CN114989181A - 一种杂环芳胺化合物、有机电致发光器件和显示面板 - Google Patents
一种杂环芳胺化合物、有机电致发光器件和显示面板 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114989181A CN114989181A CN202210772873.9A CN202210772873A CN114989181A CN 114989181 A CN114989181 A CN 114989181A CN 202210772873 A CN202210772873 A CN 202210772873A CN 114989181 A CN114989181 A CN 114989181A
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- heterocyclic
- substituted
- arylamine compound
- compound
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006527 (C1-C5) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
- H10K85/636—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising heteroaromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
- C07D491/044—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
- C07D491/048—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring the oxygen-containing ring being five-membered
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- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C07D491/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D491/14—Ortho-condensed systems
- C07D491/147—Ortho-condensed systems the condensed system containing one ring with oxygen as ring hetero atom and two rings with nitrogen as ring hetero atom
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- C07D491/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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Abstract
本发明提供一种杂环芳胺化合物、有机电致发光器件和显示面板。所述杂环芳胺化合物具有如式I所示结构。本发明中通过杂环芳胺化合物结构的设计,使杂环芳胺化合物具有较高的分子极化率、折射率和较高的结晶性,可作为盖帽层材料制备顶发射OLED器件,且制备得到的OLED器件具有较高的电流效率和寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机电致发光材料技术领域,具体涉及一种杂环芳胺化合物、有机电致发光器件和显示面板。
背景技术
有机发光二极管(又称有机电致发光器件,OLED)根据有机发光层发出光线的方向,可以分为底发射OLED显示器和顶发射OLED显示器。在底发射OLED显示器(BEOLED)中,光线朝向基板发出,反射电极形成在有机发光层上,透明电极形成在有机发光层下,即其透明阳极铟锡氧化物ITO(或铟锌氧化物IZO)通过溅射的方式生长在玻璃衬底上,器件内部发出的光相继经过ITO(或IZO)、玻璃衬底射出。采用这种方式制作的显示屏由于驱动电路和显示区域要同时制作在玻璃上面,导致显示区域面积相对减小,显示屏的开口率降低;且如果OLED显示器是有源矩阵的OLED显示器,其中形成的薄膜晶体管部分不透射光线,所以发光面积减小。在顶发射OLED显示器中,透明电极形成在有机发光层上,反射电极形成在有机发光层下,所以光线向基板相反方向发出,从而增加了光线透射面积而改善了亮度。由于顶发射器件制作的显示屏还具有分辨率高、信息含量高等优点,这都使得顶发射有机电致发光器件近两年来受到越来越多人的关注,并成为一个研究热点。
CN103579521A公开了一种顶发射有机电致发光器件及其制造方法。所述顶发射有机电致发光器件阴极层上镀覆有覆盖层,其中,所述覆盖层为在波长450nm~650nm范围内折射率大于1.8,能隙Eg大于3.0eV的有机材料。该技术方案公开的覆盖层的折射率较低,已不能满足逐步增长的技术需求。
OLED经过几十年的发展,已经取得了长足的进步。虽然其内量子效率已经接近100%,但外量子效率却仅有大约20%左右。大部分的光由于基板模式损失、表面等离子损失与波导效应等因素被限制在发光器件内部,导致了大量能量损失;且现有技术制备得到的有机电致发光器件材料的折射率并不能达到市场需求,光取出效果不够好;蓝色、绿色以及红色各自的波长区域所测定的折射率之差较大,因此蓝色、绿色以及红色的各发光器件中的所有光无法同时获得高的光提取效率。
