CN114984232A - 一种疫苗耐热冻干保护剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种疫苗耐热冻干保护剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种疫苗耐热冻干保护剂及其制备方法和应用,所述耐热冻干保护剂包括A溶液和B溶液,每升所述A溶液由以下组分组成:NZ‑胺35~40g、谷氨酸钠3~4g、蔗糖300~330g、水解乳蛋白20~30g、Vit C3~3.3g、100×蛋白酶抑制剂48~52ml。本冻干保护剂在病毒冻干过程中冻干损失极小,冻干前后几乎无病毒损失,毒种冻干后保存时间长,在2~8℃静置保存42个月损失不超过0.5log10;冻干保护剂对毒种的耐老化具有很好的抵抗作用;此外,对室温条件下的病毒保护也具有良好的作用,可延长毒种在室温条件下的存活时间,避免细胞源毒种中蛋白酶的降解作用,在临床使用过程中具有重要意义,可提升操作的便捷性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于疫苗保存技术领域,涉及一种疫苗耐热冻干保护剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
活疫苗从出厂到使用,一般都要经过冷藏运输和冷冻保存,冷藏是指在2~8℃,冷冻一般是指在-15℃,它们链接起来称为“冷链”。只要有一个环节未达到“冷链”的要求,疫苗效价就会降低甚至失效。为了解决疫苗失活,造成免疫失败的问题,耐热冻干保护剂发挥了很大的作用。
国内目前研制的耐热冻干保护剂已经成功应用于禽用鸡猪用活疫苗上,王栋主持设计的国家攀登计划项目,研制的鸡新城疫LaSota株、鸡马立克氏病火鸡疱疹病毒、鸡传染性法氏囊中等毒力B 87株、鸡传染性支气管炎、猪瘟淋脾毒及细胞毒和鸡痘耐热保护剂活疫苗,疫苗可在2~8℃保存24个月;主要成分有大分子物质、小分子物质和抗氧化剂。张云浦等研制的鸡传染性法氏囊,鸡传染性支气管炎,鸡传染性喉气管炎,鸡痘等多种冻干活疫苗的耐热保护剂,在2~8℃条件保存30个月,其疫苗效价稳定和对动物免疫效果均达到国外同类疫苗的水平。林泽培等以鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎二联耐热保护剂冻干活疫苗的冷冻干燥试验为例,描述了冻干耐热保护剂冻干活疫苗时的工艺改进过程,获得了较佳冻干工艺曲线。南京天邦生物科技有限公司研制的耐热冻干保护剂显示出了优良的耐热冻干效果。
但是目前毒种冻干后在2~8℃保存时仍存在以下缺陷:(1)保存时间比较短;(2)毒种复溶后一旦耽搁使用在2~8℃和室温时病毒活性下降比较快,在临床使用过程中,由于养殖人员专业技术参差不齐,且养殖圈舍温度一般都偏高,复溶后一旦不能及时用尽,毒种活力会下降很快,对于活苗的使用效果会大大折扣。
例如,申请公布号为CN103341176A的发明专利公开了一种冻干保护剂,该冻干保护剂是由如下质量体积百分比浓度的物质组成的: 2.4~4%NZ-胺、0.3~0.5%谷氨酸单钾盐、20~25%蔗糖、1.5~2.5%水解乳蛋白、4~6%水解明胶;余量为水。采用该冻干保护剂冻干鸡新城疫活苗(La Sota株),冻干复溶后损失在0.2~0.5lgEID50/ml,存在较大的抗原冻干损失。且冻干后的疫苗在37℃的耐老化试验中表现并不突出,常规冻干保护剂7天耐老化损失约为0.6lgTCID50,该保护剂为0.4~0.5lgTCID50。另外,冻干后的疫苗在复溶后2~8℃保存效果也较差,24h损失约为1.0~1.2lg;室温静置24h损失约为1.5~1.9l g。
发明内容
针对上述疫苗耐热冻干保护剂存在的诸多问题,本发明提供了一种新的疫苗耐热冻干保护剂,该冻干保护剂对病毒保存时间比较长,且毒种复溶后一旦耽搁使用在2~8℃和室温时病毒活性下降较慢,以确保活苗的使用效果。
