CN114946724A - In-situ purification ecological breeding method for macrobrachium rosenbergii - Google Patents
In-situ purification ecological breeding method for macrobrachium rosenbergii Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an in-situ purification ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii, which comprises the steps of breeding field preparation, fry putting, breeding management, fishing and the like. According to the invention, by optimizing the combination and layout of multiple varieties of aquatic weeds and matching with scientific cultivation management, water does not need to be changed in the cultivation period process, the survival rate of seedlings is improved, and the cultivation environment is improved. Compared with the traditional intensive culture of the macrobrachium rosenbergii pond, the invention improves the culture environment by introducing various aquatic weeds to match with and absorb the nutritive salt in the water body; compared with ectopic purification modes such as circulating water culture, artificial wetland purification and the like, the method does not additionally increase the ecological restoration purification area, and reduces the operation and maintenance cost; compared with the current in-situ purification modes of shrimp and crab polyculture, shrimp and fish intercropping and the like, the invention improves the survival rate of the offspring seeds by optimizing the combination and layout of the aquatic plants. The method is particularly suitable for the culture of the macrobrachium rosenbergii in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river by taking families as units.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an in-situ purification ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture.
Background
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), also called freshwater Macrobrachium nipponensis, is a large freshwater shrimp in tropical and subtropical waters of native southeast Asia, and has the advantages of fast growth, large individual, wide eating quality, short production period and the like, thereby having important economic value. Large-scale artificial breeding is carried out in Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei and other provinces.
At present, under the drive of market benefits, farmers usually improve the yield and the profit through high-density intensive cultivation and extensive investment, but a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus nutritive salts are easily generated in the high-density cultivation process to cause eutrophication of cultivation water bodies, blue algae frequently occur in high-temperature seasons to cause oxygen deficiency of the water bodies and increase of toxic and harmful substances, certain influence is caused on the cultivation water body environment to different degrees, the seedling quality is unstable, the quality and the taste of commercial shrimps are reduced, and the cultivation income of shrimp farmers is damaged. With the increase of the ecological environment protection and the improvement of the discharge standard of the culture tail water, the conversion of the existing culture mode is urgently needed, and the way of ecological sustainable development is taken.
At present, two emission reduction modes of ecological ectopic restoration and in-situ restoration are tried to be explored. Although the ex-situ remediation mode can effectively improve the aquaculture water environment, the early investment and the later operation and maintenance cost are higher due to the need of an independent purification area and supporting facilities, and the ex-situ remediation mode is more suitable for the macrobrachium rosenbergii connected concentrated area. For a 'one family' macrobrachium rosenbergii culture mode taking a family as a unit, an in-situ restoration mode is more feasible, but the current in-situ restoration modes such as shrimp and crab mixed culture, shrimp and fish intercropping and the like have higher requirements on culture management, and the current in-situ restoration mode cannot effectively change the current situation of eutrophication of the culture water body of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, so that the further popularization and application of the macrobrachium rosenbergii culture mode are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the outstanding problem of high water body eutrophication in the intensive culture process of the macrobrachium rosenbergii in the prior art, and provides an in-situ purification ecological culture method of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, which can effectively improve the culture water environment and improve the survival rate of seedlings and does not need to change water in the culture process.
Technical scheme
An in-situ purification ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture site:
in month 2, draining accumulated water at the bottom of the pond after pond cleaning is finished, insolating for 10-15 days, removing sludge to renovate pond ridges, splashing quicklime full-pond water for disinfection, draining old pond water after 5 days, adding new water, then starting to plant waterweeds, planting hydrilla verticillata in the first ten days of month 4, planting eel grasses in the middle ten days of month 4, and controlling the total coverage of the waterweeds to be 50-60% of the culture area;
(2) and (3) seed putting:
putting macrobrachium rosenbergii fries in 4 last ten days, wherein the specification of the fries is 4-6 cm, and the putting density is 1-3 ten thousand tails per mu;
(3) cultivation management:
feeding the young shrimps on the next day after the young shrimps are fed, wherein artificial compound feed with the protein content of 35% -45% is taken as a main material, the feed is uniformly and dispersedly fed along the periphery of the pond, the feeding amount accounts for 3-5% of the weight of the young shrimps, the young shrimps are fed for 1-2 times every day, and the young shrimps are eaten within 2-3 hours;
in the culture process of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, attention is paid to water level control and water quality management, 100 kg/mu of quicklime is used for disinfection and bottom improvement every 15-30 d, calcium ions in water are increased, the molting growth of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is promoted, and the death of the macrobrachium rosenbergii due to the difficulty in molting is avoided; adjusting the water quality by using a microbial preparation every 15-20 days;
(4) fishing:
fishing from the last ten days of 9 months to the last ten days of 10 months, firstly pulling the net for fishing, and finally adopting a dry pond for fishing.