在顶发射器件中,通过在半透明金属电极上蒸镀一层有机覆盖层(CappingLayer,CPL,又称为盖帽层),调节光学干涉距离,抑制外光反射,抑制表面等离子体能移动引起的消光,从而提高光的取出效率,提升发光效率。因此,如何提供一种具有较高折射率的有机覆盖层材料,以满足市场的需求,已成为目前亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为了开发更多种类、性能更加优异的有机覆盖层材料,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种杂环芳胺化合物,所述杂环芳胺衍生物具有如式I所示结构:
其中,Ar1具有如式II所示结构。
X1~X10各自独立地选自N或C-R′,R′选自-H、-D(氘原子)、卤素原子或氰基中的任意一种。
Y1选自O或S;
L1~L3各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的C6~C18亚芳基、取代或未取代的C3~C18亚杂芳基中的任意一种;L1~L3各自独立地选自单键时,意味着相应的Ar1、Ar2和Ar3各自独立地直接与N原子相连。
L1~L3中所述取代的取代基各自独立地选自D(氘原子)、卤素原子或氰基(-CN)中的至少一种。
Ar2和Ar3各自独立地选自取代或未取代的C6~C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3~C30杂芳基中的任意一种。
Ar2和Ar3中所述取代的取代基各自独立地选自D(氘原子)、卤素原子、氰基或C1~C5烷基中的至少一种。
Ar1、Ar2、Ar3中至少包括一个氮原子。
本发明中,所述卤素原子包括氟原子、氯原子、溴原子或碘原子。
本发明中,所述C6~C18可以为C6、C10、C12或C18等。
所述C3~C18可以为C3、C5、C6、C10、C12或C18等。
所述C6~C30可以为C6、C8、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等。
所述C3~C30可以为C4、C5、C6、C8、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等。
所述C1~C5可以为C1、C2、C3、C4或C5。
根据Lorentz–Lorenz方程可知,折射率与极化率成正比,与分子体积成反比,极化率越大,材料的折射率越大;分子体积越小,材料的折射率越大。现有技术中,为了使分子的密度增加,并达到高的热稳定性,分子结构设计的很大并且疏松,分子间不能达到紧密的堆积,从而在蒸镀制备盖帽层时造成分子凝胶孔洞太多,覆盖紧密性不良,且折射率低问题的发生。
本发明提供的杂环芳胺化合物的结构水平偶极取向利于分子的堆叠排列,可以提升折射率,进一步的,就分子的结晶性和薄膜稳定性来考虑,分子质量不易太大,因此,本发明中通过对杂环芳胺化合物的结构设计,使其具有适宜的重均分子量,可进一步提高盖帽层的稳定性。因此,以本发明提供的杂环芳胺化合物为盖帽层材料,制备得到的有机电致发光器件具有较高的光去除效率和电流效率,同时可有效阻挡外部环境中的水和氧,保护显示面板不受水氧侵蚀。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种有机电致发光器件,所述有机电致发光器件包括依次叠加设置的阳极、有机薄膜层和阴极,以及位于阴极远离阳极一侧的盖帽层;所述盖帽层材料中含有至少一种如目的之一所述的杂环芳胺化合物。
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种显示面板,所述显示面板包括如目的之二所述的有机电致发光器件。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明通过对杂环芳胺化合物的结构进行设计,进一步通过对Ar1取代基的特殊设计,使杂环芳胺化合物具有较高的分子极化率和折射率,同时具有适宜的分子量,使有机电致发光器件具有较高的光去除效率和电流效率,同时可有效阻挡外部环境中的水和氧,保护显示面板不受水氧侵蚀。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的有机电致发光器件的结构示意图;
其中,1-基板,2-阳极,3-空穴注入层,4-第一空穴传输层,5-第二空穴传输层,6-发光层,7-电子传输层,8-电子注入层,9-阴极,10-盖帽层。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种杂环芳胺化合物,所述杂环芳胺衍生物具有如式I所示结构:
其中,Ar1具有如式II所示结构。
X1~X10各自独立地选自N或C-R′,R′选自-H、-D(氘原子)、卤素原子或氰基中的任意一种。
Y1选自O或S。
L1~L3各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的C6~C18亚芳基、取代或未取代的C3~C18亚杂芳基中的任意一种。
L1~L3中所述取代的取代基各自独立地选自D(氘原子)、卤素原子或氰基(-CN)中的至少一种。
