CN114902917A - Light control method for growth of cucumis melo cultivated in full-artificial light utilization type plant factory - Google Patents
Light control method for growth of cucumis melo cultivated in full-artificial light utilization type plant factory Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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Abstract
The invention provides a light control method for growth of a muskmelon cultivated in a plant factory by utilizing full-artificial light, which comprises the following steps: adjusting the illumination intensity received by the top of the seedling of the muskmelon in different growth periods, wherein the illumination intensity in the seedling period is 100-200 mu mol/(m) 2 S) the illumination intensity in the tendril drawing period is 150-500 mu mol/(m) 2 S) the light intensity in the flower and fruit period is 150 to 500 [ mu ] mol/(m) 2 S). According to the invention, different light environment parameters are given to the muskmelon seedlings in different growth periods, so that a spectrum with a high absorption utilization rate, proper light intensity and circadian rhythm are provided for the muskmelon in each growth period, the normal growth of the seedlings is ensured, the photo-chemical conversion efficiency, the strong seedling rate and the disease resistance of crops are improved, the muskmelon yield is stabilized, the muskmelon quality is improved, and a scientific, energy-saving and proper facility light regulation and control scheme is provided for the muskmelon cultivation in a full-artificial light utilization type plant factory.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a light control method for growth of a muskmelon cultivated in a full-artificial light utilization type plant factory.
Background
The light is a necessary condition for plant growth and development. Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy, accumulates a great amount of organic matters for plants, and is a key factor influencing the yield and quality of crops. When the plant energy source is used, light is used as an environmental signal, and is also a main regulatory factor of plant morphogenesis and an environmental time-giving factor of a biological clock.
Plant factories can be classified into three types according to the use of light energy, i.e., sunlight-utilizing plant factories, fully artificial light-utilizing plant factories, and integrated plant factories using both sunlight and artificial light. Among them, the plant factory of the type using total artificial light is also called a closed plant factory, which is a high-level stage of development of the plant factory. The full-artificial light utilization type plant factory uses an LED artificial light source as main light supply equipment, realizes annual continuous production of crops by high-precision environment control in a facility, and utilizes an intelligent computer and an electronic sensing system to control the temperature, humidity, illumination and CO of plant growth 2 The environmental conditions such as concentration, nutrient substances and the like are automatically controlled, so that the growth and development of the plants in the facility are not or rarely restricted by natural conditions.
The light regulation and control of plant growth utilizes artificial light source to improve the light environment of agricultural facilities, the photosynthetic efficiency of crops is high, and the stable yield and the yield increase can be realized. In the actual production process, the three aspects of illumination intensity (light quantum flux density), light quality (spectrum component combination) and photoperiod (sunlight duration) are often used for regulating and controlling the growth and development of plants. The construction of the light environment conditions meeting the photosynthesis of plants to the maximum extent is a key factor for improving the photosynthetic efficiency, increasing the accumulation of organic matters, improving the yield and improving the quality, and has important significance for improving the quality, increasing the efficiency and transforming and upgrading the modern facility horticulture industry.