Further, in the step (1), when the waterweeds are planted, the water depth is controlled to be 10-15 cm, and the planting area of the waterweeds accounts for 10% -20% of the culture water surface; when the hydrilla verticillata is replanted, controlling the water depth to be 25-35 cm, wherein the planting area of the hydrilla verticillata accounts for 20% -30% of the culture water surface; when the tape grass is replanted, the water depth is controlled to be 40-50 cm, and the tape grass planting area accounts for 10% -20% of the culture water surface.
Further, in the step (1), hydrilla verticillata and elodea are planted at intervals, the row spacing of the hydrilla verticillata is 4 multiplied by 4 meters, the row spacing of the elodea verticillata is 4 multiplied by 4 meters, eel grass is sown between the hydrilla verticillata and the elodea verticillata in a rotation row, and a feeding esophagus with the width of 1-2 meters is reserved between the middle of the pond and the periphery of the pond.
Further, in the step (3), in the macrobrachium rosenbergii culture process, in seasons with sudden air temperature change and continuous high temperature, the EM bacterial liquid is uniformly sprinkled on the feed to be fed, is naturally dried for half an hour after being uniformly stirred, and is fed again, so that the feed utilization rate is improved, and the disease resistance and stress resistance of the cultured prawns are enhanced.
Further, in the step (3), in the middle and later stages of the macrobrachium rosenbergii cultivation, 1-3 kg/mu of black water is fed in a supplementary mode while the artificial compound feed is fed every day, so that the active animal bait is supplemented for the macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Further, in the step (3), 100 kg/mu of snails are thrown in the middle and later stages of the macrobrachium rosenbergii cultivation at one time, so that the animal feed is supplemented for the macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the water body purification effect is achieved.
Further, in the step (3), the water level control method includes: keeping shallow water level 30 in earlier stage of cultivation～50cm, promoting the growth of aquatic plants; injecting water for 10cm in 10-15 days before the middle stage of cultivation, ensuring that the distance between the grass head of the aquatic weeds and the water surface is 15-20 cm, and keeping the water level until the water level reaches 1 meter; and in the later culture period, a high-temperature period is adopted, water is injected for 10-15 cm every 10-15 days until the water level reaches 1.5 m, the water level is kept, and the head of the waterweed and the hydrilla verticillata which are exposed out of the water surface are cut off.
Further, in the step (3), in the culture process of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, controlling the water quality index: the transparency is 30-50 cm, the pH value is 7.0-9.0, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.5mg/L, and the nitroso salt is less than 0.02 mg/L.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an in-situ purification ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii, which improves the survival rate of seedlings and improves the breeding environment by optimizing the combination and layout of a plurality of varieties of aquatic weeds and matching with scientific breeding management without changing water in the process of a breeding period. Compared with the traditional pond intensive culture of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, the invention effectively improves the culture environment by introducing various aquatic weeds to match with and absorb the nutritive salt in the water body; compared with ex-situ purification modes such as circulating water culture, artificial wetland purification and the like, the method does not additionally increase the ecological restoration purification area, and reduces the operation and maintenance cost; compared with the in-situ purification modes of shrimp and crab polyculture, shrimp and fish intercropping and the like in the prior art, the invention improves the survival rate of the offspring seeds by optimizing the combination and layout of the aquatic plants. The method can effectively solve the outstanding problem of high water body eutrophication in the current intensive culture process of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, and is particularly suitable for the culture of the macrobrachium rosenbergii in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river (taking families as units).
