CN114946345B - Auxiliary soil covering device and soil covering method for ridge of vegetable transplanting machine - Google Patents
Auxiliary soil covering device and soil covering method for ridge of vegetable transplanting machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN114946345B CN114946345B CN202210537190.5A CN202210537190A CN114946345B CN 114946345 B CN114946345 B CN 114946345B CN 202210537190 A CN202210537190 A CN 202210537190A CN 114946345 B CN114946345 B CN 114946345B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000405070 Percophidae Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010169 landfilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001338 necrotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
- A01C5/068—Furrow packing devices, e.g. press wheels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0287—Devices for laying-out or removing ground coverings
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Transplanting Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an on-ridge auxiliary soil covering device and an on-ridge auxiliary soil covering method of a vegetable transplanting machine, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable transplanting machines. The technical proposal is as follows: plastic depth wheels (16) are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the soil covering device shaft (13) through bearings, and augers (17) are respectively fixed at the outer sides of the left plastic depth wheel and the right plastic depth wheel; the left end and the right end of the cross beam (31) are respectively provided with a soil covering plate (18), the left and the right soil covering plates are respectively close to the left auger (17) and the right auger, and the soil covering plates are obliquely arranged towards the lower parts of the augers; the bottom end of the limiting chain (10) is connected to the soil covering device support (12), and the upper end of the limiting chain is hung on a seedling supplementing frame chassis of the vegetable transplanting machine. The invention has the beneficial effects that: after ridging, film covering and soil covering, the transplanted crops are timely assisted in ridging and soil covering, so that the effects of wind prevention, heat preservation, soil moisture extraction, seedling protection, labor saving, and guarantee of transplanted crop seedlings to grow according to preset time and market according to preset time can be achieved, and the device is convenient to operate and compact in structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an on-ridge auxiliary soil covering device and an on-ridge auxiliary soil covering method of a vegetable transplanting machine, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable transplanting machines.
Background
The vegetable transplanting machine is a facility agricultural mechanical technology which is mature in recent decades, and can complete the procedures of seedling supplementing, manual seedling supplying, hole opening, transplanting, soil covering, soil moisture closing, compacting and the like at one time. The vegetable transplanting machine consists of a suspension system, an operation seat, a seedling replenishing cup, a seedling replenishing table, a seedling conveyer, a gearbox, a vegetable transplanting machine frame, a walking driving wheel, a power shaft, a driving chain, a transplanting system, a compacting system (automatic soil moisture conservation) and the like. At present, the vegetable transplanting machine is applied to a greenhouse in spring, the operation effect and the operation efficiency are ideal, but the vegetable transplanting machine is applied to the open air in the northern spring, the operation effect is not ideal, and the reason is that: 1. because the spring in the north is windy and rainy and the air is dry, if the ridging vegetable transplanting is simply carried out, the temperature and the moisture required by crops can not be met due to climatic reasons. 2. If the ridging, film covering and soil covering are carried out to transplant crops, the transplanting system and the pressing system in the transplanting operation process of the vegetable transplanting machine are matched perfectly, but soil cannot be taken out to cover seedling roots and mulching films broken by a transplanting nozzle (hole opener) due to ridging and film covering of a seedbed, and soil covering cannot be carried out in time; if the mulching film is turned over by wind in windy weather, the soil moisture is scattered and the soil is not warm enough. 3. In spring season in the north, more wind, less rainwater and poor climate conditions, the mulch film is lifted and turned over when the mulch film is transplanted in a hole opening mode when the mulch film is transplanted on the ridge without auxiliary earthing and compacting operation, so that the phenomena of soil moisture dispersion and temperature leakage are easily caused. All three reasons can cause that no ideal seedbed exists after the crop seedlings are transplanted, the seedlings are slow in growth and development and the seedlings are necrotic, and the purpose that the seedlings are transplanted in advance and marketed in advance cannot be achieved, and the seedlings are more likely to be in a free-run field, so that the expected effect cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an on-ridge auxiliary soil covering device and an on-ridge auxiliary soil covering method of a vegetable transplanting machine, which can timely assist in on-ridge soil covering of transplanted crops after ridging, film covering and soil covering, play the roles of wind prevention, heat preservation, soil moisture extraction, seedling protection, labor saving, guarantee that transplanted crop seedlings grow according to preset time and come into the market according to preset time, and are convenient to operate and compact in structure, and solve the problems in the background art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
