CN114933624A - 一种天然产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基的人工合成方法 - Google Patents
一种天然产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基的人工合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114933624A CN114933624A CN202210574298.1A CN202210574298A CN114933624A CN 114933624 A CN114933624 A CN 114933624A CN 202210574298 A CN202210574298 A CN 202210574298A CN 114933624 A CN114933624 A CN 114933624A
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- palladium
- androstane
- reaction
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- PLMKQQMDOMTZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Astrantiagenin E-methylester Natural products CC12CCC(O)C(C)(CO)C1CCC1(C)C2CC=C2C3CC(C)(C)CCC3(C(=O)OC)CCC21C PLMKQQMDOMTZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 11
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- AEMFNILZOJDQLW-QAGGRKNESA-N androst-4-ene-3,17-dione Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 AEMFNILZOJDQLW-QAGGRKNESA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- AEMFNILZOJDQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N androstenedione Natural products O=C1CCC2(C)C3CCC(C)(C(CC4)=O)C4C3CCC2=C1 AEMFNILZOJDQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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Abstract
本发明属于天然产物的人工合成技术领域,具体为天然产物(+)‑毛地黄毒苷配基的人工合成方法。以价格低廉的甾体化合物雄烯二酮为原料,在C‑3位利用大位阻的三异丁基硼氢化钾构建手性中心;在C‑14位利用烯丙位氧化构建手性中心;C‑17为通过stille偶联反应进行碳‑碳键的构建,通过简单的7步反应实现天然产物(+)‑毛地黄毒苷配基的合成,该路线反应条件简单高效,总收率超过20%。本发明合成路线短,后处理简单,为天然产物(+)‑毛地黄毒苷配基的有效合成工艺路线。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然产物的人工合成技术领域,具体为天然产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基的合成方法。
技术背景
(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基(英文名:Digitoxigenin)是从夹竹桃中提取出的一种心甾内酯类化合物。(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基具有抗癌、强心等生物活性,(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基是一种广泛使用的强心苷类药物,已被临床用于治疗充血性心力衰竭,其良好的抗肿瘤活性亦引起了广泛关注。有报道称(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基及其糖苷强烈抑制HT-1080细胞系(IC50值,54–1600nM)的增殖(J.Nat.Prod.2003,66,1427–1433.),并对口腔人类表皮样癌(KB)、人类乳腺癌细胞(BC)和人类小细胞肺癌(NCI-H187)表现出强的细胞毒活性(Phytochemistry2004,65,507–510.)。
强心苷类天然产物的重要生理活性引起了合成化学家广泛的兴趣。1996年,Stork等人以29步不对称全合成成功合成(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基总收率0.3%(J.Am.Chem.Soc.1996,118,10660-10661.)。Nakada等人在2007年以最长线性步骤24步反应合成(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基,总收率14%(Tetrahedron Lett,2007,48,1541-1544.)。此外还有其他化学家对该类化合物进行了合成研究(Nat.Prod.Rep.2017,34,361.),但是总体收率都不高,合成成本高居不下。