The muskmelon is a favorite illumination crop, and besides temperature and humidity management, light environment management is needed when the muskmelon is cultivated in a full-artificial light utilization type plant factory. The optical compensation point of the muskmelon with thin skin is 66.7 mu mol/(m) 2 S) at the point of light compensation, the photosynthetic products of the plantsNot accumulating, and all using for self consumption; the illumination intensity is higher than the light compensation point, and the photosynthetic products of the plants begin to accumulate; the light intensity is lower than the light compensation point, the stored photosynthetic products start to supply for the growth of plants, and the plants wither and die due to the lack of nutrition for a long time. The light saturation point of the muskmelon is 1146.6 [ mu ] mol/(m) 2 S) illumination intensity above the light saturation point (1146.6 μmol/(m) 2 S) of about 55 to 60klx) and the photosynthetic strength of the plant is not increased any more. The illumination intensity is 66.7 to 1146.6 mu mol/(m) 2 S), the melon can grow normally in 10-14 hours or more of sunshine, and the continuous high-intensity illumination for more than 14 hours is easy to cause light energy waste.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a light control method for the growth of the cucumis melo cultivated in a plant factory with full artificial light utilization, which is beneficial to improving the light utilization efficiency of the cucumis melo and improving the quality of the cucumis melo.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is a light control method for the growth of the cucumis melo cultivated in a plant factory with full artificial light utilization, which comprises the following steps: adjusting the illumination intensity of the top of the muskmelon seedling in different growth periods, wherein the illumination intensity in the seedling period is 100-200 mu mol/(m) 2 S) the illumination intensity of the tendril-pulling period is 150-500 mu mol/(m) 2 S) the light intensity in the flower and fruit period is 150 to 500 [ mu ] mol/(m) 2 ·s)。
The thin-skin melon is cultivated in a full artificial light type plant factory, wherein the infrastructure can be composed of any structure, and the test materials adopted in the cultivation process are all common commercial products and are not limited herein. In a full-artificial light utilization type plant factory, an energy-saving LED plant growth lamp is used as a light source, and refrigeration-heating bidirectional temperature regulation, humidity control and illumination-CO are adopted 2 The control subsystem which is coupled with the photosynthesis, the regulation and control of gas fertilizer, the on-line detection and control of nutrient solution and the like is capable of carrying out real-time control on the temperature, the humidity, the illumination, the airflow and the CO of the plant factory 2 The concentration, nutrient solution and other environmental elements are automatically monitored, and intelligent management is realized. During the growth of the thin-skinned melon, the plantsThe light energy obtained in the growth process is provided by the LED artificial light source, direct sunlight and scattered light are not involved, the artificial light source is adopted to adjust the illumination intensity received by the tops of the seedlings of the muskmelon in different growth periods, and the obtained light energy is provided by the LED artificial light source. The growing period of the thin-skin melon is divided into a seedling period, a tendril pulling period and a flower and fruit period.
The seedling stage of the thin-skin melon is that seeds sprout to 4-5 leaves are unfolded, and generally 20-25 days are needed. The illumination intensity of the seedling stage is adjusted to be 100-200 mu mol/(m) by adopting an artificial light source 2 S) including infrared, red, blue, continuous visible and ultraviolet. The peak wavelength of the infrared ray is 750-1000 nm, the peak wavelength of the red light is 610-660 nm, the peak wavelength of the blue light is 430-480 nm, the peak wavelength of the ultraviolet ray is 280-400 nm, the continuous visible light is a broadband spectrum, and the light wavelength range is 400-760 nm. The artificial light source comprises 0-3% of infrared rays, 65-85% of red light, 15-30% of blue light, 0-10% of continuous visible light and 0-3% of ultraviolet light in terms of light quality spectrum integral percentage, and preferably comprises 0-3% of infrared rays, 75-85% of red light, 15-25% of blue light and 0-5% of continuous visible light. The total daily effective illumination time of the muskmelon in the seedling stage is 10-15 h, and preferably 12-15 h. The total effective illumination time is that the illumination intensity received by the top of the muskmelon seedling is higher than 66 mu mol/(m) 2 S) cumulative illumination time period.
Preferably, the environment temperature of the thin-skin melon in the seedling stage is 12-30 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 50-80%. When the LED artificial light source is used, the temperature of the environment for cultivating the thin-skin muskmelon is 20-30 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is 65-80%, and CO is used 2 The concentration is higher than 75.5. mu.L/L. The method adopts the conventional cultivation technology in the seedling stage of the muskmelon, and is not limited herein.