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
An in-situ purification ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture site:
the method comprises the following steps that a breeding farm place is located in a Luo pond crayfish breeding area of the Zhenwu town of Yangzhou city Jiangdu, 3 breeding ponds are selected for parallel tests, the breeding area of each pond is 3 mu, 2021 year and 2 months, accumulated water at the bottom of each pond is drained after pond cleaning is finished, the pond is exposed for 10-15 days, sludge is removed to repair pond ridges, quicklime full-pond water is used for splashing and disinfecting, old water in the pond is drained after 5 days, new water is filled, the water depth is controlled to be 10-15 cm, then, Ile algae starts to be planted, and the planting area of the Ile algae accounts for 15% of the breeding water surface; planting hydrilla verticillata in the last ten days of 4 months, controlling the water depth to be 30cm when the hydrilla verticillata is planted, wherein the planting area of the hydrilla verticillata accounts for 25% of the culture water surface; planting the tape grass in the middle ten days of the month 4, controlling the water depth to be 45cm when the tape grass is planted, wherein the tape grass planting area accounts for 15% of the culture water surface, and the total coverage of the tape grass is controlled to be 55% of the culture area;
the aquatic plant planting layout scheme is as follows: the hydrilla verticillata and the elodea nutans are planted at intervals, the row spacing of the hydrilla verticillata is 4 meters multiplied by 4 meters, the row spacing of the elodea nutans is 4 meters multiplied by 4 meters, the eel grass is sown between the hydrilla verticillata and the elodea nutans, and a feeding esophagus with the width of 1-2 meters is reserved between the middle of a pond and the periphery of the pond;
the method for planting the waterweeds comprises the following steps: and (5) transplanting and cutting. After the pond is cleared, the elodea nuttallii is planted at the bottom of the greenhouse, fresh elodea nuttallii stems and leaves are bundled and planted according to the row spacing of 4 multiplied by 4 m, and the elodea nuttallii is inserted into the bottom of the mud by about 5cm or covered by bottom mud. Maintenance management: can germinate at the water temperature of 4 ℃ and start to grow normally at the temperature of 10 ℃, thereby providing a habitat environment and a bait source for the early-stage intensive cultivation of the macrobrachium rosenbergii in the greenhouse. In the middle and later period of cultivation, when the water temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the growth of the waterweed is basically stopped, the top end of the plant exposed out of the water surface is withered immediately, and the waterweed can be properly adjusted or removed in the period according to the cultivation density of the macrobrachium rosenbergii and the coverage of the waterweeds.
Planting hydrilla verticillata: and (6) planting spores. The hydrilla verticillata buds and the viscous bottom mud are wrapped, planting is carried out according to the row spacing of 4 m multiplied by 4 m, 3-5 spores per hole are sunk into the bottom of the pool, and the amount of the spores per mu is about 1 kg. Maintenance management: the leaf black algae grows after about 20 days, the water level is adjusted to 40 cm at the time, the water level is deepened gradually later, the water plants are not exposed out of the water surface, the leaf black algae grows to grow roots and leaves along with the rise of the water temperature, perching and baiting are provided for the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings, the leaf black algae is moved into a grass-keeping pond for temporary culture during the period of fishing and marketing, and spores are provided for the next leaf black algae planting.
The planting mode of the tape grass is as follows: and (4) a seeding method. After the hydrilla verticillata is transplanted and cut, planting in a seeding mode. Soaking for one day before seeding, kneading the bitter herb fruits to release the bitter herb seeds, mixing the substrate sludge and the bitter herb seeds, and uniformly spreading the mixture in the whole pond, wherein the seeding amount is about 1 kg per 20 mu of water surface. Maintenance management: the eel grass is similar to hydrilla verticillata, the growth is slow in the early stage and fast in summer, and the water level needs to be properly adjusted to control the over-dense and over-growth of stems and leaves. An ingestion area with the width of about 2 meters is reserved around the pond, and the middle of the pond is dredged by separating channels, so that the popularity and the photosynthesis of the water body are enhanced, the dissolved oxygen level of the water body is improved, the catabolism of bottom layer microorganisms is promoted, and the ingestion and the growth of the macrobrachium rosenbergii are facilitated.
The pond is provided with an oxygenation facility, the oxygenation facility is based on nanometer micropore oxygenation, and a waterwheel type aerator and an impeller type aerator are assisted to realize omnibearing and three-dimensional oxygenation, so that the dissolved oxygen in the water body in the culture process is sufficient. 10 mu of water surface, each pond is equipped with 2 waterwheel type oxygen increasing machines of 1.5kW and 1 impeller type oxygen increasing machine of 1.5 kW. Simultaneously, microporous pipes are arranged at the bottom of the pond for oxygenation (the oxygenation power is 3kW and mainly comprises a Ross blower, a main pipeline, branch pipelines and microporous pipes), the main pipeline and the branch pipelines are arranged in a non-linear mode, the distance between the lower surface of the pipeline and the bottom of the pond is 15cm, the diameter of the main pipeline is 8-10 cm, the diameter of each branch pipeline is 2cm, the diameter of each microporous pipe is 20 mu m, and the distance between the branch pipelines is 6-8 m.