为此,我们提出一种天然产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基的低成本人工合成方法。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是在于提供一种操作简便的天然产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基的半合成方法。本发明具有操作简便实用,原料易得,产率较好,便于大规模合成等优点。本发明合成路线简短,反应条件简单高效,后处理简单,总收率超过20%,为天然产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基的有效合成工艺路线。
本发明以价格低廉,简单易得的雄烯二酮为原料,采用钯炭加氢可以在C-5位构建手性氢原子;利用大位阻还原剂三异丁基硼氢化钾选择性还原C-3位羰基并构建手性中心;C-14的手性中心通过烯丙位氧化可以得到;在C-17位通过stille偶联反应进行碳-碳键的构建引入最后的结构,通过钯炭加氢确定C-17的手性;通过简单、易操作的7步反应,总收率20.4%,实现天然产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基的合成;本发明的技术方案具体介绍如下:
一种天然产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基的低成本人工合成方法,具体步骤如下:
A)4-雄烯-3,17-二酮在加氢催化剂的作用下发生加氢还原反应,得到5β-雄甾烷-3,17-二酮;
B)5β-雄甾-3,17-二酮和还原试剂低温下发生还原反应,得到5β-雄甾-3β-醇-17-酮;
C)5β-雄甾-3β-醇-17-酮和有机硅试剂在碱的作用下发生反应,原位生成烯醇硅醚类化合物,然后在钯催化剂的作用下发生氧化脱氢反应,得到5β-雄甾-15-烯-3β-醇-17-酮;所得氧化产物5β-雄甾-15-烯-3β-醇-17-酮简单处理即可和二氧化硒在溶剂中发生烯丙位的氧化反应,得到5β-雄甾-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮;
D)5β-雄甾-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮在加氢催化剂催化下发生加氢还原反应,得到5β-雄甾-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮;
E)5β-雄甾-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮溶于乙醇中加入水合肼和碱在加热条件下反应,简单处理后所得到的固体溶于四氢呋喃中,加入碱和碘单质发生反应,得到5β-雄甾-17-碘-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇;
F)将5β-雄甾-17-碘-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇、钯催化剂、4-三丁基甲锡烷基-5H-呋喃-2-酮、氯化亚铜和氯化锂加入反应瓶中在氮气氛围中加热反应,得到一种天然产物16-Anhydrogitoxigenin;
G)将天然产物16-Anhydrogitoxigenin和氯硅烷试剂在碱的作用下发生反应对羟基进行保护,无需分离,直接将所得物质在加氢催化剂作用下进行加氢还原反应,完全后在酸性条件下处理,得到天然产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基。
优选的,步骤A)中加氢催化剂为钯/碳、钯/三氧化二铝、钯/碳酸钙、钯/硫酸钡、氢氧化钯/碳或雷尼镍;溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、吡啶中的一种或两种以上的混合。4-雄烯-3,17-二酮和加氢催化剂的摩尔比为1:(0.025-0.1),反应温度为0~50℃,反应时间为24~48小时。
优选的,步骤B)中还原试剂是硼氢化钠、硼氢化钾、三异丁基硼氢化钠、三异丁基硼氢化锂、三异丁基硼氢化钾、氢化铝锂或二异丁基氢化铝;溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、吡啶中的一种或两种以上的混合。雄甾-3,17-二酮和还原试剂的摩尔比为1:0.5~1.5,优选为1:1,反应温度为-78℃-25℃,反应时间为2-12小时。
优选的,步骤C)中有机硅试剂是三甲基氯硅烷、三乙基氯硅烷、叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷、三氟甲磺酸叔丁基二甲基硅酯、三异丙基氯硅烷或三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅酯;碱为二异丙基氨基锂、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、四甲基胍、吡啶、1,8-二偶氮杂双螺环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯或2,6-二甲基吡啶;钯催化剂为醋酸钯或三氟乙酸钯;氧化剂为氧气、单过硫酸氢钾、2-碘酰基苯甲酸和对甲氧基吡啶氮氧化物的络合物。5β-雄甾-3β-醇-17-酮、有机硅试剂和碱的摩尔比为1:(2.0~5.0):(3.0~8.0),反应温度为-78℃-25℃,反应时间为1-5小时。烯醇硅醚类化合物和钯催化剂的摩尔比为1:(0.05~1.2),反应温度为0℃~60℃,反应时间为24~48小时。烯丙位氧化反应的溶剂为1,4-二氧六环和水的混合液,二氧六环和水的混合液中1,4-二氧六环和水体积比(1~6):1,优选为4:1;5β-雄甾-15-烯-3β-醇-17-酮与二氧化硒的摩尔比为1:(1.0~5.0),反应温度为25℃~120℃;反应时间为1~12小时。