An auxiliary earth covering device on a ridge of a vegetable transplanting machine is hung at the rearmost part of the vegetable transplanting machine and walks along with the vegetable transplanting machine, and comprises a limit chain, an earth covering device bracket, an earth covering device shaft, a plastic depth limiting wheel, a packing auger, an earth covering plate, a cross beam and a vertical beam; the top end of the soil covering device support is hinged with the tail part of the vegetable transplanting machine, the bottom end of the soil covering device support is vertically provided with a soil covering device shaft which is transversely arranged, the left end and the right end of the soil covering device shaft are respectively provided with a rotatable plastic depth limiting wheel, and the outer sides of the left plastic depth limiting wheel and the right plastic depth limiting wheel are respectively fixedly provided with a packing auger; a vertical beam is vertically arranged at the midpoint of the earthing device shaft 1 backwards, a cross beam is arranged at the end part of the vertical beam, the cross beam and the earthing device shaft are arranged in parallel, the earthing device shaft, the vertical beam and the cross beam form an I-shaped frame together, and the vertical beam is positioned between the left plastic depth limiting wheel and the right plastic depth limiting wheel; the two sides of the midpoint of the earthing device shaft are respectively and vertically connected with an earthing device support and a vertical beam, an included angle of more than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees exists between the earthing device support and the vertical beam, and the earthing device support and the vertical beam form a lever mechanism taking the earthing device shaft as a fulcrum; the left end and the right end of the beam are respectively provided with a soil covering plate, the left soil covering plate and the right soil covering plate are respectively close to the left auger and the right auger, and the soil covering plates are obliquely arranged towards the lower parts of the augers; the bottom end of the limiting chain is connected to the soil covering device support, and the upper end of the limiting chain is hung on a seedling supplementing frame chassis of the vegetable transplanting machine.
The external diameter of plastic depth stop wheel is greater than the external diameter of auger, the spiral direction of left and right sides two augers is opposite, and spiral direction of advancing all is towards the earthing device axle midpoint.
The top of the soil covering device support is provided with a hanging shaft head which is connected with a rack of the vegetable transplanting machine in a hanging mode through a soil covering device fixing bolt.
The soil covering device is characterized in that the soil covering device shaft is a through shaft, the soil covering device shaft penetrates through the soil covering device support, deep groove ball bearings, gaskets and plastic depth wheels are additionally arranged on the left side and the right side of the soil covering device shaft, meanwhile, an auger is radially fixed on the plastic depth wheels, and the plastic depth wheels and the auger rotate on the soil covering device shaft through the deep groove ball bearings.
The earthing plate is fixed on the cross beam through a bolt locating pin.
An auxiliary soil covering method for a vegetable transplanting machine ridge adopts the auxiliary soil covering device and comprises the following steps: before the vegetable transplanting machine works, ridging, film covering and first soil covering treatment are carried out by a ridging, film covering and soil covering machine; the tractor is hung with the vegetable transplanting machine to carry out vegetable transplanting operation on the ridges, holes are formed on the ridge surfaces to carry out seedling planting, and soil moisture is closed and the planted seedlings are compacted; in order to prevent insufficient soil moisture dispersion and seedbed accumulated temperature caused by film lifting due to loose compacting in the spring season wind large seedling transplanting operation process, an auxiliary soil covering device is hung at the rear of the vegetable transplanting machine for secondary soil covering compacting; the operation process is as follows: the contact degree of the auxiliary soil covering device and the ridge surface is adjusted by adjusting the length of the limiting chain, so that the left auger and the right auger are in contact with the ridge surface, but cannot be in contact with the ridge surface mulching film, and the contact of the auger and the ridge surface mulching film is blocked by the plastic depth limiting wheel, so that the mulching film is prevented from being scratched in the working process of the auger; the inclination angle of the earthing plate matched with the auger is adjusted, so that effective earthing is ensured; the tractor and the vegetable transplanting machine pull the auxiliary soil covering device to move forward together, the soil taking and the soil covering are carried out through the rotation of the left auger and the right auger and the matching of the left auger and the soil covering plate, the secondary seedling root soil covering is completed, and meanwhile, the mulch film notch is buried.