为了实现上述目的,本发明一方面提供一种疫苗耐热冻干保护剂,其特征在于,所述耐热冻干保护剂包括A溶液和B溶液,每升所述A 溶液由以下组分组成:
100×蛋白酶抑制剂48~52ml。
优选地,所述B溶液为浓度为200-300g/L的明胶溶液。
优选地,每升所述A溶液中由以下组分组成:
100×蛋白酶抑制剂48~52ml。
优选地,每升所述A溶液中由以下组分组成:
100×蛋白酶抑制剂50ml。
优选地,所述A溶液与B溶液的体积比为4:1。
本发明第二方面提供一种疫苗耐热冻干保护剂的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、称取NZ-胺、谷氨酸钠和水解乳蛋白依次溶解在温度为30~40℃水中,得溶液1;
S2、称取蔗糖溶解在温度为50~60℃注射用水中,然后过滤取上清液加入至溶液1中,得溶液2;
S3、称取Vit C溶液于常温水溶液中,得溶液3;
S4、将所述溶液2和溶液3混匀,并在其中添加100×蛋白酶抑制剂并用孔径≤0.22微米的无菌滤膜过滤除菌,即得A溶液。
进一步地,所述制备方法还包括S5、称取明胶至温度为50~60℃注射用水中,溶解后灭菌得B溶液。
更进一步地,所述制备方法还包括S6、将所述A溶液与所述B溶液以体积比为4:1混匀后,即得。
本发明第三方面提供一种由上述述制备方法制得的疫苗耐热冻干保护剂。
本发明第四方面提供一种上述疫苗耐热冻干保护剂在疫苗保存中的应用。
通过上述技术方案,本发明实现了以下有益效果:
1、本发明的冻干保护剂病毒保存时间长,即使保存42个月后病毒含量的损失也很少。
2、本发明的冻干保护剂具有很好的降低病毒损失的作用,且冻干保护剂在冻干前后几乎无病毒损失,此外,冻干保护剂对毒种的耐老化具有很好的抵抗作用。
3、本发明的冻干保护剂对室温条件下的病毒保护也具有良好的作用,可延长毒种在室温条件下的存活时间,避免细胞源毒种中蛋白酶的降解作用,在临床使用过程中具有重要意义,可提升操作的便捷性。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,因此只是作为示例,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。需要注意的是,除非另有说明,本申请使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域技术人员所理解的通常意义。
实施例
本发明冻干保护剂的配制方法包括如下步骤:
S1、称取NZ-胺38.5g、谷氨酰胺3.5g和水解乳蛋白25g依次溶解在温度为30~40℃的300ml水中,获得溶液1。
S2、称取蔗糖320g溶解在温度为50~60℃的300ml注射用水中, 0.22um滤膜过滤除菌,然后全部加入到溶液1中获得溶液2;
S3、称取VitC 3.125g溶解在300ml常温注射用水中,0.22um滤膜过滤除菌,获得溶液3;
S4、将溶液2(约600ml)和溶液3(约300ml)混匀,加入无菌过滤的100×蛋白酶抑制剂50ml,用无菌常温注射用水定容至 1000ml,获得溶液A。
S5、称取水解明胶200g用70~80℃注射用水300ml溶解后121℃高压灭菌30min,冷却至室温备用,获得溶液B。
S6、将改良的溶液A和溶液B按体积比为4:1比例进行配制,获得冻干保护剂。
对比例
冻干保护剂的配制方法包括如下步骤:
S1、称取NZ-胺38.5g、谷氨酰胺3.5g和水解乳蛋白25g依次溶解在温度为30~40℃的300ml水中,获得溶液1。
S2、称取蔗糖320g溶解在温度为50~60℃的300ml注射用水中, 0.22um过滤除菌,全部加入到溶液1中获得溶液2,用无菌注射用水定容至1000ml,获得溶液A。