Ar2和Ar3各自独立地选自取代或未取代的C6~C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3~C30杂芳基中的任意一种。
Ar2和Ar3中所述取代的取代基各自独立地选自D(氘原子)、卤素原子、氰基或C1~C5烷基中的至少一种。
Ar1、Ar2、Ar3中至少包括一个氮原子。
根据Lorentz–Lorenz方程可知,折射率与极化率成正比,与分子体积成反比,极化率越大,材料的折射率越大;分子体积越小,材料的折射率越大。现有技术中,为了使分子的密度增加,并达到高的热稳定性,分子结构设计的很大并且疏松,分子间不能达到紧密的堆积,从而在蒸镀制备盖帽层时造成分子凝胶孔洞太多,覆盖紧密性不良,且折射率低问题的发生。
本发明提供的杂环芳胺化合物的结构水平偶极取向利于分子的堆叠排列,可以提升折射率,进一步的,就分子的结晶性和薄膜稳定性来考虑,分子质量不易太大,因此,本发明中通过对杂环芳胺化合物的结构设计,使其具有适宜的重均分子量,可进一步提高盖帽层的稳定性。因此,以本发明提供的杂环芳胺化合物为盖帽层材料,制备得到的有机电致发光器件具有较高的光去除效率和发光效率,同时可有效阻挡外部环境中的水和氧,保护显示面板不受水氧侵蚀。
本发明中,所述卤素原子包括氟原子、氯原子、溴原子或碘原子。
本发明中,L1~L3各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的C6~C18亚芳基、取代或未取代的C3~C18亚杂芳基中的任意一种。
在一个实施方式中,式I中L1选自单键,Ar1与氮原子直接相连。
在一个实施方式中,式I中L2选自单键,Ar2与氮原子直接相连。
在一个实施方式中,式I中L3选自单键,Ar3与氮原子直接相连。
所述C6~C18可以为C6、C10、C12或C18等。
所述C3~C18可以为C3、C5、C6、C10、C12或C18等。
本发明中,Ar2和Ar3各自独立地选自取代或未取代的C6~C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3~C30杂芳基中的任意一种。
所述C6~C30各自独立地可以为C6、C8、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等。
所述C3~C30各自独立地可以为C4、C5、C6、C8、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等。
本发明中,Ar2和Ar3中所述取代的取代基各自独立地选自D、卤素原子、氰基或C1~C5烷基(例如可以是甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基或戊基)中的至少一种
在一个实施方式中,所述Ar1选自如下基团中的任意一种,或被取代基取代的如下基团中的任意一种:
其中,虚线表示基团的连接位点;
所述取代基选自-D(氘原子)、卤素原子(氟原子、氯原子、溴原子或碘原子)或氰基(-CN)。
在一个实施方式中,所述Ar1选自如下基团中的任意一种,或被取代基取代的如下基团中的任意一种:
其中,虚线表示基团的连接位点;
所述取代基选自-D(氘原子)、卤素原子(氟原子、氯原子、溴原子或碘原子)或氰基(-CN)。
在一个实施方式中,所述C6~C18亚芳基选自亚苯基、亚萘基、亚蒽基或亚菲基中的任意一种。
在一实施方式中,所述C3~C18的亚杂芳基选自亚呋喃基、亚噻吩基、亚吡咯基、亚吡啶基、亚吡喃基、亚嘧啶基、亚吡嗪基、亚哒嗪基、亚三嗪基、亚萘基、亚喹啉基、亚喹喔啉基、亚异喹啉基、亚喹唑啉基中的任意一种。
在一个实施方式中,所述L1~L3各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基;
亚苯基和亚萘基中所述取代的取代基各自独立地选自-D(氘原子)、卤素原子(氟原子、氯原子、溴原子或碘原子)或氰基(-CN)中的至少一种。
在一个实施方式中,所述C6~C30芳基选自苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、芘基、苝基、苯并菲基、苯并芘基、苯并蒽基中的任意一种。
在一个实施方式中,所述C3~C30杂芳基选自呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、吡啶基、吡喃基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、三嗪基、萘基、喹啉基、喹喔啉基、异喹啉基、喹唑啉基、吖啶基、咔唑基、吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、2-N-杂二苯并呋喃或2-N-杂二苯并噻吩中的任意一种。
在一个实施方式中,所述Ar2和Ar3各自独立地选自如下基团中的任意一种:
其中,#表示基团的连接位点;
X11、X12、X13、X14各自独立地选自N或C-R;
Y2选自N、O或S;
R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7各自独立地选自H、-D(氘原子)、卤素原子(氟原子、氯原子、溴原子或碘原子)或氰基(-CN)。
在一个实施方式中,所述杂环芳胺化合物选自如下化合物中的任意一种:
本发明提供的具有如式I所示结构的杂环芳胺化合物示例性的通过如下合成路线制备得到:
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种有机电致发光器件,所述有机电致发光器件包括依次叠加设置的阳极、有机薄膜层和阴极,以及位于阴极远离阳极一侧的盖帽层;所述盖帽层材料中含有至少一种如目的之一所述的杂环芳胺化合物。