After the seedling period, entering the tendril pulling period of the muskmelon. The tendril-leaved melon has the tendril-leaved period from 4-5 leaves to the 1 st female flower, and generally needs 20-25 days. The illumination intensity of the tendril pulling period is adjusted to be 150-500 mu mol/(m) by adopting an artificial light source 2 S) the artificial light source comprises redExternal light, red light, blue light, continuous visible light and ultraviolet light. The peak wavelength of the infrared ray is 750-1000 nm, the peak wavelength of the red light is 610-660 nm, the peak wavelength of the blue light is 430-480 nm, the peak wavelength of the ultraviolet ray is 280-400 nm, the continuous visible light is a broadband spectrum, and the light wavelength range is 400-760 nm. The artificial light source comprises 0-3% of infrared rays, 65-85% of red light, 15-30% of blue light, 0-10% of continuous visible light and 0-3% of ultraviolet light in terms of light quality spectrum integral percentage, and preferably comprises 65-85% of red light, 20-30% of blue light, 0-10% of continuous visible light and 0-3% of ultraviolet light. The total daily effective illumination time of the muskmelon in the seedling stage is 10-15 h, preferably 10-12 h. The total effective illumination time is that the illumination intensity received by the top of the muskmelon seedling is higher than 66 mu mol/(m) 2 S) cumulative illumination time period.
Preferably, the ambient temperature of the muskmelon in the tendril-leaved melon tendril-leaved period is 12-30 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 50-80%. When the LED artificial light source is used, the temperature of the environment for cultivating the thin-skin muskmelon is 20-30 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is 65-80%, and CO is used 2 The concentration is higher than 75.5. mu.L/L. The invention adopts the conventional cultivation technology in the tendril-leaved muskmelon vine-pulling period, and is not limited herein.
After the vine-pumping period, the flowering and fruit period of the muskmelon is entered. The flowering and fruit period of the thin-skin melon is from the 1 st female flower blooming to the fruiting seedling pulling, and generally 18-20 days are needed. The illumination intensity of the flower and fruit period is adjusted to be 150-500 mu mol/(m) by adopting an artificial light source 2 S) including infrared, red, blue, continuous visible and ultraviolet. The peak wavelength of the infrared ray is 750-1000 nm, the peak wavelength of the red light is 610-660 nm, the peak wavelength of the blue light is 430-480 nm, the peak wavelength of the ultraviolet ray is 280-400 nm, the continuous visible light is a broadband spectrum, and the optical wavelength range is 400-760 nm. The artificial light source comprises 0-3% of infrared rays, 65-85% of red light, 15-30% of blue light, 0-10% of continuous visible light and 0-3% of ultraviolet light in terms of light quality spectrum integral percentage, and preferably 65-85% of red light, 20-30% of blue light, 0-10% of continuous visible light and 0-3% of purple lightThe outer line. The total daily effective illumination time of the muskmelon in the flowering and fruit period is 10-15 h, and preferably 12-14 h. The total effective illumination time is that the illumination intensity received by the top of the muskmelon seedling is higher than 66 mu mol/(m) 2 S) cumulative illumination time period.
Preferably, the environment temperature of the muskmelon in the flowering phase is 12-30 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 50-80%. When the LED artificial light source is used, the temperature of the environment for cultivating the thin-skin muskmelon is 20-30 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is 65-80%, and CO is used 2 The concentration is higher than 75.5. mu.L/L. The method adopts the conventional cultivation technology in the flowering and fruit period of the thin-skin melon, and is not limited herein.
The invention provides a light control method for growth of a muskmelon cultivated in a plant factory by utilizing full-artificial light, which comprises the following steps: adjusting the intensity of light received by the top of the seedling of the muskmelon in different growth periods, wherein the intensity of light in the seedling period is 100-200 mu mol/(m) 2 S) the illumination intensity in the tendril drawing period is 150-500 mu mol/(m) 2 S) the light intensity in the flower and fruit period is 150 to 500 [ mu ] mol/(m) 2 S). The invention sets the illumination environment parameters according to the light demand characteristics of the muskmelon in different physiological periods, gives different light environment parameters in different growth periods of the muskmelon seedlings, and provides a spectrum with higher absorption and utilization rate, proper light intensity and circadian rhythm for the muskmelon in each growth period by combining the environment change conditions of temperature, humidity and the like. Experimental results show that the light regulation and control method adopted by the invention can ensure normal growth of seedlings, improve the photo-chemical conversion efficiency, the strong seedling rate and the disease resistance of crops, stabilize the yield of melons, improve the quality of melons and provide a scientific, energy-saving and proper facility light regulation and control scheme for cultivation of the cucumis melo in a full-artificial light utilization plant factory.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the muskmelon (the black willow seed and white pear crisp muskmelon) is cultivated in a full-artificial light utilization type plant factory (a climate chamber of rare earth sulfide and rare earth light source courtyard workstation in Mongolia Utou city), the conventional cultivation technology is adopted, and light energy obtained in the plant growth process is completely provided by an LED artificial light source and does not relate to direct solar light and scattered light.