The diameter of the plastic depth-limiting wheel is larger than that of the auger, so that the auger is prevented from scratching the mulching film in the soil covering process, meanwhile, the middle of the ridge surface is guaranteed to be provided with the floating soil covering mulching film, and the phenomenon that soil moisture is scattered and the seedbed is insufficient due to the fact that the mulching film is damaged by lifting the whole ridge from the middle by spring wind is prevented.
The auger is used for discharging the floating soil on the ridge surface to the seedling root and the hole opening of the transplanter in the soil covering process, so that the purpose of secondary earthing up is achieved, the effect of covering and pressing the hole opening of the mulching film is achieved, and meanwhile, soil blocks with larger ridge surfaces can be crushed; the purpose of the radial fixation of the auger is to facilitate adjustment and line spacing applicability.
The length selection of the vertical beam and the cross beam is suitable for not affecting the effective rotation of the auger to take out soil and the soil covering plate assists the left auger and the right auger to complete effective soil covering.
The suspension shaft head is connected with the frame in a hanging mode through the fixing bolt of the soil covering device, and therefore the effect of suspension traction is achieved.
The vegetable transplanting machine and the ridging, film covering and soil covering machine are all public equipment known in the art, the patent application is not improved, and the innovation point of the patent is that the vegetable transplanting machine and the ridging, film covering and soil covering machine are reasonably combined and matched with an innovative auxiliary soil covering device. The innovation point is that: before the operation, a ridging, film covering and soil covering machine is used for ridging, film covering and soil covering treatment, and soil is taken from the ridge surface and the row spacing of seedlings. The innovation points are as follows: the auxiliary soil covering device adopts chain flexibility to carry out soft hanging connection in a depth limiting way, and has the function that: firstly, prevent that the vegetable transplanting machine from lifting auxiliary soil covering device through the tractor after the transplanter operation is finished and freely drooping influences down the ridge operation, secondly if the ridge face is uneven in the operation process, prevent that direct connection flexibility is not enough to cause the damage of ridge face or ridge face plastic film. And the innovation points are as follows: the left and right soil-covering plates are arranged, and the bolt locating pins are arranged on the left and right soil-covering plates, so that the effective operation space can be adjusted according to the crop space on the ridge, and meanwhile, the inner and outer inclined angles of the soil-covering plates and the left and right augers are determined through adjustment according to the condition of the soil-covering in advance on the ridge surface, so that effective soil covering is ensured.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: after ridging, film covering and soil covering, the transplanted crops are timely assisted in ridging and soil covering, so that the effects of wind prevention, heat preservation, soil moisture extraction, seedling protection, labor saving, and guarantee of transplanted crop seedlings to grow according to preset time and market according to preset time can be achieved, and the device is convenient to operate and compact in structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an auxiliary earth covering device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
In the figure: 1. the hydraulic truck comprises an operating seat, a suspension system, a3 part seedling supplementing frame, a 4 part depth adjusting handle, a5 part frame, a 6 part walking transmission ground wheel, a 7 part seedling supplementing table, a 8 part eccentric supporting disc, a 9 part pressing wheel, a 10 part limiting chain, a 11 part auxiliary earth covering device, a 12 part earth covering device bracket, a 13 part earth covering device shaft, a 14 part deep groove ball bearing, a 15 part gasket, a 16 part plastic depth limiting wheel, a 17 part packing auger, a 18 part earth covering plate, a 19 part power shaft, a 20 part lower cup gear box, a 21 part power transmission chain, a 22 part seedling conveyer, a 23 part connecting rod, a 24 part transplanting device shaft, a 25 part eccentric disc, a 26 part duckbill device, a 27 part earth covering device fixing bolt, a 28 part concentric disc, a 29 part suspension shaft head, a 30 part bolt positioning pin, a 31 part cross beam, a 32 part vertical beam and a 33 part seedling supplementing frame chassis.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