(2) Seed putting:
putting shrimp seedlings in 4 last ten days, wherein the specifications of the seedlings are 4-6 cm, and the putting density is 2 ten thousand tails per mu;
(3) cultivation management:
feeding the young shrimps the next day after feeding, and feeding with 42% protein artificial mixed feed (the feed is purchased from red oriental feed limited company in Jiangdu district of Yangzhou city, Jiangsu province, the main raw materials of the feed comprise fish meal, fish oil, soybean phospholipid oil, soybean meal, peanut meal and flour, and the additives comprise calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamins, mineral elements, antioxidant, mildew preventive and the like). The feed is uniformly and dispersedly fed along the periphery of the pond, the feeding amount accounts for 3-5% of the weight of the pond, the feed is fed for 2 times every day, the feed is eaten within 2-3 hours, 2-3 feed platforms are arranged beside the culture pond, and the feeding and utilization conditions of the feed can be conveniently observed and mastered in time; in the middle and later stages of the macrobrachium rosenbergii culture, 100 kg/mu of snails are fed at one time, and 1-3 kg/mu of black water is fed in a supplementing manner while the artificial compound feed is fed every day, so that the active animal bait is supplemented for the macrobrachium rosenbergii; in the culture process of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, in seasons with sudden change of air temperature and continuous high temperature, the EM bacterial liquid is uniformly sprinkled on the feed to be fed (the ratio of the bacterial liquid to the feed is 1:200), and after being uniformly stirred, the EM bacterial liquid is naturally dried for half an hour and then fed, so that the utilization rate of the feed is improved, and the disease resistance and the stress resistance of the cultured prawns are enhanced; in bad weather, water quality deteriorates, feeding is reduced, a large amount of molting is avoided, and feeding amount is reduced or stopped.
In the culture process of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, attention needs to be paid to water level control and water quality management, and the water level control method comprises the following steps: keeping a shallow water level of 30-50 cm in the early stage of cultivation to promote the growth of aquatic plants; injecting water for 10cm in 10-15 days before the middle stage of cultivation, ensuring that the distance between the grass head of the aquatic weeds and the water surface is 15-20 cm, and keeping the water level until the water level reaches 1 meter; in the later culture period, a high-temperature period is adopted, water is injected for 10-15 cm every 10-15 days until the water level reaches 1.5 m, the water level is kept, and the heads of the waterweeds and hydrilla verticillata exposed out of the water surface are cut off; the water quality management comprises the following steps: disinfecting and bottoming by using 100 kg/mu of quicklime every 15-30 days, increasing calcium ions in water, promoting the molting growth of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, and avoiding the death of the macrobrachium rosenbergii due to difficult molting; and (4) regulating the water quality by using a microbial preparation (EM composite bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus subtilis) every 15-20 days. Controlling water quality indexes in the whole culture process: the transparency is 30-50 cm, the pH value is 7.0-9.0, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.5mg/L, and the nitroso salt is less than 0.02 mg/L.
The dissolved oxygen in the water body is a key environmental factor influencing the specification and the yield of the macrobrachium rosenbergii. The aquatic plants are planted in the water body to increase oxygen and dissolve oxygen in the water body through photosynthesis in the daytime, and the water body to dissolve oxygen is consumed through oxidation at night. The starting time of the oxygen increasing facility is flexibly treated according to the conditions of air temperature, weather, seasons and the like, the starting time is 22: 00-7: 00 the next day under the normal condition, the starting time is 18: 00-7: 00 the next day under the sultry weather, and the oxygen increasing facility needs to be started all day after the rainy day is continued. Conditionally detecting dissolved oxygen, and starting up at proper time to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in water is more than 5 mg/L.
(4) Fishing:
fishing from the last ten days of 9 months to the last ten days of 10 months, firstly pulling a net for fishing, finally adopting a dry pond for fishing, harvesting 872kg of macrobrachium rosenbergii in each culture pond on average, and selecting and selling the macrobrachium rosenbergii.