Seeding and raising seedlings 5, 4 and 5 months in 2019, wherein the germination rate reaches over 95 percent in 13 days in 5 months, and the seedlings enter the seedling stage of the thin-skin melon. The illumination intensity of the top of the muskmelon seedling is adjusted to be 200 mu mol/(m) by adopting an LED artificial light source 2 S) comprising 80% red light (red peak wavelength 630nm) and 20% blue light (blue peak wavelength 450nm) in percent of integrated light mass spectrum. The total daily effective illumination time of the seedling stage of the muskmelon is 12h, and the total effective illumination time is that the illumination intensity received by the top of the muskmelon seedling is higher than 66 mu mol/(m) 2 S) cumulative illumination time period. The conventional cultivation technology is adopted in the seedling stage of the thin-skin melon, the ambient temperature is 12-30 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 50-80%. When the LED artificial light source is used, the temperature of the environment for cultivating the thin-skin muskmelon is 20-30 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is 65-80%, and CO is used 2 The concentration is higher than 75.5. mu.L/L.
The vine pulling period of the muskmelon is entered in 6 months and 10 days in 2019. The illumination intensity of the top of the muskmelon seedling is adjusted to be 200 mu mol/(m) by adopting an LED artificial light source 2 S) comprising 80% red light (red peak wavelength 630nm) and 20% blue light (blue peak wavelength 450nm) in percent of integrated light mass spectrum. The total daily effective illumination time of the tendril-leaved muskmelon in the tendril-leaved muskmelon vine growing period is 12h, and the total effective illumination time is that the illumination intensity received by the top of the seedlings of the muskmelon is higher than 66 mu mol/(m) 2 S) cumulative illumination time period. The thin-skin melon vine-growing period adopts a conventional cultivation technology, the ambient temperature is 12-30 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 50-80%. When the LED artificial light source is used, the temperature of the environment for cultivating the thin-skin muskmelon is 20-30 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is 65-80%, and CO is used 2 The concentration is higher than 75.5. mu.L/L.
And 7, 4 days in 2019, the flowering phase of the cucumis melo is entered. The illumination intensity of the top of the muskmelon seedling is adjusted to be 200 mu mol/(m) by adopting an LED artificial light source 2 S) comprising 80% red light (red peak wavelength 630nm) and 20% blue light (blue peak wavelength 450nm) in percent of integrated light mass spectrum. The daily total effective illumination time of the flowering phase of the thin-skin muskmelon is 12h, and the total effective illumination time is that the illumination intensity received by the top of the thin-skin muskmelon seedling is higher than 66 mu mol/(m) 2 S) cumulative illumination time period. The conventional cultivation technology is adopted in the flowering and fruit period of the thin-skin muskmelon, the ambient temperature is 12-30 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 50-80%. When the LED artificial light source is used, the temperature of the environment for cultivating the thin-skin muskmelon is 20-30 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is 65-80%, and CO is used 2 The concentration is higher than 75.5. mu.L/L. The time from the flowering of the thin-skin melon to the harvest of the first crop of fruits is about 25-30 days.
Example 2:
the muskmelon (the black willow seed and white pear crisp muskmelon) is cultivated in a full-artificial light utilization type plant factory (a climate chamber of rare earth sulfide and rare earth light source courtyard workstation in Mongolia Utou city), the conventional cultivation technology is adopted, and light energy obtained in the plant growth process is completely provided by an LED artificial light source and does not relate to direct solar light and scattered light.