An auxiliary earth covering device on a ridge of a vegetable transplanting machine, wherein the auxiliary earth covering device 11 is hung at the rearmost part of the vegetable transplanting machine and walks along with the vegetable transplanting machine, and comprises a limit chain 10, an earth covering device bracket 12, an earth covering device shaft 13, a plastic depth limiting wheel 16, a packing auger 17, an earth covering plate 18, a cross beam 31 and a vertical beam 32; the top end of the soil covering device support 12 is hinged with the tail part of the vegetable transplanting machine, the bottom end of the soil covering device support 12 is provided with a soil covering device shaft 13 which is transversely arranged, the bottom end of the soil covering device support 12 is vertically provided with a soil covering device shaft 13 which is transversely arranged, the left end and the right end of the soil covering device shaft 13 are respectively provided with a rotatable plastic depth limiting wheel 16, and the outer sides of the left plastic depth limiting wheel 16 and the right plastic depth limiting wheel 16 are respectively fixedly provided with a packing auger 17; a vertical beam 32 is vertically arranged at the midpoint of the soil covering device shaft 13 backwards, a cross beam 31 is arranged at the end part of the vertical beam 32, the cross beam 31 and the soil covering device shaft 13 are arranged in parallel, the soil covering device shaft 13, the vertical beam 32 and the cross beam 31 form an I-shaped frame, and the vertical beam 32 is positioned between the left plastic depth limiting wheel 16 and the right plastic depth limiting wheel 16; the two sides of the midpoint of the soil covering device shaft 13 are respectively and vertically connected with the soil covering device bracket 12 and the vertical beam 32, an included angle of more than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees exists between the soil covering device bracket 12 and the vertical beam 32, and the soil covering device bracket 12 and the vertical beam 32 form a lever mechanism taking the soil covering device shaft 13 as a fulcrum; the left end and the right end of the beam 31 are respectively provided with a soil covering plate 18, the left soil covering plate 18 and the right soil covering plate 18 are respectively close to the left auger 17 and the right auger 17, and the soil covering plates 18 are obliquely arranged towards the lower parts of the augers 17; the bottom end of the limiting chain 10 is connected to the soil covering device support 12, and the upper end of the limiting chain is hung on a seedling supplementing frame chassis 33 of the vegetable transplanting machine.
The outer diameter of the plastic depth stop wheel 16 is larger than that of the augers 17, the spiral directions of the left and right augers 17 are opposite, and the spiral advancing directions face the midpoint of the soil covering device shaft 13.
The top end of the earthing device support 12 is provided with a hanging shaft head 29 which is connected with the frame 5 of the vegetable transplanting machine in a hanging way through an earthing device fixing bolt 27.
The soil covering device is characterized in that the soil covering device shaft 13 is a through shaft, penetrates through the soil covering device support 12, deep groove ball bearings 14, gaskets 15 and plastic depth limiting wheels 16 are additionally arranged on the left side and the right side of the soil covering device shaft 13, meanwhile, an auger 17 is fixed on the radial direction of the plastic depth limiting wheels 16, and the plastic depth limiting wheels 16 and the auger 17 rotate on the soil covering device shaft 13 through the deep groove ball bearings 14.
The sheathing board 18 is fixed to a cross member 31 by means of bolt locating pins 30.
An auxiliary soil covering method for a vegetable transplanting machine ridge adopts the auxiliary soil covering device and comprises the following steps: before the vegetable transplanting machine works, ridging, film covering and first soil covering treatment are carried out by a ridging, film covering and soil covering machine; the tractor is hung with the vegetable transplanting machine to carry out vegetable transplanting operation on the ridges, holes are formed on the ridge surfaces to carry out seedling planting, and soil moisture is closed and the planted seedlings are compacted; in order to prevent insufficient soil moisture dispersion and seedbed accumulated temperature caused by film lifting due to loose compacting in the spring season wind large seedling transplanting operation process, an auxiliary soil covering device 11 is hung at the rear of the vegetable transplanting machine for secondary soil covering compacting; the operation process is as follows: the contact degree of the auxiliary soil covering device 11 and the ridge surface is adjusted by adjusting the length of the limiting chain 10, so that the left auger 17 and the right auger 17 are in contact with the ridge surface but cannot be in contact with the ridge surface mulching film, and the contact of the auger 17 and the ridge surface mulching film is blocked by the plastic depth limiting wheel 16, so that the mulching film is prevented from being scratched in the working process of the auger 17; the inclination angle of the earthing plate 18 matched with the auger 17 is adjusted, so that effective earthing is ensured; the tractor and the vegetable transplanting machine pull the auxiliary soil covering device 11 to move forward together, and the soil taking and the soil covering are carried out by rotating the left auger 17 and the right auger 17 and matching with the soil covering plate 18, so that the secondary seedling root soil covering is completed, and meanwhile, the mulch film notch is buried.