In this example, the average survival rate of macrobrachium rosenbergii was 71.2%.
Comparative example 1
Traditional intensive culture mode
(1) Preparing a culture site: the breeding farm place is located in the Luo pond shrimp breeding area of the Zhenwu town of Yangzhou city Jiangdu area, 3 breeding ponds are selected for parallel test, and the breeding area of each pond is 3 mu. Draining the dry pond in 2021 year and 2 months, after full insolation, disinfecting with 100-125 kg/mu of quicklime, injecting 50-60 cm of new water, fertilizing with biological organic fertilizer without planting aquatic plants;
(2) seed putting: putting shrimp seedlings in 4 last ten days, wherein the specifications of the seedlings are 4-6 cm, and the putting density is 2 ten thousand tails per mu;
(3) cultivation management: after the seedlings are released in the afternoon, no feeding is carried out on the same day, the mixed feed (with the crude protein content of 42%) is fed on the next day, the mixed feed is fed once in the morning and in the afternoon, the feeding amount is 3% -5% of the mass of the shrimp bodies, a feeding table is arranged in a pond, and the feeding condition is checked; animal baits are added in the middle and later periods of cultivation and fed, and the animal baits are snail meat and clam meat. And (3) patrolling the pond every morning, noon and night, checking the water color, checking the water quality, changing water once every 3-5 days in a high-temperature season of 7-8 months, changing water by 10cm every time, and keeping the water level relatively stable during water changing. And (4) inspecting the micropore oxygenation facilities, timely starting the oxygenation facilities when the dissolved oxygen content of the water body is lower than 5mg/L, advancing and prolonging the starting time on a continuous rainy day, and periodically changing the bottom and transferring water by using the micro-preparation.
(4) Fishing: the culture period is about 120-150 days, after the macrobrachium rosenbergii grows to the commodity specification, pulling the net for fishing once every 15-25 days, reducing the water level by 30-60 cm before pulling the net for fishing, adopting a large-size-catching and small-size-reserving mode to select and reserve individuals reaching the commodity shrimp specification, putting the individuals which do not reach the commodity shrimp specification back to the pond for culture, completely clearing the pond for fishing after water is completely drained in the first ten days of 10 months, harvesting 387kg of the macrobrachium rosenbergii in each culture pond on average, and selling the selected macrobrachium rosenbergii on the market.
In comparative example 1, the average survival rate of macrobrachium rosenbergii was 35.4%.
The water body physicochemical factors of the culture method of the example 1 and the traditional intensive culture method of the comparative example 1 are compared and tested, and the specifications and the nutritional quality of the macrobrachium rosenbergii are as follows:
1. water quality testing
The aquaculture water in the two aquaculture modes of example 1 and comparative example 1 is taken in the peak period of aquaculture to test the water quality index (experiment sampling date is 2021, 7 months and 19 days), a 5L water sampler is used for collecting water samples at a position 0.5m below the water surface, an upper air inlet is taken in each aquaculture pond, a lower air inlet is mixed with 3 sampling points in the middle of the pond, and the test results are averaged. The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Water quality index test results in early stage of cultivation
The test results in table 1 show that: in the culture mode of the embodiment 1, the Total Phosphorus (TP), the Total Nitrogen (TN), the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and the chlorophyll a content (Chl-a) of the water body are all lower than the intensive culture group of the comparative example 1, the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration of the culture water body is higher than the intensive culture mode of the comparative example 1, and the water quality reaches the discharge standard of DB32/4043-2021 pond culture tail water.
2. Macrobrachium rosenbergii quality test
The macrobrachium rosenbergii is fished by a net at 27 months in 2021, muscle tissues of commercial macrobrachium rosenbergii are collected under two culture conditions of culture in example 1 (n ═ 5) and intensive culture in comparative example 1 (n ═ 5), and the type and content of the hydrolyzed amino acid are determined by liquid chromatography (Agilent liquid chromatography Ag 1100).