优选的,步骤D)中加氢催化剂为钯/碳、钯/三氧化二铝、钯/碳酸钙、氢氧化钯/碳、雷尼镍、三苯基膦氯化铑或Crabtree催化剂;溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、吡啶中的一种或两种以上的混合。5β-雄甾-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮和加氢催化剂的摩尔比为1:(0.05~0.1),反应温度为0℃-50℃,反应时间为2-10小时。
优选的,步骤E)中水合肼的浓度为75~85%,碱为三乙胺,四甲基胍(TMG)或1,8-二偶氮杂双螺环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯或二异丙基乙胺(DBU),二异丙基乙胺。5β-雄甾-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮、水合肼和碱的摩尔比为1:(10~20):(10~20),反应温度为25℃-100℃,反应时间为2-24小时。所得固体产物、碘单质和碱的摩尔比为1:(2~4):(10~20),反应温度为-25℃-25℃,优选为-20℃-25℃反应时间为1-24小时,优选为1-12小时。
优选的,步骤F)中钯催化剂为四三苯基膦钯、钯炭、二氯双[二叔丁基-(4-二甲基氨基苯基)膦]钯、双三苯基磷二氯化钯、双(乙腈)氯化钯或双(二亚芐基丙酮)钯。5β-雄甾-17-碘-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇、钯催化剂、4-三丁基甲锡烷基-5H-呋喃-2-酮、氯化亚铜和氯化锂的摩尔比为1:(0.2~0.5):(2~4):(5~15):(6~20),反应温度为40℃-80℃,反应时间为12-24小时。
优选的,步骤G)中氯硅烷试剂为三甲基氯硅烷或三乙基氯硅烷;碱为咪唑、甲基咪唑或三乙胺;加氢催化剂为钯/碳、钯/三氧化二铝、钯/碳酸钙、氢氧化钯/碳、三苯基膦氯化铑;溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、吡啶中的一种或两种以上的混合。16-Anhydrogitoxigenin、氯硅烷试剂、碱和加氢催化剂的摩尔比为1:(2.05~5.00):(3.00~6.00):(0.05~0.25),反应温度为0℃-40℃,反应时间为12-24小时。
优选的,步骤G)中加氢还原反应完全后在酸性条件下处理,得到天然产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基,酸为盐酸、硫酸或三氟化硼乙醚。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
(1)以价格低廉、原料易得的雄烯二酮为原料,通过7个步骤的化学合成,以总收率20.4%得到目标产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基;
(2)该合成方法在合成过程中可以得到另一种天然产物16-Anhydrogitoxigenin;
(3)该合成制备方法有效解决基于天然产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基的药物开发资源,从而保护自然资源和生态环境,化合物来源充分,不受自然资源短缺的限制;
(4)化学合成天然产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基,生产周期较短,经济有效,环保可控。
附图说明
图1为本发明目标产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基的核磁共振氢谱(400MHz,CDCl3)。
图2为本发明目标产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基的核磁共振碳谱(100MHz,CDCl3)。
具体实施方式
实施例1
步骤A)中5β-雄甾烷-3,17-二酮(2)的合成:
将2292mg(8mmol)的雄烯二酮(1)(1.0eq.)和钯炭催化剂(2.5mol%)加入到烧瓶中,加入8毫升吡啶。用氢气置换反应体系后连接氢气球,室温下搅拌反应36小时,反应结束,加入1mol/L盐酸溶液猝灭反应,二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤蒸除溶剂,柱层析提纯产物(流动相为石油醚和乙酸乙酯,体积比为5:1),得到白色固体2261mg,收率98%。
反应式如下:
所得5β-雄甾烷-3,17-二酮2为白色固体,熔点:104-105℃,比旋光值[α]D 20=+121.0(c=0.48,CHCl3),Rf=0.6(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=2:1)。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ2.69(dd,J=15.1,13.3Hz,1H),2.48(ddd,J=19.2,8.8,1.0Hz,1H),2.33(td,J=14.6,5.3Hz,1H),2.24–1.81(m,9H),1.76–1.13(m,10H),1.07(s,3H),0.91(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ220.71,212.68,77.45,77.11,76.79,51.39,51.36,47.80,44.18,42.22,41.02,37.11,36.93,35.84,35.11,35.04,31.66,26.33,24.70,22.58,21.75,20.47,13.80。