Seeding and raising seedlings 5, 4 and 5 months in 2019, wherein the germination rate reaches over 95 percent in 13 days in 5 months, and the seedlings enter the seedling stage of the thin-skin melon. The illumination intensity of the top of the muskmelon seedling is adjusted to be 200 mu mol/(m) by adopting an LED artificial light source 2 S) comprising, in percent integrated light mass spectra, 85% red light (peak wavelength of red light 630nm) and 15% blue light (peak wavelength of blue light 450 nm). The total daily effective illumination time of the seedling stage of the muskmelon is 12h, and the total effective illumination time is that the illumination intensity received by the top of the muskmelon seedling is higher than 66 mu mol/(m) 2 S) cumulative illumination time period. The conventional cultivation technology is adopted in the seedling stage of the thin-skin melon, the ambient temperature is 12-30 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 50-80%. When the LED artificial light source is used, the temperature of the environment for cultivating the thin-skin muskmelon is 20-30 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is 65-80%, and CO is used 2 The concentration is higher than 75.5. mu.L/L.
The vine pulling period of the muskmelon is entered in 6 months and 7 days in 2019. The top illumination intensity of the muskmelon seedlings is adjusted to 300 mu mol/(m) by adopting an LED artificial light source 2 S) comprising 80% of red light (peak wavelength of red light 630nm) and 20% of blue light (peak wavelength of blue light 450nm) in percentage of the integral of the light mass spectrum. The total daily effective illumination time of the tendril-leaved muskmelon in the tendril-leaved muskmelon vine growing period is 11h, and the total effective illumination time is that the illumination intensity received by the top of the seedlings of the muskmelon is higher than 66 mu mol/(m) 2 S) cumulative illumination time period. The vine-growing period of the thin-peel muskmelon adopts a conventional cultivation technology, the ambient temperature is 12-30 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 50-80%. When the LED artificial light source is used, the temperature of the environment for cultivating the thin-skin muskmelon is 20-30 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is 65-80%, and CO is used 2 The concentration is higher than 75.5. mu.L/L.
And 6, month and 30 days in 2019, the flowering phase of the cucumis melo is entered. The illumination intensity of the top of the muskmelon seedling is adjusted to 300 mu mol/(m) by adopting an LED artificial light source 2 S) comprising 80% red light (red peak wavelength 630nm) and 20% blue light (blue peak wavelength 450nm) in percent of integrated light mass spectrum. The total daily effective illumination time of the flowering phase of the thin-skin muskmelon is 13h, and the total effective illumination time is that the illumination intensity received by the top of the thin-skin muskmelon seedling is higher than 66 mu mol/(m) 2 S) cumulative illumination time period. The conventional cultivation technology is adopted in the flowering and fruit period of the thin-skin muskmelon, the ambient temperature is 12-30 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 50-80%. When the LED artificial light source is used, the temperature of the environment for cultivating the thin-skin muskmelon is 20-30 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is 65-80%, and CO is used 2 The concentration is higher than 75.5. mu.L/L. The time from the flowering of the muskmelon to the harvest of the first crop of fruits is about 23-35 days.
Example 3:
the muskmelon (the black willow seed and white pear crisp muskmelon) is cultivated in a full-artificial light utilization type plant factory (a climate chamber of rare earth sulfide and rare earth light source courtyard workstation in Mongolia Utou city), the conventional cultivation technology is adopted, and light energy obtained in the plant growth process is completely provided by an LED artificial light source and does not relate to direct solar light and scattered light.