S3、称取水解明胶200g用70~80℃注射用水300ml溶解后121℃高压灭菌30min,冷却至室温备用,获得溶液B。
S4、将溶液A和溶液B按体积比为4:1比例进行配制,获得冻干保护剂。
性能检测
1、鸡新城疫抗原La Sota株胚毒和禽流感(H9亚型)WJ100株细胞毒的制备
取鸡新城疫La Sota株毒种,病毒含量为108.4EID50/0.2ml,用无菌生理盐水作10-4~10-5稀释后经尿囊腔接种10~11日龄SPF鸡胚, 0.2ml/枚;接种后置于37℃孵育,剔除24h死亡鸡胚,收获72~120h 死亡且病痕明显的鸡胚,置于2~8℃冷却4~24h,分别无菌收获尿囊液,装于灭菌容器内,测定HA(红细胞凝集价)不低于1:512样品混合后经0.22um无菌滤器过滤除菌,置于-20℃备用;取小样测定病毒含量。
取悬浮培养72h、细胞密度不低于8×106个/ml且显微镜下呈圆形透亮、单一存在的MDCK-10细胞,用MS01培养基作10倍稀释后置于37℃、含5%CO2细胞培养箱中振荡培养72h,此时细胞密度应不低于8×106个/ml且显微镜下呈圆形透亮;加入等体积的MS01培养基,同时加入TPCK-胰酶,使其终浓度为5ug/ml,按终体积比为1/10000比例接种禽流感(H9亚型)WJ100株毒种,病毒含量为 108.25TCID50/ml;接种后置于33℃、含5%CO2细胞培养箱中振荡培养 72h左右,HA不低于9log2且细胞活力下降至40~50%左右时收获抗原,反复冻融2次,置于-20℃备用;取小样测定病毒含量。
2、毒种的冻干
取上述实施例和对比例制得的冻干保护剂,均添加4倍体积的待冻干抗原,混匀后分装成2.0ml/瓶。
按上述方法对病毒含量为108.5EID50/0.2ml的鸡新城疫病毒La Sota株和病毒含量为108.5TCID50/ml的禽流感(H9亚型)WJ100株进行冻干,冻干曲线和条件见表1。
表1耐热曲线
3、冻干毒种的检验
3.1冻干前后病毒损失
鸡新城疫病毒含量检测方法(EID50):
将毒种分别用无菌生理盐水作10倍稀释,取10-6、10-7、10-8、10-9 4个稀释度,各经尿囊腔接种10~11日龄SPF鸡胚5枚,每胚0.1ml,置 36~37℃继续孵育,每日照胚2次,剔除24h内死亡鸡胚,连续观察5 日,无论死胚活胚均应测定血凝价,血凝价≥1:128(微量法)者判为感染,计算病毒含量(EID50)。
禽流感病毒含量检测方法(TCID50):用无血清的DMEM培养基将毒种作10倍系列稀释,取10-5、10-6、10-7、10-8 4个稀释度置于 2~8℃备用;将已长成单层、密度约90%的MDCK-10细胞96孔细胞培养板弃去上清,用无菌PBS洗涤2次后接种稀释好的样品,0.1ml/ 孔,6孔重复,同时设正常细胞对照组;每孔补加0.1ml含4%FBS、 10ug/ml TPCK胰酶的DMEM培养基,控制每孔TPCK胰酶终浓度为 5ug/ml;置33℃、含5%CO2细胞培养箱中培养72h;取各孔培养液用1.0%的鸡红血球悬液测定血凝价HA,有血凝即判为感染,统计各稀释度感染情况,根据Reed-Muench法计算毒种的病毒含量。结果如表2所示。
表2实施例和对比例冻干保护剂关键指标对比
注:毒种与保护剂按体积比为4:1比例混匀后,毒种相当于稀释了20%,所以鸡新城疫病毒含量 108.4EID50/0.2ml;禽流感理论病毒含量108.4TCID50/ml。
根据表2的结果显示,抗原和保护剂按体积比为4:1比例混匀保护剂后,新城疫病毒含量理论值为108.4/0.2ml,禽流感病毒含量理论值为108.4/ml;采用对比例制得的冻干保护剂冻干后病毒含量为 108.0/0.2ml和108.0/ml,采用实施例制得的冻干保护剂冻干后病毒含量为108.3/0.2ml和108.4/ml,可见相对于对比例,本发明实施例制得的冻干保护剂对降低病毒损失具有很好的作用,且冻干保护剂在冻干前后几乎无病毒损失;实施例冻干保护剂的水分含量较对比例低,但两者之间无明显差异;性状均为海绵状疏松团块、均呈紫色光辉,真空度均符合相关标准。
