CN114949020A - 一种用于治疗青光眼的三七花提取物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗青光眼的三七花提取物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于治疗青光眼的三七花提取物,及其在制备治疗青光眼的药物中的应用。所述三七花提取物药效成分质量组成为:总人参皂苷含量55%~74%,总黄酮含量26%~45%,总人参皂苷+总黄酮>95%。本发明的有益效果主要体现在:本发明提供了一种三七花提取物,杂质成分少,产品质量稳定、可控;本发明三七花提取物可用于青光眼的治疗,包括眼压持续升高、青光眼引起视网膜细胞病变、青光眼引发的视神经萎缩等;本发明三七花提取物为纯天然植物提取物,相对于一线治疗的化学制剂,安全性更高,副作用更小。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于治疗青光眼的三七花提取物,及其在制备治疗青光眼的药物中的应用。
背景技术
青光眼,是一种全世界范围内的主要致盲眼病。高眼压是青光眼最主要的危险诱因。眼压越高,高眼压持续时间越长,眼压波动越大导致视神经损伤的危险性越大。同时,青光眼引起视网膜神经节细胞发生进行性死亡,导致视神经纤维丧失,视网膜神经节细胞的死亡是导致视神经功能损伤的主要机制。青光眼治疗的目标为阻止视神经损伤,保护视神经功能。治疗青光眼的方法为降低眼压,减缓视神经损害,加强视神经保护越来越受到关注。
青光眼是全球范围内第二大致盲性眼病,仅次于白内障。据流行病学研究得知,到2023年时,全球青光眼患者将达到9000多万,而致盲人数可能会突破2000万。对1800例青光眼患者的流行病学调查分析显示,原发性青光眼患者在 所有青光眼住院患者中占大多数,约为 62.8%,继发性青光眼患者占所有青光眼住院患者的比重略低,为 30.8%,先天性青光眼患者占比最低,仅占 6.4%。青光眼患者在持续高眼压的作用下会导致视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cell,RGC)发生凋亡并最终造成视神经损害。
随着对青光眼病研究的不断深入,临床发现绝大多数青光眼患者视野缩小、视力下降,眼压上升。随着年龄的增加,患青光眼的几率也会提高。严重情况下,患者甚至会失明。
近年来,由于青光眼患者的数量迅速增加,病症呈现多元化、复杂化趋势。而临床常用药物虽然种类繁多,但大多存在用药剂量很难控制,长期使用会存在不良反应,疗效不明显,价格较高等问题。随着药物的大量服用,越来越多的患者对药物的耐受性不断提高,只能加大服药剂量或者换服新药,治疗成本随之上升,且副作用增大。
随着中药研究的日益深入,各种中药治疗青光眼的机理不断被阐明,中药治疗青光眼药效的开发成为热点。三七花作为传统中药,具有清热平肝、生津止渴、活血化瘀等功效,适用于头晕、 目眩、耳鸣等症治疗中,其药理作用广,副作用少,治疗效果持久且稳定。三七花中含有多种活性成分,包括目前为止已在其中发现了包括人参皂苷Rbl、Rb2、Rb3、Rc、Rd等在内的数十种皂苷成分,其中人参皂苷Rb3和Rc的含量最高。此外,三七花中的化学成分还包括黄酮类、多糖类、挥发油类及无机物等。目前已有报道的三七花提取物具有一定的抗高眼压的作用,但其单独应用效果不佳。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种用于治疗青光眼的三七花提取物,及其在制备治疗青光眼的药物中的应用。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种用于治疗青光眼的三七花提取物,其药效成分质量组成为:总人参皂苷含量55% ~ 74%,总黄酮含量26%~45%,总人参皂苷+总黄酮>95%;所述三七花提取物按如下方法制备获得:
(1)三七花晒干、粉碎后,用5~10倍质量的50~80%乙醇溶液提取2~3次,每次1~2小时,获得提取液;
(2)减压浓缩回收提取液(旋转蒸发仪,浓缩至原体积的50~60%)至黑色黏稠状浸膏;
(3)浸膏冷却至低于8℃,用3~8倍质量的水浸提浸膏,浸提时间为10~48小时;
(4)浸提液过滤,滤液用大孔树脂吸附分离,用35%~75%乙醇溶液进行洗脱,获得洗脱液;
(5)洗脱液干燥,即得所述三七花提取物。
优选的,所述三七花提取物药效成分质量组成为:总人参皂苷含量 55%,总黄酮含量43%,总人参皂苷 %+ 总黄酮 %=98%。