实施例2
步骤B)中5β-雄甾-3β-醇-17-酮(3)的合成:
将2308mg(8mmol)5β-雄甾烷-3,17-二酮(2)用80ml无水四氢呋喃溶解,将反应体系冷却到-78℃后加入8毫升三异丁基硼氢化钾溶液(1mol/L溶剂为THF),-78℃下反应5小时,反应结束,向体系中加入10毫升氢氧化钠溶液(1mol/L)和10毫升质量分数30%的过氧化氢溶液,室温下搅拌30分钟,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤蒸除所得溶液,柱层析提纯产物(流动相为石油醚和乙酸乙酯,体积比为5:1),得到白色固体2253mg,收率97%。
反应式如下:
所得5β-雄甾-3β-醇-17-酮3为白色固体,熔点:120.5-120.9℃,比旋光值[α]D 20=+100.2(c=0.5,CHCl3),Rf=0.4(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=2:1)。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ4.13(t,J=3.0Hz,1H),2.45(dd,J=19.2,8.8Hz,1H),2.15–1.88(m,5H),1.83(dd,J=12.0,2.2Hz,2H),1.70–1.46(m,7H),1.45–1.19(m,7H),1.15(dd,J=12.8,4.2Hz,1H),1.00(d,J=1.6Hz,3H),0.87(d,J=1.7Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,Chloroform-d)δ221.51,66.88,51.59,47.90,40.07,36.51,35.93,35.30,35.23,33.42,31.77,29.93,27.81,26.36,25.22,23.79,21.79,20.34,13.81。
实施例3
步骤C)中5β-雄甾-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮(5)的合成:
将1162mg(4mmol)的5β-雄甾-3β-醇-17-酮(3)在氮气氛围下用10ml的二氯甲烷溶解,0℃下依次加入2.4ml(5eq.)的三乙胺和2.2ml(3eq.)的三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅脂,搅拌2小时,反应结束,加入10ml饱和碳酸氢钠溶液猝灭反应,二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相并用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤减压蒸除溶剂,所得固体用10ml 1,2-二氯乙烷溶剂溶解,依次加入醋酸钯(0.4mmol)和DMSO(4mmol),氧气氛围下室温反应24小时,反应结束后加入0.5ml三氟化硼乙醚溶液搅拌5分钟,将反应体系中加入硅胶,快速柱层析,所得固体用20ml 1,4-二氧六环和5ml水溶解,加入888mg二氧化硒,100摄氏度下搅拌3小时,反应结束,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并蒸出所得溶剂,柱层析提纯产物(流动相为石油醚和乙酸乙酯,体积比为2:1),得到白色固体609mg收率50%,回收5β-雄甾-3β-醇-17-酮3 167mg。
反应式如下:
所得5β-雄甾-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮5为白色固体,两步收率50%,熔点:233-235℃,比旋光值[α]D 20=+128.8(c=0.6,CHCl3),Rf=0.4(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:2)。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.60(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),6.24(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.29–3.97(m,1H),2.10–1.86(m,3H),1.83(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),1.64(s,2H),1.58(td,J=6.0,5.3,1.6Hz,2H),1.53–1.17(m,8H),1.12(s,3H),0.96(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,Chloroform-d)δ213.23,161.19,132.94,83.34,66.76,52.16,40.87,36.03,35.71,33.20,32.97,32.34,29.32,27.94,26.20,23.20,20.82,19.95,17.57,12.88.