本发明所述有机电致发光器件中,阳极材料可以为金属、金属氧化物或导电性聚合物;其中,所述金属包括铜、金、银、铁、铬、镍、锰、钯、铂等及它们的合金,所述金属氧化物包括氧化铟、氧化锌、氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化铟锌(IZO)等,所述导电性聚合物包括聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚(3-甲基噻吩)等。除以上有助于空穴注入材料及其组合,还包括已知的适合做阳极的材料。
所述有机电致发光器件中,阴极材料可以为金属或多层金属材料;其中,所述金属包括铝、镁、银、铟、锡、钛等及它们的合金,所述多层金属材料包括LiF/Al、LiO2/Al、BaF2/Al等。除以上有助于电子注入的材料及其组合,还包括已知的适合做阴极的材料。
所述有机电致发光器件中,有机薄膜层包括至少一层发光层(EML)和设置于发光层两侧的空穴传输层(HTL)、空穴注入层(HIL)、电子阻挡层(EBL)、空穴阻挡层(HBL)、电子传输层(ETL)、电子注入层(EIL)中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,所述OLED器件的阴极上(远离阳极的一侧)设置有盖帽层(CPL)。
本发明中,所述有机电致发光器件的示意图如图1所示,包括依次叠加设置的基板1、阳极2、空穴注入层3、第一空穴传输层4、第二空穴传输层5、发光层6、电子传输层7、电子注入层8、阴极9和盖帽层10。
所述有机电致发光器件按照以下方法制备:在透明或不透明的光滑的基板上形成阳极,在阳极上形成有机薄层,在有机薄层上形成阴极(镁银电极,镁银质量比为1:9),在阴极远离阳极的一侧形成盖帽层。其中,有机薄层包括空穴注入层、第一空穴传输层、第二空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层,形成有机薄层可采用如蒸镀、溅射、旋涂、浸渍、离子镀等已知的成膜方法。
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种显示面板,所述显示面板包括如目的之二所述的有机电致发光器件。
以下示例性地列举几种本发明所述杂环芳胺化合物的实施例:
实施例1
本实施例提供一种杂环芳胺化合物P001,该杂环芳胺化合物的合成路线如下:
该杂环芳胺化合物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将化合物P1-1(0.5mmol)、化合物P1-2(0.5mmol)、KO(t-Bu)(1.0mmol)、[Pd(cinnamyl)Cl]2(0.02mol)、Ligand(0.02mol)加入THF 3mL溶液中混合,放入50mL的烧瓶中,在78℃下反应12小时后,冷却至室温,然后向其中缓慢加入饱和MgSO4水溶液和乙酸乙酯萃取三次,然后将有机层通过旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂,通过柱层析,得到中间产物P1-3。
将中间产物P1-3(0.5mmol)、化合物P1-4(0.6mmol)、KO(t-Bu)(1.0mmol)、[Pd(cinnamyl)Cl]2(0.02mol)、Ligand(0.02mol)加入甲苯3mL溶液中混合,放入50mL的烧瓶中,在110℃下反应12小时后,冷却至室温,然后向溶液中缓慢加入饱和MgSO4水溶液和乙酸乙酯萃取三次,然后将有机层通过旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂,通过柱层析,得到目标产物P001。
对目标产物P001的结构进行测试:通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析得MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):C47H30N2O,计算值为638.2,测试值为638.1。
元素分析理论值:C 88.38,H 4.73,N 4.39;测试值:C 88.38,H 4.72,N 4.39。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种杂环芳胺化合物P019,该杂环芳胺化合物的合成路线如下:
该杂环芳胺化合物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将化合物P19-1(0.5mmol)、化合物P19-2(0.5mmol)、KO(t-Bu)(1.0mmol)、[Pd(cinnamyl)Cl]2(0.02mol)、Ligand(0.02mol)加入THF 3mL溶液中混合,放入50mL的烧瓶中,在78℃下反应12小时后,冷却至室温,然后向溶液中缓慢加入饱和MgSO4水溶液和乙酸乙酯萃取三次,然后将有机层通过旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂,通过柱层析,得到中间产物P19-3。