本发明还涉及所述的三七花提取物在制备治疗青光眼的药物中的应用。
具体的,所述药物为治疗眼持续性高眼压的药物,或青光眼引起的视网膜病变的药物,或青光眼引起的视神经病变的药物。
本发明三七花提取物,对青光眼大鼠眼压升高、视网膜组织形态、视神经细胞微结构的实验结果显示,该提取物可以降低高眼压、改善视网膜组织形态和视神经微结构改变,其作用机制为:通过降低眼压有效地改善视神经细胞凋亡导致的视神经损害。
实验发现,当三七花提取物的药效成分质量组成如下 :总人参皂苷含量为55%,总黄酮含量为43%,总人参皂苷 %+ 总黄酮 %=98% 时,对大鼠由于青光眼导致的高眼压有明显的降眼压作用。三七花提取物以40mg/kg、80mg/kg 浓度灌胃4周,与模型组相比,能降低大鼠高眼压状态,有显著性统计学意义 (P<0.01);对青光眼大鼠视网膜组织形态的影响试验结果显示,采用三七花提取物干预后的青光眼大鼠能在一定程度改善视网膜混乱结构的情况,且采用三七花提取物干预后的大鼠降低眼压的水平显著优于其他组。
韩华云等研究三七总苷对持续性高眼压大鼠RGCL神经元有部分保护作用;但本申请发明人发现,只有从原生药材三七花中提取到的成分同时包含三七总皂苷和总黄酮,且三七总皂苷含量为55%,总黄酮含量为43%时,才能达到显著的抗青光眼作用;而韩华云等研究报道的这种三七总苷中并不含黄酮成分,其抗青光眼效果并不好。
本发明的有益效果主要体现在:本发明提供了一种三七花提取物,杂质成分少,产品质量稳定、可控;本发明三七花提取物可用于青光眼的治疗,包括眼压持续升高、青光眼引起视网膜细胞病变、青光眼引发的视神经萎缩等;本发明三七花提取物为纯天然植物提取物,相对于一线治疗的化学制剂,安全性更高,副作用更小。
附图说明
图1为各组大鼠视网膜HE染色结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
实施例1:活性实验用药
药物1三七花提取物(本发明的提取物):药效成分组成为总人参皂苷含量为55%(w/w),总黄酮含量为43%(w/w),总人参皂苷 %+ 总黄酮 %=98%;按如下方法制备:
(1)三七花经干燥粉碎后,用乙醇溶液65%(v/v)提取,共提取3次,每次1小时,每次乙醇溶液用量为三七花的10倍。
(2)回收提取液至黑色黏稠状浸膏,该黑色黏稠状浸膏在50℃时,相对密度为1.15~1.35。
(3)浸膏冷藏6h以上,至4℃后,用0~4℃水浸提24~48h,水的用量为浸膏的8倍。
(4)浸提液过滤,滤液用HPD417大孔树脂吸附,水洗后,用乙醇溶液50%(v/v)洗脱,获得洗脱液;
(5)洗脱液干燥后即得三七花提取物。
药物2 三七总苷:含三七总苷95%(成都植标化纯生物技术有限公司,产品编号:PCS0841)。
药物3 三七总黄酮提取物:含三七总黄酮95%(成都艾博克生物科技有限公司,产品编号:AB1105)。
实施例2:青光眼大鼠模型的制作
健康SD大鼠,饲养一星期以适应环境。将大鼠于造模前5分钟用托吡卡胺滴眼液扩瞳。大鼠以异氟烷吸入麻醉放置在自制手术台上,以左眼为对照眼,右眼为实验眼,用微量进样器注射卡波姆溶液至前房,完毕后,先用医用棉签压住穿刺口,接着迅速抽出针头,用棉签继续压穿刺口分钟。对侧眼单纯进行前房穿刺,作为实验对照。术后双眼滴入诺氟沙星滴眼液。确定青光眼大鼠模型成功后,分成7组,每组10只,分别为正常组,模型组,药物1组(高、低剂量),药物2组,药物3组,阳性药组。每周测眼压和测定大鼠的体重。给药30天后处死大鼠,将眼球取出,并妥善保存用于之后的实验分析。
灌胃给药:药物1以40mg/kg(低剂量)、80mg/kg(高剂量)浓度灌胃给药;药物2组以80mg/kg灌胃给药;药物3组以80mg/kg灌胃给药;阳性药马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液,3滴/d;正常组和模型组灌胃生理盐水。各组大鼠持续给药30天。
实施例3:各组药物对大鼠眼压的影响
使用Icare眼压计测量眼压,全部眼压的测量均由同一人员在每天相同的时间段内测量。记录3次眼压,并计算出3次眼压测量的平均值。