The results are shown in tables 2 and 3:
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
The results in tables 2 and 3 show that: the content of hydrolyzed amino acid in muscle tissue of the macrobrachium rosenbergii cultured by the ecological breeding grass is slightly higher than that of intensive culture.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. An in-situ purification ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture site:
in month 2, draining accumulated water at the bottom of the pond after pond cleaning is finished, insolating for 10-15 days, removing sludge to renovate pond ridges, splashing quicklime full-pond water for disinfection, draining old pond water after 5 days, adding new water, then starting to plant waterweeds, planting hydrilla verticillata in the first ten days of month 4, planting eel grasses in the middle ten days of month 4, and controlling the total coverage of the waterweeds to be 50-60% of the culture area;
(2) and (3) seed putting:
putting macrobrachium rosenbergii fries in 4 last ten days, wherein the specification of the fries is 4-6 cm, and the putting density is 1-3 ten thousand tails per mu;
(3) cultivation management:
feeding the young shrimps on the next day after the young shrimps are fed, wherein artificial compound feed with the protein content of 35% -45% is taken as a main material, the feed is uniformly and dispersedly fed along the periphery of the pond, the feeding amount accounts for 3-5% of the weight of the young shrimps, the young shrimps are fed for 1-2 times every day, and the young shrimps are eaten within 2-3 hours;
in the culture process of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, attention is paid to water level control and water quality management, 100 kg/mu of quicklime is used for disinfection and bottom improvement every 15-30 d, calcium ions in water are increased, the molting growth of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is promoted, and the death of the macrobrachium rosenbergii due to the difficulty in molting is avoided; adjusting the water quality by using a microbial preparation every 15-20 days;
(4) fishing:
fishing from the last ten days of 9 months to the last ten days of 10 months, firstly pulling the net for fishing, and finally adopting a dry pond for fishing.
2. The in-situ purification ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step (1), when the waterweeds are planted, the water depth is controlled to be 10-15 cm, and the planting area of the waterweeds accounts for 10% -20% of the breeding water surface; when the hydrilla verticillata is planted, the water depth is controlled to be 25-35 cm, and the planting area of the hydrilla verticillata accounts for 20% -30% of the culture water surface; when the tape grass is planted, the water depth is controlled to be 40-50 cm, and the tape grass planting area accounts for 10% -20% of the culture water surface.
3. The in-situ purification ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), hydrilla verticillata and elodea nutans are planted at intervals, the row spacing of hydrilla verticillata is 4 m × 4 m, the row spacing of elodea nuttallii is 4 m × 4 m, and eel grass is sown between the hydrilla verticillata and elodea nuttallii, and feeding esophagus with the width of 1-2 m is left between the middle of the pond and the periphery of the pond.
4. The in-situ purification ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), in the process of breeding macrobrachium rosenbergii, in seasons of sudden change of air temperature and continuous high temperature, EM bacterial liquid is uniformly sprinkled on the feed to be fed, and after being uniformly stirred, the macrobrachium rosenbergii is naturally air-dried for half an hour and then fed, so that the utilization rate of the feed is improved, and the disease resistance and stress resistance of the bred macrobrachium rosenbergii are enhanced.
5. The in-situ purification ecological breeding method of the macrobrachium rosenbergii as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), in the middle and later stages of the macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding, 1-3 kg/mu of black water is fed for supplement while the artificial formula feed is fed every day, so as to supplement the active animal baits for the macrobrachium rosenbergii.
6. The in-situ purification ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), 100 kg/mu of snails are thrown at one time in the middle and later stages of macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding.
7. The in-situ purification ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the water level control method comprises: keeping a shallow water level of 30-50 cm in the early stage of cultivation to promote the growth of aquatic plants; injecting water for 10cm in 10-15 days before the middle stage of cultivation, ensuring that the distance between the grass head of the aquatic weeds and the water surface is 15-20 cm, and keeping the water level until the water level reaches 1 meter; and in the later culture period, injecting water of 10-15 cm every 10-15 days until the water level reaches 1.5 m, keeping the water level, and cutting off the heads of the waterweeds and hydrilla verticillata which are exposed out of the water surface.
8. The in-situ purification ecological breeding method for the macrobrachium rosenbergii as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the step (3), in the breeding process of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, the water quality index is controlled as follows: the transparency is 30-50 cm, the pH value is 7.0-9.0, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.5mg/L, and the nitroso salt is less than 0.02 mg/L.
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| CN104351098A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-02-18 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Method for intercropping giant Macrobrachium rosenbergii by using net or pool |
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| CN104351098A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-02-18 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Method for intercropping giant Macrobrachium rosenbergii by using net or pool |
| CN108719155A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-11-02 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | A kind of method of paddy field aquaculture Macrobrachium rosenbergii |
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