将中间产物P19-3(0.5mmol)、化合物P19-4(0.6mmol)、KO(t-Bu)(1.0mmol)、[Pd(cinnamyl)Cl]2(0.02mol)、Ligand(0.02mol)加入甲苯3mL溶液中混合,放入50mL的烧瓶中,在110℃下反应12小时后,冷却至室温,然后向溶液中缓慢加入饱和MgSO4水溶液和乙酸乙酯萃取三次,然后将有机层通过旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂,通过柱层析,得到目标产物P019。
对目标产物P019的结构进行测试:通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析得MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):C51H32N2O,计算值为688.3,测试值为688.1。
元素分析理论值:C 88.93,H 4.68,N 4.07;测试值:C 88.93,H 4.69,N 4.07。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种杂环芳胺化合物P020,该杂环芳胺化合物的合成路线如下:
该杂环芳胺化合物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将化合物P20-1(0.5mmol)、化合物P20-2(0.5mmol)、KO(t-Bu)(1.0mmol)、[Pd(cinnamyl)Cl]2(0.02mol)、Ligand(0.02mol)加入THF 3mL溶液中混合,放入50mL的烧瓶中,在78℃下反应12小时后,冷却至室温,然后向溶液中缓慢加入饱和MgSO4水溶液和乙酸乙酯萃取三次,然后将有机层通过旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂,通过柱层析,得到中间产物P20-3。
将中间产物P20-3(0.5mmol)、化合物P20-4(0.6mmol)、KO(t-Bu)(1.0mmol)、[Pd(cinnamyl)Cl]2(0.02mol)、Ligand(0.02mol)加入甲苯3mL溶液中混合,放入50mL的烧瓶中,在110℃下反应12小时后,冷却至室温,然后向溶液中缓慢加入饱和MgSO4水溶液和乙酸乙酯萃取三次,然后将有机层通过旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂,通过柱层析,得到目标产物P020。
对目标产物P020的结构进行测试:通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析得MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):C47H30N2O,计算值为638.2,测试值为638.1。
元素分析理论值:C 88.38,H 4.73,N 4.39;测试值:C 88.38,H 4.72,N 4.39。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种杂环芳胺化合物P151,该杂环芳胺化合物的合成路线如下:
该杂环芳胺化合物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将化合物P151-1(0.5mmol)、化合物P151-2(0.5mmol)、KO(t-Bu)(1.0mmol)、[Pd(cinnamyl)Cl]2(0.02mol)、Ligand(0.02mol)加入THF 3mL溶液中混合,放入50mL的烧瓶中,在78℃下反应12小时后,冷却至室温,然后向溶液中缓慢加入饱和MgSO4水溶液和乙酸乙酯萃取三次,然后将有机层通过旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂,通过柱层析,得到中间产物P151-3。
将中间产物P151-3(0.5mmol)、化合物P151-4(0.6mmol)、KO(t-Bu)(1.0mmol)、[Pd(cinnamyl)Cl]2(0.02mol)、Ligand(0.02mol)加入甲苯3mL溶液中混合,放入50mL的烧瓶中,在100℃下反应12小时后,冷却至室温,然后向溶液中缓慢加入饱和MgSO4水溶液和乙酸乙酯萃取三次,然后将有机层通过旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂,通过柱层析,得到目标产物P151。
对目标产物P151的结构进行测试:通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析得MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):C44H27N3O2,计算值为629.2,测试值为629.1。
元素分析理论值:C 83.92,H 4.32,N 6.67;测试值:C 83.92,H 4.32,N 6.66。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种杂环芳胺化合物P156,该杂环芳胺化合物的合成路线如下:
具体制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