Seeding and raising seedlings 5, 4 and 5 months in 2019, wherein the germination rate reaches over 95 percent in 12 days in 5 months, and the seedlings enter the seedling stage of the thin-skin melon. The illumination intensity of the top of the muskmelon seedling is adjusted to be 200 mu mol/(m) by adopting an LED artificial light source 2 S) comprising, in percent by mass integral of the light spectrum, 3% of infrared light (infrared wavelength 800nm), 75% of red light (red peak wavelength 630nm), 20% of blue light (blue peak wavelength 450nm) and 2% of continuous visible light (continuous visible wavelength range 400-760 nm). The daily total effective illumination time of the seedling stage of the muskmelon is 12h, and the total effective illumination time is that the intensity of the illumination received by the top of the muskmelon seedling is higher than 66 mu mol/(m) 2 S) cumulative illumination time period. The conventional cultivation technology is adopted in the seedling stage of the thin-skin melon, the ambient temperature is 12-30 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 50-80%. When the LED artificial light source is used, the temperature of the environment for cultivating the thin-skin muskmelon is 20-30 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is 65-80%, and CO is used 2 The concentration was higher than 75.5. mu.L/L.
The vine pulling period of the muskmelon is entered in 6 months and 5 days in 2019. The top illumination intensity of the muskmelon seedlings is adjusted to 300 mu mol/(m) by adopting an LED artificial light source 2 S) comprising, in percent by mass integral of the light spectrum, 75% red light (peak red wavelength 630nm), 20% blue light (peak blue wavelength 450nm), 2% continuous visible light (continuous visible wavelength range 400-760 nm) and 3% ultraviolet light (ultraviolet wavelength 385 nm). The total daily effective illumination time of the tendril-leaved muskmelon in the tendril-leaved muskmelon vine growing period is 11h, and the total effective illumination time is that the illumination intensity received by the top of the seedlings of the muskmelon is higher than 66 mu mol/(m) 2 S) cumulative illumination time period. The thin-skin melon vine-growing period adopts a conventional cultivation technology, the ambient temperature is 12-30 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 50-80%. When the LED artificial light source is used, the temperature of the environment for cultivating the thin-skin muskmelon is 20-30 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is 65-80%, and CO is used 2 The concentration is higher than 75.5. mu.L/L.
Entering the flower and fruit period of the muskmelon in 2019, 6 months and 28 days. The illumination intensity of the top of the muskmelon seedling is adjusted to 300 mu mol/(m) by adopting an LED artificial light source 2 S), the artificial light source LED is artificialThe light source comprises 75% of red light (the peak wavelength of the red light is 630nm), 20% of blue light (the peak wavelength of the blue light is 450nm), 2% of continuous visible light (the continuous visible light wavelength range is 400-760 nm) and 3% of ultraviolet light (the ultraviolet light wavelength is 385nm) according to the integral percentage of the light quality spectrum. The total daily effective illumination time of the flowering phase of the thin-skin muskmelon is 13h, and the total effective illumination time is that the illumination intensity received by the top of the thin-skin muskmelon seedling is higher than 66 mu mol/(m) 2 S) cumulative illumination time period. The conventional cultivation technology is adopted in the flowering and fruit period of the thin-skin muskmelon, the ambient temperature is 12-30 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 50-80%. When the LED artificial light source is used, the temperature of the environment for cultivating the thin-skin muskmelon is 20-30 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is 65-80%, and CO is used 2 The concentration is higher than 75.5. mu.L/L. The time from the flowering of the muskmelon to the harvest of the first crop of fruits is about 20-32 days.
Comparative example 1:
the light regulation of the cucumis melo at different growth stages was carried out according to the method of example 1, wherein the artificial light source was a full visible band white light with a color temperature of 6000K.
Seeding and seedling raising are carried out in 12 days in 1 month and 1 month in 2019, the germination rate reaches over 95 percent in 21 days in 1 month, and the thin-peel melon enters the seedling stage growth period. The muskmelon enters the growing period of the tendril-leaved melon at 2 months and 16 days. And 3, the 3-month 16-day muskmelon enters the growth period of the flower and fruit stage. The first crop of fruits is harvested in 4 months and 15 days.
Comparative example 2:
the light control of the muskmelon at different growth stages was carried out according to the method of example 1, wherein the illumination intensity at the top of the muskmelon seedlings at different growth stages was 200. mu. mol/(m) 2 S), the artificial light source comprising: 90% red and 10% blue.