3.2 37℃耐老化试验
取上述冻干毒种,毒种于冻干出柜当日放置在37℃条件下静置、避光保存;分别于保存至第7日和第10日取样,复溶后对病毒含量、真空度、水分等进行检测,结果分别如表3和表4所示。
表3鸡新城疫耐老化试验结果
表4禽流感冻干毒耐老化试验结果
根据表3和表4的结果显示,使用对比例的冻干保护剂进行保护的病毒,37℃静置7日,病毒损失约0.3lg(鸡新城疫病毒)和0.4lg (禽流感病毒),静置10日,病毒损失约0.6lg(鸡新城疫病毒)和 0.7lg(禽流感病毒);而采用实施例的冻干保护剂进行保护的病毒, 37℃静置7日仅仅损失0.2lg(鸡新城疫病毒、禽流感病毒),静置 10日病毒损失约0.5lg(鸡新城疫病毒)和0.4lg(禽流感病毒);其余监测指标均基本一致。可见,相较对比例,实施例的冻干保护剂对毒种的耐老化的抵抗作用更好。
3.3 2~8℃冻干状态下保存
取上述冻干毒种,毒种于冻干出柜当日放置在2~8℃条件下静置、避光保存;分别于保存至第12月、18月、24月、30月、36月和42 月取样,复溶后对病毒含量、真空度、水分等进行检测,结果分别如表5和表6所示。
表5鸡新城疫病毒2~8℃静置保存试验
表6禽流感病毒2~8℃静置保存试验
根据表5的结果显示,采用对比例的冻干保护剂冻干的鸡新城疫病毒疫苗在2~8℃静置保存12个月、24个月、36个月和42个月时分别损失0.1lg、0.4lg、0.8lg和1.0lg病毒含量;而采用实施例的冻干保护剂冻干的鸡新城疫病毒疫苗在2~8℃静置保存12个月、24个月、36个月和42个月时分别损失0、0.1lg、0.3lg和0.4lg病毒含量。
根据表6的结果显示,采用对比例的冻干保护剂冻干的禽流感病毒疫苗在2~8℃静置保存12个月、24个月、36个月和42个月时分别损失0.1lg、0.5lg、1.0lg和1.2lg病毒含量;而采用实施例的冻干保护剂冻干的禽流感病毒疫苗在2~8℃静置保存12个月、24个月、36个月和42个月时分别损失0、0.1lg、0.3lg和0.4lg病毒含量。
其余检测项目基本一致,除了剩余水分随着保存时间的延长,水分含量在慢慢增加;两种配方保存42个月复溶时任表现良好,疫苗均快速溶解、无团块。
3.4溶解状态下2~8℃和25℃(常温)保存
取上述冻干毒种,毒种于冻干出柜当日取出后用无菌常温注射1.0ml溶解,溶解后分别置于2~8℃和25℃静置避光保存,每间隔 12h测定一次病毒含量,以此模拟临床使用过程中抗原在冰浴和常温条件下病毒下降速度,结果如表7所示。
表7溶解状态下2~8℃和25℃(常温)保存试验
从表7可以看出,鸡新城疫抗原在2~8℃静置保存12h时,采用对比例和实施例的冻干保护剂病毒分别降低0.5lg和0.4lg,24h时分别降低1.0lg和1.0lg。因为鸡新城疫抗原为鸡胚液,且抗原处于2~8℃,抗原中存在的各类蛋白酶含量低且活性低。
鸡新城疫抗原在室温(25℃)静置保存12h时,采用对比例和实施例的冻干保护剂病毒分别降低0.9lg和0.5lg,24h时分别降低1.5lg 和1.3lg;当温度较高时,实施例中的冻干保护剂的保护剂明显优于对比例。
禽流感抗原在2~8℃静置保存12h时,采用对比例和实施例的冻干保护剂病毒分别降低0.6lg和0.5lg,24h时分别降低1.2lg和1.1lg。虽然抗原中存在着MDCK-10细胞的裂解液,但此时抗原处于2~8℃保存,各类蛋白酶的活性不高,因此难以体现加入蛋白酶抑制剂的使用效果,但总体而言,实施例中冻干保护剂的保护效果要优于对比例。