实施例4
步骤D)中5β-雄甾-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮(6)的合成:
将444mg(1.46mmol)的5β-雄甾-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮(5)用10ml四氢呋喃溶解,加入雷尼镍催化剂(10wt%),反应瓶连接氢气球(1atm),室温下反应12小时后,移除氢气球。反应结束,过滤后减压蒸除溶剂,柱层析提纯产物(流动相为石油醚和乙酸乙酯,体积比为2:1),得到白色固体402mg,收率:90%。
反应式如下:
所得5β-雄甾-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮(6)为白色固体,熔点:264-266℃,比旋光值[α]D 20=+25.6(c=0.59,CHCl3),Rf=0.4(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:2)。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ4.20–4.13(m,1H),2.51–2.35(m,2H),2.20(dt,J=13.7,9.9Hz,1H),2.03–1.46(m,10H),1.46–1.16(m,8H),1.07(s,3H),0.99(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,Chloroform-d)δ221.40,82.61,66.78,53.63,41.49,35.99,35.81,35.40,33.32,33.05,32.06,29.63,27.91,27.37,26.20,23.72,19.81,19.50,12.86.
实施例5
步骤E)中5β-雄甾-17-碘-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇(7)的合成
将871mg(3mmol)的5β-雄甾-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮(6)用20ml的乙醇溶解,依次加入4ml 85%的水合肼和8ml三乙胺,50℃下反应5小时,反应结束,减压蒸除溶剂,加入50ml的水搅拌一小时,抽滤得到白色固体,将白色固体用20ml四氢呋喃溶解,0℃下加入8ml三乙胺,然后1.5g碘粒逐粒加入反应体系至溶液呈红褐色且不褪色,反应一小时。反应结束,饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液猝灭反应,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤后减压蒸除溶剂。柱层析提纯产物(流动相为石油醚和乙酸乙酯,体积比为7:1),得到白色固体1117mg,收率93%。
反应式如下:
所得5β-雄甾-17-碘-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇(7)为白色固体,熔点:199-200℃,比旋光值[α]D 20=18.8(c=0.4,CHCl3),Rf=0.4(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=2:1)。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ6.13(t,J=2.4Hz,1H),4.14(s,1H),2.59(dd,J=16.5,1.9Hz,1H),2.24(dd,J=16.4,3.2Hz,1H),1.94(ddq,J=14.4,10.0,3.9,3.5Hz,2H),1.81(tt,J=12.1,6.2Hz,2H),1.73–1.63(m,2H),1.62–1.42(m,6H),1.42–1.33(m,2H),1.32–1.18(m,3H),1.06(s,3H),0.98(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ133.57,111.46,82.52,66.90,54.82,42.64,41.26,37.43,36.33,36.03,35.34,33.35,29.72,27.97,26.28,23.98,21.03,19.68,17.95.分子式为C19H29IO2。
实施例6
步骤F)中16-Anhydrogitoxigenin(8)的合成
向schlenk瓶中依次加入416mg(0.77mmol)5β-雄甾-17-碘-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇(7)、178mg(0.2eq.)的四三苯基磷钯、382mg(5eq.)氯化亚铜、196mg(6eq.)氯化锂,然后氮气置换3次,加入4-三正丁基锡基呋喃酮(3eq.)后加入10ml二甲基亚砜溶解,所得反应混合物于60℃下反应24小时,反应结束,加入少量水猝灭,乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤后减压蒸除溶剂。柱层析提纯产物(流动相为石油醚和乙酸乙酯,体积比为1:1),得到白色固体215mg,收率75%。
反应式如下:
所得16-Anhydrogitoxigenin(8)为白色固体,熔点:251-254℃,比旋光值[α]D 20=+105.3(c=0.3,CH3OH),Rf=0.3(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:2)。1H NMR(400MHz,Methanol-d4)δ6.27(t,J=2.8Hz,1H),6.01(s,1H),5.16(dd,J=16.8,1.6Hz,1H),5.02(dd,J=16.8,1.6Hz,1H),4.08(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),2.78(d,J=18.4Hz,1H),2.33(dd,J=18.5,3.5Hz,1H),2.02(dddd,J=27.0,18.4,12.2,4.3Hz,3H),1.90–1.57(m,5H),1.51(dd,J=18.8,7.7Hz,4H),1.35(dd,J=17.6,13.5Hz,3H),1.29(s,3H),1.29–1.08(m,2H),1.02(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,Methanol-d4)δ175.91,160.59,143.68,133.43,110.56,85.34,72.13,66.27,52.04,40.74,39.69,38.07,36.05,35.99,34.98,32.77,29.45,27.16,26.28,23.09,20.79,19.61,15.56。
实施例7
步骤G)中(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基(9)的合成
将215mg 16-Anhydrogitoxigenin(8)加入到烧瓶中,用5ml DMF搅拌溶解,然后再依次加入咪唑(10eq.)和三甲基氯硅烷(5eq.),所得反应混合物于室温下搅拌24小时。反应结束后,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液猝灭。乙醚萃取反应混合物3次,合并有机相,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤后减压蒸除溶剂。将所得粗产物物质溶解在5ml乙酸乙酯中,加入钯/碳催化剂(0.1eq.),反应瓶连接氢气球(1atm),室温下反应2小时后,移除氢气球,向反应瓶中加入2ml 1mol/L的盐酸溶液,继续搅拌5分钟。乙酸乙酯萃取反应混合物3次,合并有机相,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤后减压蒸除溶剂,得到粗产物。粗产物采用柱层析提纯(流动相为石油醚和乙酸乙酯,体积比为2:1),得到白色固体151mg,收率70%。
反应式如下:
所得天然产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基(9)为白色固体,熔点:253.5-254.2℃,比旋光值[α]D 20=+17.8(c=0.4,CH3OH),Rf=0.3(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:2)。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ5.88(s,1H),5.01(dd,J=18.1,1.8Hz,1H),4.82(dd,J=18.1,1.8Hz,1H),4.14(t,J=3.2Hz,1H),2.79(dd,J=8.8,5.5Hz,1H),2.26–2.07(m,2H),1.90(tdt,J=19.0,14.1,6.6Hz,3H),1.82–1.10(m,16H),0.97(s,3H),0.89(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,Chloroform-d)δ174.70,174.60,117.65,85.56,73.49,66.81,50.93,49.64,41.80,40.03,35.98,35.48,35.40,33.31,33.14,29.64,27.90,26.89,26.48,23.73,21.36,21.17,15.79.分子式为C23H34O4。
以上所述为本发明较佳实施例,并不仅于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种天然产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基的人工合成方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
A)4-雄烯-3,17-二酮在加氢催化剂的作用下发生加氢还原反应,得到5β-雄甾烷-3,17-二酮;
B)5β-雄甾-3,17-二酮和还原试剂在低温下发生还原反应,得到5β-雄甾-3β-醇-17-酮;
C)5β-雄甾-3β-醇-17-酮和有机硅试剂在碱的作用下发生反应,原位生成烯醇硅醚类化合物,然后在钯催化剂作用下发生氧化脱氢反应,得到5β-雄甾-15-烯-3β-醇-17-酮;所得氧化产物5β-雄甾-15-烯-3β-醇-17-酮与二氧化硒在溶剂中发生烯丙位的氧化反应,得到5β-雄甾-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮;
D)5β-雄甾-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮在加氢催化剂催化下发生加氢还原反应,得到5β-雄甾-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮;
E)5β-雄甾-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮和水合肼溶于乙醇中,碱性条件下反应,得到固体产物;将固体产物溶于四氢呋喃中,加入碱和碘单质发生反应,得到5β-雄甾-17-碘-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇;
F)将5β-雄甾-17-碘-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇、钯催化剂、4-三丁基甲锡烷基-5H-呋喃-2-酮、氯化亚铜和氯化锂在氮气氛围中加热反应,得到一种天然产物16-Anhydrogitoxigenin;