将化合物P156-1(0.5mmol)、化合物P156-2(0.5mmol)、KO(t-Bu)(1.0mmol)、[Pd(cinnamyl)Cl]2(0.02mol)、Ligand(0.02mol)加入THF 3mL溶液中混合,放入50mL的烧瓶中,在78℃下反应12小时后,冷却至室温,然后向溶液中缓慢加入饱和MgSO4水溶液和乙酸乙酯萃取三次,然后将有机层通过旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂,通过柱层析,得到中间产物P156-3。
将中间产物P156-3(0.5mmol)、化合物P156-4(0.6mmol)、KO(t-Bu)(1.0mmol)、[Pd(cinnamyl)Cl]2(0.02mol)、Ligand(0.02mol)加入甲苯3mL溶液中混合,放入50mL的烧瓶中,在110℃下反应12小时后,冷却至室温,然后向溶液中缓慢加入饱和MgSO4水溶液和乙酸乙酯萃取三次,然后将有机层通过旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂,通过柱层析,得到目标产物P156。
对目标产物P156的结构进行测试:通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析得MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):C48H29N3O2,计算值为679.2,测试值为679.1。
元素分析理论值:C 84.81,H 4.30,N 6.18;测试值:C 84.81,H 4.31,N 6.17。
其他杂环芳胺化合物的制备方法与与上述方法相似,在此不一一赘述,仅提供其表征结果,质谱分析与元素分析结果如表1所示。
表1
对上述杂环芳胺化合物以及化合物A、化合物B和化合物C的性能进行测试,其中,化合物A、化合物B和化合物C的结构式如下:
具体测试方法如下:
通过椭偏仪对上述杂环芳胺化合物在460nm、530nm和620nm波长处的折射率进行测试,测试结果如下表2所示:
表2
由表2的内容可知,相比于化合物A、化合物B和化合物C,本发明提供的杂环芳胺化合物在460nm波长处的折射率不低于2.21,具体为2.21~2.38,在530nm波长处的折射率不低于2.08,具体为2.08~2.20,在620nm波长处的折射率不低于2.00,具体为2.00~2.09。相比于化合物A、化合物B和化合物C,本发明提供的杂环芳胺化合物具有更高的折射率,在460nm波长处折射率约提高0.03~0.35,在530nm波长处折射率最高提高0.25,在620nm波长处折射率最高提高0.19。
以下列举几种本发明所述有机化合物应用于有机电致发光器件中的应用例:
应用例1
本应用例提供一种有机电致发光器件,具体制备步骤如下:
(1)将带有氧化铟锡(ITO)阳极层(厚度为15nm)的玻璃基板切成50mm×50mm×0.7mm的大小,分别在异丙醇和去离子水中超声处理30分钟,然后暴露在臭氧下约10min来进行清洁,将清洗后的基板安装到真空沉积设备上;
(2)在ITO阳极层上,通过真空蒸镀方式蒸镀空穴注入层材料化合物b和p掺杂材料化合物a,掺杂比例为3%(质量比),厚度为5nm,作为空穴注入层;
(3)在空穴注入层上真空蒸镀空穴传输层材料化合物b,厚度为100nm,作为第一空穴传输层;
(4)在第一空穴传输层上真空蒸镀空穴传输型材料化合物c,厚度为5nm,作为第二空穴传输层;
(5)第二空穴传输层上真空蒸镀一层发光层,其中,化合物d作为主体材料,化合物e作为掺杂材料,掺杂比例为3%(质量比),厚度为30nm;
(6)在发光层上真空蒸镀电子传输型材料化合物f,厚度为30nm,作为第一电子传输层;
(7)第一电子传输层上真空蒸镀电子传输材料化合物g和n掺杂材料化合物h,掺杂质量比例为1:1;厚度为5nm,作为第二电子传输层;
(8)在第二电子传输层上真空蒸镀镁银电极,其中,Mg:Ag为9:1,厚度为10nm,作为阴极;
(9)在阴极上真空蒸镀本发明的杂环芳胺化合物P001,厚度为100nm,作为盖帽层使用。
上述步骤中使用的化合物结构如下:
应用例2
本应用例与应用例1的区别仅在于,将步骤(9)中的杂环芳胺化合物P001用等量其他的杂环芳胺化合物替换(如下表3所示);其他制备步骤均相同。
应用对比例1
本应用对比例与应用例1的区别仅在于,将步骤(9)中的杂环芳胺化合物P001用等量的化合物A替换;其他制备步骤均相同。
应用对比例2
本应用对比例与应用例1的区别仅在于,将步骤(9)中的杂环芳胺化合物P001用等量的化合物B替换;其他制备步骤均相同。
应用对比例3
本应用对比例与应用例1的区别仅在于,将步骤(9)中的杂环芳胺化合物P001用等量的化合物C替换;其他制备步骤均相同。
OLED器件的性能评价:
用Keithley 2365A数字纳伏表测试OLED器件在不同电压下的电流,然后用电流除以发光面积得到OLED器件在不同电压下的电流密度;用Konicaminolta CS-2000分光辐射亮度计测试OLED器件在不同电压下的亮度和辐射能流密度;根据OLED器件在不同电压下的电流密度和亮度,得到在相同电流密度下(10mA/cm2)的启亮电压和电流效率(CE,Cd/A),Von为亮度1Cd/m2下的启亮电压;通过测量OLED器件的亮度达到初始亮度的95%时的时间而获得寿命LT95(在50mA/cm2测试条件下);具体数据如下表3所示。
表3
编号 | CPL材料 | 电流效率(cd/A) | LT95 |
应用例1 | P001 | 107% | 108% |
应用例2 | P019 | 108% | 105% |
应用例3 | P020 | 107% | 107% |
应用例4 | P054 | 106% | 110% |