表1数据显示,三七花提取物用药前,各组青光眼大鼠眼压值无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明大鼠眼压在用药前处于同一水平。三七花提取物分别用药7天、14天、30天后,药物1与模型组相比,均能降低青光眼大鼠眼压,有显著性统计学意义(P<0.01);但药物2(三七总苷)与药物3(三七总黄酮)分别用药并不能降低青光眼大鼠的眼压,与模型组比较,没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。因此,本发明提供的三七花提取物(药物1)可降低青光眼大鼠高眼压。
表1:各组药物对青光眼大鼠眼压的影响
组别 | n | 造模前 | 给药第7天 | 给药第14天 | 给药第30天 |
正常组 | 10 | 7.3±1.06 | 8.4±1.28 | 8±0.75 | 8.7±1.33 |
模型组 | 10 | 7.1±1.1 | 19.4±5.04<sup>##</sup> | 18.2±3.55<sup>##</sup> | 18.9±2.6<sup>##</sup> |
药物1低剂量组 | 10 | 7.2±1.23 | 14.8±1.75<sup>**</sup> | 12±1.00<sup>*</sup> | 12.55±1.42<sup>**</sup> |
药物1提取物高剂量组 | 10 | 7.7±1.82 | 13.9±1.45<sup>**</sup> | 10.9±0.78<sup>**</sup> | 10.62±1.68<sup>**</sup> |
药物2组 | 10 | 7.3±1.02 | 18.3±0.97 | 17.6±1.05 | 17.8±1.33 |
药物3组 | 10 | 7.1±1.20 | 17.9±1.33 | 17.5±0.98 | 17.2±1.46 |
阳性药组 | 10 | 7.2±0.79 | 13.2±2.96<sup>**</sup> | 10.6±1.35<sup>**</sup> | 11.6±2.46<sup>**</sup> |
实施例4:各组药物对青光眼大鼠视网膜的影响
给药结束后处死各组大鼠。充分暴露心脏开始灌注10%多聚甲醛,直至右心耳流出清亮的液体。约灌注多聚甲醛溶液100ml后,幵始摘除眼球在多聚甲醛溶液中固定48小时后,石蜡包埋,进行切片和苏木精-伊红(HE)染色。使用光学显微镜对大鼠眼球切片的视网膜拍照。
结果如图1所示,青光眼模型的高眼压使视网膜神经产生压迫性损伤,造成神经节细胞减少,产生大量空泡性结构(图1中绿色箭头所示),HE染色不均匀。正常对照组视神经纤维排列整齐紧密,无炎性细胞;青光眼模型组的视神经纤维排列不整齐。药物1(三七花提取物)能在一定程度改善青光眼大鼠视网膜混乱结构,恢复大鼠高眼压状态下造成的视网膜神经节细胞凋亡的改变,且纤维间质少见水肿与空泡;但药物2(三七总苷)与药物3(三七总黄酮)分别用药并不能改善视网膜结构混乱的问题,如图1所示。说明本发明提供的三七花提取物(药物1)对青光眼的模型大鼠有显著的改善作用。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于治疗青光眼的三七花提取物,其药效成分质量组成为:总人参皂苷含量55% ~ 74%,总黄酮含量26%~45%,总人参皂苷+总黄酮>95%;所述三七花提取物按如下方法制备获得:
三七花晒干、粉碎后,用5~10倍质量的50~80%乙醇溶液提取2~3次,每次1~2小时,获得提取液;
减压浓缩回收提取液至黑色黏稠状浸膏;
浸膏冷却至低于8℃,用3~8倍质量的水浸提浸膏,浸提时间为10~48小时;
浸提液过滤,滤液用大孔树脂吸附分离,用35%~75%乙醇溶液进行洗脱,获得洗脱液;
洗脱液干燥,即得所述三七花提取物。
2.如权利要求1所述的三七花提取物,其特征在于所述三七花提取物药效成分质量组成为:总人参皂苷含量 55%,总黄酮含量43%。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的三七花提取物在制备治疗青光眼的药物中的应用。
4.如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于所述药物为治疗持续性高眼压的药物。
5.如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于所述药物为青光眼引起的视网膜病变的药物。
6.如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于所述药物为青光眼引起的视神经病变的药物。
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