禽流感抗原在室温静置保存12h时,采用对比例和实施例的冻干保护剂病毒分别降低1.0lg和0.6lg,24h时分别降低1.9lg和1.4lg。此时因为抗原液处于25℃常温,细胞裂解液中释放的各类蛋白酶开始快速降解病毒粒子,实施例中的冻干保护剂因为加入了蛋白酶抑制剂,因此病毒活性下降较对比例下降缓慢。
由此可知:当冻干毒种为鸡胚尿囊液等一类不含细胞裂解产物的病毒粒子时,溶解后在2~8℃保存12h内,本发明实施例中的冻干保护剂中仅VitC存在一定抗氧化作用,在生产上抗原溶解后一般会在 2~4h内完全用尽,因此使用实施例和对比例的冻干保护剂差异并不是很大。但当毒种为细胞源抗原,特别是胞内毒需要裂解细胞获得抗原时,使用本发明实施例中的冻干保护剂则优点显著,特别是在室温条件下,实施例中的冻干毒种的活力下降速度明显低于对比例;这在实际临床使用过程中具有很大意义的,因为实际养殖过程中,鸡舍内温度一般普遍较高,且毒种溶解后在使用过程中难以维持2~8℃的温度。
3.5 SPF鸡的安检
取上述冻干毒种,毒种于冻干出柜当日取出后用无菌常温注射 1.0ml溶解,溶解后作10倍稀释后分别接种10只7~11日龄的SPF 鸡,观察SPF鸡接种后14日内临床反应和注射部位发炎和结痂情况。
结果显示,采用对比例和实施例的冻干保护剂病毒的冻干保护剂冻干的毒种接种SPF鸡,14日内均未出现因为注射毒种(La Sota株或WJ100株)而出现全身或局部不良反应。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的疫苗耐热冻干保护剂,其特征在于,所述B溶液为浓度为200~300g/L的明胶溶液。
5.根据权利要求1所述的疫苗耐热冻干保护剂,其特征在于,所述A溶液与B溶液的体积比为4:1。
6.权利要求1-5任一所述的疫苗耐热冻干保护剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、称取NZ-胺、谷氨酸钠和水解乳蛋白依次溶解在温度为30~40℃水中,得溶液1;
S2、称取蔗糖溶解在温度为50~60℃注射用水中,然后过滤取上清液加入至溶液1中,得溶液2;
S3、称取Vit C溶液于常温水溶液中得溶液3;
S4、将所述溶液2和溶液3混匀,并在其中添加100×的蛋白酶抑制剂,并用孔径≤0.22微米的滤膜过滤,即得A溶液。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法还包括S5、称取明胶至温度为50~60℃注射用水中,溶解后灭菌得B溶液。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法还包括S6、将所述A溶液与所述B溶液以体积比为4:1混匀后,即得。
9.一种权利要求6-8任一所述制备方法制得的疫苗耐热冻干保护剂。
10.权利要求1-4任一所述的疫苗耐热冻干保护剂或权利要求9所述的疫苗耐热冻干保护剂在疫苗保存中的应用。
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CN103301453A (zh) * | 2013-07-03 | 2013-09-18 | 青岛易邦生物工程有限公司 | 一种猪繁殖与呼吸综合征冻干疫苗及其制备方法 |
US20210170019A1 (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2021-06-10 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Dry adjuvanted immune stimulating compositions and use thereof for mucosal administration |
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