Seeding and seedling raising are carried out in 2019 in 12 days in 1 month and 21 days in 1 month, the germination rate reaches over 95 percent, and the thin-peel melon enters the seedling stage growth period. The muskmelon enters the tendril-pulling stage growth period at 2 months and 15 days. And 3, the thin-skin melon enters the growth period of the flower and fruit stage in 15 days in 3 months. The first crop of fruits is harvested 4 months and 14 days.
Comparative example 3:
light control of the Pepper melon at different growth stages was carried out according to the method of example 1, wherein the Pepper melon at different growth stagesThe illumination intensity at the top of the seedling is 200 mu mol/(m) 2 S), the artificial light source comprising: 50% red and 50% blue.
Seeding and seedling raising are carried out in 2019 in 12 days in 1 month and 21 days in 1 month, the germination rate reaches over 95 percent, and the thin-peel melon enters the seedling stage growth period. The muskmelon enters the tendril-pulling stage growth period at 2 months and 18 days. The thin-skin melon enters the growth period of the flower and fruit stage after 3 months and 20 days. The first crop of fruits is harvested in 4 months and 22 days.
The time periods of the thin-skin melons of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 in different growth periods were observed, and the results are shown in table 1, where table 1 is the growth time periods of the thin-skin melons in different growth periods.
TABLE 1 growth time of thin-skinned melon at different growth stages
| Treatment of | Seedling stage (sky) | Tendril stage (Tian) | Time from flowering to harvesting of first crop fruit (day) |
| Example 1 | 25～30 | 23～25 | 25～35 |
| Example 2 | 23～28 | 22～25 | 23～35 |
| Example 3 | 23～25 | 20～25 | 20～32 |
| Comparative example 1 | 28～35 | 28～35 | 30～40 |
| Comparative example 2 | 25～30 | 25～30 | 28～38 |
| Comparative example 3 | 28～32 | 28～32 | 30～40 |
Experimental results show that the seedling period of the thin-skin melon in the comparative example 1 is about 28-35 days, the tendril pulling period is about 28-35 days, and the first crop of fruits can be harvested 30-40 days after flowering. Compared with the comparative example 1, the light control method provided by the invention can shorten the growth period, wherein the thin-skin melon in the embodiment 1 matures for 7-13 days, the thin-skin melon in the embodiment 2 matures for 11-18 days, and the thin-skin melon in the embodiment 3 matures for 16-23 days.
The seedling stage of the thin-skin melon seedling of the comparative example 2 is about 25 to 30 days, the tendril pulling stage is about 25 to 30 days, and the first crop of fruits can be harvested after 28 to 38 days after flowering. Compared with the comparative example 2, the light control method provided by the invention can shorten the growth period, wherein the thin-skin melon in the example 1 ripens for about 5 days, the thin-skin melon in the example 2 ripens for about 10 days, and the thin-skin melon in the example 3 ripens for about 15 days.
The seedling stage of the thin-skin melon seedling of the comparative example 3 is 28-32 days, the tendril pulling stage is 28-32 days, and the first crop of fruits can be harvested 30-40 days after flowering. Compared with the comparative example 3, the light control method provided by the invention can shorten the growth period, wherein the thin-skin melon in the example 1 ripens for about 13 days, the thin-skin melon in the example 2 ripens for about 17 days, and the thin-skin melon in the example 3 ripens for about 16 days.
The individual fruit weight and the yield per cell of the muskmelon fruits obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were measured, respectively, and the soluble solid content was measured by a refractometer, the soluble sugar content was measured by a colorimetric method, and the vitamin C content was measured by a 2, 6-dichloroindophenol titration method. The melon fruit nutrients and yields of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in table 2, and table 2 shows the effect of different light control treatments on the melon nutrients and yields.