应用例5 | P091 | 107% | 106% |
应用例6 | P123 | 106% | 107% |
应用例7 | P124 | 108% | 106% |
应用例8 | P137 | 109% | 105% |
应用例9 | P138 | 106% | 106% |
应用例10 | P139 | 107% | 105% |
应用例11 | P147 | 106% | 108% |
应用例12 | P148 | 106% | 108% |
应用例13 | P149 | 107% | 106% |
应用例14 | P150 | 105% | 105% |
应用例15 | P151 | 106% | 108% |
应用例16 | P156 | 107% | 106% |
应用例17 | P158 | 105% | 107% |
应用例18 | P180 | 109% | 106% |
应用对比例1 | 化合物A | 100% | 100% |
应用对比例2 | 化合物B | 105% | 104% |
应用对比例3 | 化合物C | 104% | 103% |
由表3的数据可得,相对于应用对比例1-3提供的OLED器件,以本发明提供的杂环芳胺化合物作为盖帽层材料,制备得到的OLED器件具有更高的电流效率,更长的寿命,其电流效率可提高5%~9%,寿命可提高5%~10%。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明提供的杂环芳胺化合物和有机电致发光器件,但本发明并不局限于上述工艺步骤,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述工艺步骤才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明所选用原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
Claims (12)
1.一种杂环芳胺化合物,其特征在于,所述杂环芳胺化合物具有如式I所示结构:
其中,Ar1具有如式II所示结构;
X1~X10各自独立地选自N或C-R′,R′选自-H、-D、卤素原子或氰基中的任意一种;
Y1选自O或S;
L1~L3各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的C6~C18亚芳基、取代或未取代的C3~C18亚杂芳基中的任意一种;
L1~L3中所述取代的取代基各自独立地选自D、卤素原子或氰基中的至少一种;
Ar2和Ar3各自独立地选自取代或未取代的C6~C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3~C30杂芳基中的任意一种;
Ar2和Ar3中所述取代的取代基各自独立地选自D、卤素原子、氰基或C1~C5烷基中的至少一种;
Ar1、Ar2、Ar3中至少包括一个氮原子。
4.根据权利要求1所述的杂环芳胺化合物,其特征在于,所述C6~C18亚芳基选自亚苯基、亚萘基、亚蒽基或亚菲基中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的杂环芳胺化合物,其特征在于,所述C3~C18的亚杂芳基选自亚呋喃基、亚噻吩基、亚吡咯基、亚吡啶基、亚吡喃基、亚嘧啶基、亚吡嗪基、亚哒嗪基、亚三嗪基、亚萘基、亚喹啉基、亚喹喔啉基、亚异喹啉基、亚喹唑啉基中的任意一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的杂环芳胺化合物,其特征在于,所述L1~L3各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基;
亚苯基和亚萘基中所述取代的取代基各自独立地选自D、卤素原子或氰基中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的杂环芳胺化合物,其特征在于,所述C6~C30芳基选自苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、芘基、苝基、苯并菲基、苯并芘基、苯并蒽基中的任意一种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的杂环芳胺化合物,其特征在于,所述C3~C30杂芳基选自呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、吡啶基、吡喃基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、三嗪基、萘基、喹啉基、喹喔啉基、异喹啉基、喹唑啉基、吖啶基、咔唑基、吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、2-N-杂二苯并呋喃或2-N-杂二苯并噻吩中的任意一种。
11.一种有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述有机电致发光器件包括依次叠加设置的阳极、有机薄膜层和阴极,以及位于阴极远离阳极一侧的盖帽层;
所述盖帽层材料中含有至少一种如权利要求1-10任一项所述的杂环芳胺化合物。
12.一种显示面板,其特征在于,所述显示面板包括如权利要求11所述的有机电致发光器件。
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