The diameter of the plastic depth limiting wheel 16 is larger than that of the auger 17, so that the auger 17 is prevented from scratching the mulching film in the soil covering process, meanwhile, the middle of the ridge surface is guaranteed to be provided with a floating soil cover mulching film, and the phenomenon that soil moisture is scattered and the temperature of a seedbed is insufficient due to the fact that the mulching film is damaged when the soil is lifted from the middle by spring wind is prevented.
The auger 17 is used for discharging the floating soil on the ridge surface to the seedling root and the hole opening of the transplanter in the soil covering process, so that the purpose of secondary earthing up is achieved, the function of covering and pressing the hole opening of the mulching film is achieved, and meanwhile, soil blocks with larger ridge surfaces can be crushed; the purpose of the radial fixation of the auger 17 is to facilitate adjustment and line space applicability.
The lengths of the vertical beams 32 and the cross beams 31 are selected so as not to influence the effective rotation of the augers 17 to take out soil and cover soil, and the soil cover plate 18 assists the left and right augers 17 to complete effective soil cover.
The bolt positioning pins 30 not only play a role in fixing the soil covering plates 18, but also can adjust and lock the inclination angles of the soil covering plates 18, ensure the effective soil covering effect by combining the amount of the floating soil on the ridge surface, and can adjust the effective operation spacing of the left and right soil covering plates 18 of the cross beam 31 according to the spacing of crops on the ridge.
The suspension shaft head 29 is connected with the frame in a hanging way through the earth covering device fixing bolt 27, so that the suspension traction effect is achieved.
One end of the limiting chain 10 is fixed on the chassis 33 of the seedling supplementing frame, the other end is connected with the support 12 of the soil covering device in a hanging mode, the flexible connection is achieved through the chain, and the damage of a ridge surface or a ridge surface mulching film due to the fact that the direct connection is not flexible enough is prevented.
In an embodiment, the vegetable transplanting machine ridge auxiliary soil covering device is used for operating the vegetable transplanting operation: before the vegetable transplanting machine works, ridging, film covering and soil covering treatment is carried out on the field by a ridging, film covering and soil covering machine; the tractor is connected with the suspension system 2 in a hanging way to carry out vegetable transplanting operation on ridges; before operation, the depth adjustment handle 4 of the vegetable transplanting machine is used for adjusting the operation depth of the transplanting machine on the walking transmission land wheel 6, the vegetable transplanting machine is operated in a no-load mode, the operation condition of each part of the machine is observed, the operation effect of each part of the machine is good, and the transplanted seedlings are placed on the seedling supplementing frame 3 for standby; the vegetable transplanting machine is pulled by a tractor to operate, a walking transmission land wheel 6 below a vegetable transplanting machine frame moves with a power shaft 19, the power shaft 19 respectively transmits power to an under-cup gearbox 20 and a planting device shaft 24 through a power transmission chain (2) 21 so as to provide power for completing vegetable transplanting of the seedling supplementing table 7 and the duckbill planting device 26, meanwhile, an operator sits on an operation seat, puts prepared seedlings into each seedling supplementing table 7 through acquiring prepared seedlings from a seedling supplementing frame 3, and carries out operation through the under-cup gearbox 20 by carrying out power belt seedling supplementing on the seedling supplementing table 7, when each single cup of the seedling supplementing table 7 moves to a seedling conveyor 22, freely falls to the duckbill planting device 26 through the seedling conveyor 22, the duckbill planting device 26 carries out seedling planting on a ridge surface, and then the planted seedlings are subjected to soil moisture compaction by a compacting wheel 9; the auxiliary soil covering device 11 is additionally arranged for secondary soil covering and compacting in order to prevent soil moisture dispersion and insufficient temperature accumulation of a seedling bed caused by strong wind lifting due to loose compacting in the spring season wind large seedling transplanting operation process. The operation process is as follows: the suspension shaft head 29 of the auxiliary soil cover 11 is connected with the soil