the root protective agent prepared in the preparation example 2;

step 3-1, secondary treatment of roots: spraying a root growth regulator on the soil ball, and mainly spraying the root growth regulator at the cut of the fresh root, wherein the root growth regulator is prepared in preparation example 5;

and 4-3, mixing the root protective agent prepared in the preparation example 2, the root growth regulator prepared in the preparation example 5 and water according to the mass ratio of 0.8:1:3 to prepare a mixed solution.

Example 3

step 2-3, base fertilizer application: fertilizing at the amount of 2.2 kg/plant, ploughing at the depth of 25cm once after fertilizing, and fully and uniformly mixing the base fertilizer and the planting soil; wherein the base fertilizer is compost mushroom fertilizer;

step 1-4, after the planting hole is dug, sequentially backfilling surface soil of 2cm, base fertilizer of 1.5cm and loam of 6cm in the hole;

step 2-3, primary treatment of roots: spraying a root protective agent on the soil ball, and mainly spraying the root protective agent at the cut of the fresh root, wherein the root protective agent is the root protective agent prepared in the preparation example 3;

step 3-1, secondary treatment of roots: spraying a root growth regulator on the soil ball, and mainly spraying the root growth regulator at the cut of the fresh root, wherein the root growth regulator is prepared in preparation example 6;

and 4-3, mixing the root protective agent prepared in the preparation example 3, the root growth regulator prepared in the preparation example 6 and water according to the mass ratio of 0.8:1:3 to prepare a mixed solution.

Comparative example

Comparative example 1

A method for transplanting and maintaining trees on a highway is different from the embodiment 3 in that: in the step 3-1, the root of the seedling is not subjected to secondary treatment.

Comparative example 2

A method for transplanting and maintaining trees on a highway is different from the embodiment 3 in that: in the step 2-3, the root of the seedling is not treated once.

Comparative example 3

A method for transplanting and maintaining trees on a highway is different from the embodiment 3 in that: in step 4-3, the mixture is replaced with an equal amount of water.

Comparative example 4

A method for transplanting and maintaining trees on a highway is different from the embodiment 3 in that: and (4) replacing the root growth regulator in the step (3-1) and the step (4-3) with a common commercially available growth regulator, and performing secondary treatment on the roots and irrigation treatment on the mixed solution.

Performance test and data analysis

Bench scale experiment

Selecting a planting land in a greening big seedling field of Jiufutao village below the central region of the Guangzhou city, wherein the planting land area is 500m ² Uniformly dividing a planting field into 7 test areas with equal areas, transplanting the trees in the 7 test areas respectively by adopting the transplanting maintenance schemes of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-4, and transplanting 10 fast-growing eucalypts in each area at equal intervals; observing and recording the growth condition, survival rate and disease phenomenon of trees on the transplanting day, three months after transplanting and one year after transplanting, and calculating the growth amount of the height of seedlings and the breast diameter after three months and one year; and the water content of the backfilled soil of the planting hole is detected, and the detection result is shown in table 1 (the average value of the data of each test area is adopted).

TABLE 1

According to the performance detection data in the table 1, after the out-of-season arbor transplanting is carried out by adopting the transplanting maintenance scheme of the embodiment 1-3, the transplanted arbor has better growth performance, the height and the diameter at breast height of eucalyptus seedlings are both rapidly and obviously increased during the test period, and the growth rate in the first three months is higher; the survival rate is higher, no disease occurs, the water content loss of the soil is less, and the water retention performance of the soil in the planting hole is higher.

Compared with the method of examples 1-3, the seedling height and the breast diameter of the eucalyptus transplanted by the scheme of the comparative examples 1 and 2 are reduced to some extent, the water content of soil is reduced and increased, and the eucalyptus transplanted by the scheme of the comparative example 2 has a bacterial wilt in a short time after being transplanted; the inventor analyzes that root treatment is carried out on transplanted eucalyptus by respectively adopting a root protective agent and a root growth regulator in the application, wherein the root protective agent plays an important role in water retention and cut repair of the roots of the eucalyptus after seedling picking, so that the root humectant is not protected, the eucalyptus is transported at high temperature, the water loss is more, the wound of a root system is not well protected, the adaptability of the eucalyptus to new planting field soil after field planting is influenced, the resistance is weaker, disease damage is more likely to occur, and the survival rate is reduced; the root growth regulator not only can play a role in promoting the growth of the root system of the eucalyptus, but also is in synergistic cooperation with the root protective agent, so that the growth activity of the eucalyptus after transportation is improved, the eucalyptus can be quickly adapted to a new environment after field planting, and quick growth is realized; the two have synergistic effect, so that the water retention of the soil can be improved, further the loss of water in the soil under a high-temperature environment is reduced, and further the storage and sufficient absorption of underground water of the out-of-season transplanted eucalyptus are realized; therefore, in the application, the root treatment of the eucalyptus by using the root protective agent and the root growth regulator is an important treatment step, and has an important influence on the survival rate of the transplanted eucalyptus.