TABLE 2 Effect of different light-controlled treatments on the nutrient content and yield of the melon peels
The experimental result shows that compared with the comparative example 1 (white artificial light source), the content of the soluble solid matters of the muskmelon in the comparative example 2 (high percentage of red light in the artificial light source) is reduced by 14.18 percent, the content of the soluble sugar is increased by 0.65 percent, and the content of the vitamin C is increased by 1.25 percent; in a comparative example 3 (the percentage of blue light in an artificial light source is high), the content of soluble solids of the muskmelon under the irradiation is reduced by 5.94%, the content of soluble sugar is reduced by 3.44%, and the content of vitamin C is increased by 3.76%. In embodiments 1 to 3, the invention adopts a proper combined artificial light source, and the obtained nutritive substances of the muskmelon are improved to different degrees. Compared with the comparative example 1 (white artificial light source), the single fruit weight of the examples 1-3 is respectively increased by 11.10%, 4.59% and 9.37%, and the cell yield is respectively increased by 11.30%, 12.48% and 13.87%. The yield of the muskmelon in the light-controlled areas of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 is 790.42kg, 798.77kg, 808.70kg, 710.17kg, 755.75kg and 695.72kg respectively, and the yield per mu is 2409.16kg, 2112.74kg, 2139.01kg, 1878.39kg, 1998.96kg and 1840.18kg respectively. By adopting the light regulation and control method for the cucumis melo provided by the invention, the content of nutrient substances in the fruit can be increased, and the fruit yield can be increased.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A light control method for growth of a muskmelon cultivated in a plant factory in a fully artificial light utilization type is characterized by comprising the following steps: adjusting the illumination intensity received by the top of the seedling of the muskmelon in different growth periods, wherein the illumination intensity in the seedling period is 100-200 mu mol/(m) 2 S) the illumination intensity in the tendril drawing period is 150-500 mu mol/(m) 2 S) the light intensity in the flower and fruit period is 150 to 500 [ mu ] mol/(m) 2 ·s)。
2. The method for controlling the growth of cucumis melo as claimed in claim 1, wherein the artificial light source is used to control the intensity of light received at the top of seedlings of cucumis melo in different growth periods.
3. The method for controlling the growth of cucumis melo in a plant factory of the type that uses artificial light as claimed in claim 2, wherein the artificial light source comprises infrared, red, blue, continuous visible and ultraviolet light.
4. The light control method for the growth of cucumis melo cultivated in a plant by using total artificial light according to claim 3, wherein the peak wavelength of the infrared light is 750 to 1000nm, the peak wavelength of the red light is 610 to 660nm, the peak wavelength of the blue light is 430 to 480nm, and the peak wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 280 to 400 nm.
5. The light control method for the growth of the cucumis melo cultivated in the plant of the total artificial light utilization type according to claim 3, wherein the artificial light source comprises 0 to 3% of infrared light, 65 to 85% of red light, 15 to 30% of blue light, 0 to 10% of continuous visible light and 0 to 3% of ultraviolet light in terms of the integral percentage of the light quality spectrum.
6. The light control method for the growth of the cucumis melo cultivated in the plant factory with full artificial light utilization according to claim 5, wherein the artificial light sources of the cucumis melo in different growth periods are as follows:
the seedling stage comprises: 0-3% of infrared rays, 75-85% of red light, 15-25% of blue light and 0-5% of continuous visible light;
the tendril-pulling period comprises: 65-85% of red light, 20-30% of blue light, 0-10% of continuous visible light and 0-3% of ultraviolet light;
the flower and fruit period comprises: 65-85% of red light, 20-30% of blue light, 0-10% of continuous visible light and 0-3% of ultraviolet light.
7. The light control method for the growth of the cucumis melo cultivated in the plant factory with full artificial light utilization according to claim 2, wherein the total daily effective illumination time of the cucumis melo is 10-15 h.
8. The light control method for growth of the cucumis melo cultivated by the full-artificial light utilization type plant factory according to claim 7, wherein the total daily effective illumination time of the cucumis melo at the seedling stage is 12-15 h;
the total daily effective illumination time of the muskmelon in the tendril drawing period is 10-12 h;
the daily total effective illumination time of the muskmelon in the flowering and fruit period is 12-14 h.
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