cover fixing bolt 27 on the frame in a hanging way, one end of the limiting chain 10 is fixed at the position of the seedling supplementing frame 3, and the other end is connected with the soil cover bracket 12 in a hanging way; after the installation is finished, the contact area between the auxiliary soil covering device 11 and the ridge surface is determined by adjusting the limiting chain 10 (the left auger 17 and the right auger 17 are required to be in contact with the ridge surface but can not be in contact with the ridge surface mulching film), and the contact between the left auger 17 and the right auger 17 and the ridge surface mulching film is blocked by the plastic depth limiting wheel 16, so that the mulching film is prevented from being scratched in the working process of the augers 17; according to the agronomic requirements of seedlings, the locking positions of the left and right soil covering plates 18 on the cross beam 31 are determined through the bolt positioning pins 30; the inner and outer inclination angles of the soil covering plate 18 and the auger 17 are adjusted and determined according to the condition that the ridge surface is covered with soil in advance, so that effective soil covering is ensured; after all the components are adjusted, the tractor and the vegetable transplanting machine pull the auxiliary soil covering device 11 to take out soil from the powder soil through the auger 17, and the secondary root covering and the land filling operation of the mulch film notch are completed.
Claims (7)
1. An auxiliary soil covering device on a ridge of a vegetable transplanting machine is characterized in that: the auxiliary soil covering device (11) is hung at the rearmost part of the vegetable transplanting machine and walks along with the vegetable transplanting machine; comprises a limit chain (10), a covering device bracket (12), a covering device shaft (13), a plastic depth limiting wheel (16), a packing auger (17), a covering plate (18), a cross beam (31) and a vertical beam (32); the top end of the soil covering device support (12) is hinged with the tail part of the vegetable transplanting machine, the bottom end of the soil covering device support (12) is vertically provided with a soil covering device shaft (13) which is transversely arranged, the left end and the right end of the soil covering device shaft (13) are respectively provided with a rotatable plastic depth limiting wheel (16), and the outer sides of the left plastic depth limiting wheel and the right plastic depth limiting wheel (16) are respectively fixedly provided with an auger (17); a vertical beam (32) is vertically arranged at the midpoint of the soil covering device shaft (13) backwards, a cross beam (31) is arranged at the end part of the vertical beam (32), the cross beam (31) and the soil covering device shaft (13) are arranged in parallel, the soil covering device shaft (13), the vertical beam (32) and the cross beam (31) together form an I-shaped frame, and the vertical beam (32) is positioned between the left plastic depth limiting wheel (16) and the right plastic depth limiting wheel; the two sides of the middle point of the earthing device shaft (13) are respectively and vertically connected with the earthing device support (12) and the vertical beam (32), an included angle of more than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees exists between the earthing device support (12) and the vertical beam (32), and the earthing device support (12) and the vertical beam (32) form a lever mechanism taking the earthing device shaft (13) as a fulcrum; the left end and the right end of the cross beam (31) are respectively provided with a soil covering plate (18), the left soil covering plate (18) and the right soil covering plate (18) are respectively close to the left auger (17) and the right auger (17), and the soil covering plates (18) are obliquely arranged towards the lower parts of the augers (17); the bottom end of the limiting chain (10) is connected to the soil covering device bracket (12), and the upper end of the limiting chain is hung on a seedling supplementing frame chassis (33) of the vegetable transplanting machine; the top end of the earthing device support (12) is provided with a suspension shaft head (29) which is connected with the frame (5) of the vegetable transplanting machine in a hanging way through an earthing device fixing bolt (27).
2. The on-ridge auxiliary soil covering device of a vegetable transplanting machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the outer diameter of the plastic depth limiting wheel (16) is larger than that of the augers (17), the spiral directions of the left auger and the right auger (17) are opposite, and the spiral advancing directions face the midpoint of the soil covering device shaft (13).