In the embodiments 1 to 3, the mixed solution prepared by mixing the root protective agent, the root growth regulator and water according to a specific ratio is used for irrigating and maintaining the planted eucalyptus, and the components in the mixed solution act together to provide long-term nutrition and protection for the growth of the eucalyptus, improve the disease resistance of the eucalyptus and promote the rapid growth of the eucalyptus; in the comparative example 3, the mixed solution is replaced by the same amount of water, which means that the beneficial effect of the mixed solution on the maintenance of the eucalyptus is lost, so that the growth performance of the eucalyptus transplanted by adopting the scheme of the comparative example 3 is greatly influenced, the disease resistance is reduced, the water retention performance of the soil is weaker, and the survival rate is reduced.

The root growth regulator is replaced by a commercially available growth regulator in the comparative example 4, and although the replaced growth regulator can play a certain role in promoting growth, the growth regulator cannot be matched with the root protective agent configured in the application, so that the transplanted nursery stock cannot be nourished and protected against diseases for a long time, the water retention performance of the soil cannot be improved, and the survival rate of eucalyptus transplanted at high temperature in summer cannot be improved.

The technical scheme of the embodiment 3 of the application is applied to an actual case for inspection, and the conditions are as follows:

case one (maintenance works such as municipal transformation upper cover facility and upper green land and Olympic center overpass of southeast and west ring east garden overpass (2020 and 2022 years))

1. Planting time: 6 months and 2 days 2021;

2. planting place: southeast west ring highway of sea pearl district of Guangzhou city, Guangdong province;

3. planting the variety: cinnamomum camphora B, 100 strains; the diameter at breast height is 19-20cm, and the height of the seedling is 5.5-6.0 m; the crown width is 3.5-4.0 m;

4. and (3) maintenance period: 12 months;

5. scheme design: performing arbor transplanting maintenance according to the transplanting maintenance scheme in the embodiment 3;

6. as a result: after planting for one year, the cinnamomum camphora B grows well, the diameter at breast height reaches 21-22cm, and the height of seedlings is 5.8-6.2 m; the crown width is enlarged and the shape is good; the occurrence of disease and pest disaster conditions is less, and the survival rate of the cinnamomum camphora B reaches 88 percent.

Case two (Guangzhou region part high (fast) highway comprehensive management project combined bidding (2020 and 2022 years) Huadu to Dongguan highway comprehensive management project-Zhongxin south management center greening and transformation project)

1. Planting time: 6 months and 10 days in 2021;

2. planting place: guangzhou Aquilaria sinensis expressway, Guangdong province;

3. planting the variety: 100 eucalyptus plants; the diameter at breast height is 3-5cm, and the height of the seedling is 2.0-2.2 m;

4. and (3) maintenance period: 6 months;

6. as a result: after planting for half a year, the diameter at breast height of the eucalyptus reaches 8-9cm, and the height of the seedling is 4-5 m; the adaptability is good, the resistance to diseases and insect disasters is strong, and the survival rate of the eucalyptus is 92%.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for transplanting and maintaining trees on a highway is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

step 1, early preparation:

step 2, pretreatment before transplantation;

selecting seedlings; when lifting seedlings, determining the diameter of the soil digging ball by 12-15 times of the breast diameter of the seedlings, wherein the depth of the soil ball is 70% of the diameter of the soil ball; after lifting seedlings, carrying out primary treatment on roots: spraying 50-70g of the root protective agent on the soil ball, wherein the root protective agent is mainly sprayed at the cut of the fresh root, and the soil ball is wrapped by straws in time after the spraying is finished; properly pruning the saplings before loading;

step 3, transplanting and planting:

2. The method for transplanting and maintaining the trees on the expressway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the growth hormone in the root growth regulator in the step 3 comprises two or more of fulvic acid, brassinolide and gibberellin.

3. The method for transplanting and maintaining the trees on the expressway according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the growth hormone is prepared from fulvic acid, brassinolide and gibberellin according to a mass ratio of 1: 3: 0.8 and mixing.

4. The method for transplanting and maintaining the trees on the highway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the composite probiotic powder in the root growth regulator in the step 3 is prepared by mixing bacillus mucilaginosus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and a bacteria powder matrix; wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus mucilaginosus to the photosynthetic bacteria to the lactic acid bacteria is 2.5:1: 0.8.

5. The method for transplanting and maintaining the trees on the expressway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the base fertilizer in the step 1 is compost mushroom fertilizer; fertilizing at 2.0-2.2 kg/plant, ploughing at 20-30cm depth, and mixing the base fertilizer and planting soil.

6. The method for transplanting and maintaining the trees on the expressway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after the planting holes are dug in the step 1, 2-3cm of surface soil, 1-2cm of base fertilizer and 5-7cm of loam are sequentially backfilled in the holes.

7. The method for transplanting and maintaining the trees on the expressway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 2, carrying out proper trimming on the seedlings in the cart in the step 2, and keeping the crowns, wherein the trimming amount is 40-60%.

8. The method for transplanting and maintaining the trees on the expressway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the mixed solution in the step 4 comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing a root protectant:

s2, preparing a root growth regulator:

s2-2, preparing growth hormone;