G)将天然产物16-Anhydrogitoxigenin和氯硅烷试剂在碱的作用下发生反应对羟基进行保护,无需分离,直接将所得物质在加氢催化剂作用下进行加氢还原反应,得到天然产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基。
2.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤A)中加氢催化剂为钯/碳、钯/三氧化二铝、钯/碳酸钙、钯/硫酸钡、氢氧化钯/碳或雷尼镍;溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、吡啶中的一种或两种以上的混合;4-雄烯-3,17-二酮和加氢催化剂的摩尔比为1:(0.025-0.1),反应温度为0~50℃,反应时间为24~48小时;。
3.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤B)中还原试剂为硼氢化钠、硼氢化钾、三异丁基硼氢化钠、三异丁基硼氢化锂、三异丁基硼氢化钾、氢化铝锂或二异丁基氢化铝;溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、吡啶中的一种或两种或两种以上的混合;雄甾-3,17-二酮和还原试剂的摩尔比为1:(0.5~1.5),反应温度为-78℃-25℃,反应时间为2-12小时。
4.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤C)中有机硅试剂为三甲基氯硅烷、三乙基氯硅烷、叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷、三氟甲磺酸叔丁基二甲基硅酯、三异丙基氯硅烷或三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅酯;碱为二异丙基氨基锂、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、四甲基胍、吡啶、1,8-二偶氮杂双螺环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯或2,6-二甲基吡啶;钯催化剂为醋酸钯或三氟乙酸钯;氧化剂为氧气、单过硫酸氢钾、2-碘酰基苯甲酸和对甲氧基吡啶氮氧化物的络合物;5β-雄甾-3β-醇-17-酮、有机硅试剂和碱的摩尔比为1:(2.0~5.0):(3.0~8.0),反应温度为-78℃-25℃,反应时间为1-5小时;烯醇硅醚类化合物和钯催化剂的摩尔比为1:(0.05~1.2),反应温度为0℃~60℃,反应时间为24~48小时;烯丙位氧化反应的溶剂为二氧六环和水的混合物,5β-雄甾-15-烯-3β-醇-17-酮与二氧化硒的摩尔比为1:(1.0~5.0),反应温度为25℃~120℃,反应时间为1~12小时。
5.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤D)中加氢催化剂为钯/碳、钯/三氧化二铝、钯/碳酸钙、氢氧化钯/碳、雷尼镍、三苯基膦氯化铑或Crabtree催化剂;溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、吡啶中的一种或两种以上的混合;5β-雄甾-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮和加氢催化剂的摩尔比为1:(0.05~0.1),反应温度为0℃-50℃,反应时间为2-10小时。
6.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤E)中水合肼的质量浓度为75~85%,碱为三乙胺、四甲基胍、1,8-二偶氮杂双螺环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯或二异丙基乙胺;5β-雄甾-3β,14β-二醇-17-酮、水合肼和碱的摩尔比为1:(10~20):(10~20),反应温度为25℃-100℃,反应时间为2-24小时;所得固体产物、碘单质和碱的摩尔比为1:(2~4):(10~20),反应温度为-25℃-25℃,反应时间为1-24小时。
7.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤F)中钯催化剂为四三苯基膦钯、钯炭、二氯双[二叔丁基-(4-二甲基氨基苯基)膦]钯、双三苯基磷二氯化钯、双(乙腈)氯化钯或双(二亚芐基丙酮)钯;5β-雄甾-17-碘-15-烯-3β,14β-二醇、钯催化剂、4-三丁基甲锡烷基-5H-呋喃-2-酮、氯化亚铜和氯化锂的摩尔比为1:(0.2~0.5):(2~4):(5~15):(6~20),反应温度为40℃-80℃,反应时间为12-24小时。
8.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤G)中氯硅烷试剂为三甲基氯硅烷或三乙基氯硅烷;碱为咪唑、甲基咪唑或三乙胺;加氢催化剂为钯/碳、钯/三氧化二铝、钯/碳酸钙、氢氧化钯/碳或三苯基膦氯化铑;溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、吡啶中的一种或两种以上的混合;16-Anhydrogitoxigenin、氯硅烷试剂、碱和加氢催化剂的摩尔比为1:(2.05~5.00):(3.00~6.00):(0.05~0.25),反应温度为0℃-40℃,反应时间为12-24小时。
9.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤G)中反应完全后在酸性条件下处理,得到天然产物(+)-毛地黄毒苷配基,酸为盐酸、硫酸或三氟化硼乙醚。
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