3. The on-ridge auxiliary soil covering device of a vegetable transplanting machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the soil covering device is characterized in that the soil covering device shaft (13) is a through shaft, the soil covering device passes through the soil covering device support (12), deep groove ball bearings (14), gaskets (15) and plastic depth wheels (16) are additionally arranged on the left side and the right side of the soil covering device shaft (13), meanwhile, an auger (17) is fixed on the plastic depth wheels (16) in the radial direction, and the plastic depth wheels (16) and the auger (17) rotate on the soil covering device shaft (13) through the deep groove ball bearings (14).
4. The on-ridge auxiliary soil covering device of a vegetable transplanting machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the earthing plate (18) is fixed on the cross beam (31) through a bolt locating pin (30).
5. An on-ridge auxiliary soil covering method of a vegetable transplanting machine, adopting the auxiliary soil covering device as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the steps of: before the vegetable transplanting machine works, ridging, film covering and first soil covering treatment are carried out by a ridging, film covering and soil covering machine; the tractor is hung with the vegetable transplanting machine to carry out vegetable transplanting operation on the ridges, holes are formed on the ridge surfaces to carry out seedling planting, and soil moisture is closed and the planted seedlings are compacted; in order to prevent soil moisture dispersion and seedbed accumulated temperature deficiency caused by film lifting due to loose compacting in the spring season wind large seedling transplanting operation process, an auxiliary soil covering device (11) is hung at the rear of the vegetable transplanting machine for secondary soil covering compacting; the operation process is as follows: the contact degree of the auxiliary soil covering device (11) and the ridge surface is adjusted by adjusting the length of the limiting chain (10), so that the left auger (17) and the right auger (17) are all in contact with the ridge surface but cannot be in contact with the ridge surface mulching film, and the auger (17) is separated from contact with the ridge surface mulching film by the plastic depth limiting wheel (16), so that the mulching film is prevented from being scratched in the working process of the auger (17); the inclination angle of the earthing plate (18) matched with the auger (17) is adjusted, so that effective earthing is ensured; the tractor and the vegetable transplanting machine pull the auxiliary soil covering device (11) to advance together, the soil taking and the soil covering are carried out by rotating the left auger (17) and the right auger (17) and matching with the soil covering plate (18), the secondary seedling root soil covering is completed, and the mulch film notch is buried.
6. The method for assisting in earthing up a ridge of a vegetable transplanting machine as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the earthing plate (18) is fixed on the cross beam (31) through a bolt locating pin (30); the bolt locating pins (30) not only play a role in fixing the soil covering plates (18), but also can adjust and lock the inclination angles of the soil covering plates (18), ensure the effective soil covering effect by combining the amount of the floating soil on the ridge surface, and adjust the effective operation spacing of the left and right soil covering plates (18) of the cross beam (31) according to the spacing of crops on the ridge.
7. The method for assisting in earthing up a ridge of a vegetable transplanting machine as set forth in claim 5, wherein: one end of the limiting chain (10) is fixed on the chassis (33) of the seedling supplementing frame, the other end of the limiting chain is connected with the support (12) of the soil covering device in a hanging mode, the soft hanging is carried out through the flexibility of the chain, and the damage of a ridge surface or a ridge surface mulching film caused by the fact that the direct connection flexibility is insufficient is prevented.
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| CN115643869B (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2024-02-13 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Full-automatic transplanter based on degradable plug tray |
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Inventor after: Yang Zhifeng Inventor after: Zhang Cheng Inventor after: Cui Jinhui Inventor after: Liu Yuhang Inventor after: Fu Chao Inventor after: Han Jinxing Inventor after: Yang Runze Inventor after: Zhang Baofang Inventor after: Zheng Xuezhe Inventor after: He Yiming Inventor after: Zhao Fengying Inventor after: Zhang Man Inventor after: Li Yingjun Inventor after: Wu Zhongda Inventor after: Me Kaidi Inventor before: Yang Runze Inventor before: Zhang Cheng Inventor before: Cui Jinhui Inventor before: Liu Yuhang Inventor before: Fu Chao Inventor before: Han Jinxing Inventor before: Yang Zhifeng Inventor before: Zhang Baofang Inventor before: Zheng Xuezhe Inventor before: He Yiming Inventor before: Zhao Fengying Inventor before: Zhang Man Inventor before: Li Yingjun Inventor before: Wu Zhongda Inventor before: Me Kaidi |
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