CN113475344B - Light-fertilizer interaction planting method for improving chlorophyll total amount and root activity of chlorophyll of chlorophytum comosum - Google Patents
Light-fertilizer interaction planting method for improving chlorophyll total amount and root activity of chlorophyll of chlorophytum comosum Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
- A01G22/63—Orchids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
Abstract
The invention discloses a light-fertilizer interaction planting method for improving the total chlorophyll amount and root activity of chlorophytum comosum. According to the method, the light intensity management and the fertilizer management in the chlorophytum comosum planting process are combined, the chlorophyl content and the root activity of the chlorophytum comosum are improved through the interaction of the light and the fertilizer, the quality and the yield of the chlorophytum comosum are effectively improved, and the economic benefit is increased. Meanwhile, the planting mode can provide theoretical reference for the illumination intensity management and the fertilizer management of the intelligent agricultural greenhouse.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection, and provides a novel planting mode which can more effectively utilize sunlight and nitrogen to synthesize chlorophyll and enhance root activity by regulating and controlling the nitrogen fertilizer application amount and illumination intensity of a greenhouse planting field, thereby improving the quality of chlorophytum comosum.
Background
Chlorophytum comosum Baker also known as Yulan, gui Lan not only can absorb carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide, but also can reduce the stimulation of strong light to eyes, is one of the best plants for purifying indoor air, and is known as a 'family green purifier'. Light is one of the most important ecological factors influencing the growth and development of garden plants, and mainly influences the growth and quality of chlorophytum comosum through two aspects of light quality and light intensity. Researches show that different light waves in the solar radiation spectrum have different effects on the growth and development of plants. Wherein, the red light (600-700 nm) is crucial to the normal development of the photosynthetic organ, and can increase the starch accumulation of the leaves by inhibiting the output of photosynthetic products from the leaves; blue light (400-500 nm) can regulate and control the physiological processes of chlorophyll formation, stomatal opening, biological rhythm and the like; however, green light (510-610 nm), ultraviolet light (290-400 nm in wavelength), etc. are absorbed and utilized by plants at a low rate, and are inefficient wavelengths in photosynthesis, and particularly, high-intensity ultraviolet radiation has a significant inhibitory effect on plant growth and chlorophyll synthesis in vivo (Hou Fujiang, 1998).
Chlorophyll is present in all garden plants, is one of the most important pigments for absorption, transmission and conversion of light energy in nature, and has positive effects on human bodies in addition to photosynthesis. The activity of the root system generally refers to the absorption, synthesis, oxidation and reduction capability of the root system, and is a physiological index for objectively reflecting the life activity of the root system. The growth condition and activity level of the roots directly influence the nutrition condition and yield level of the overground part, and the higher the activity of the roots is, the stronger the absorption effect of the roots is. Plant chlorophyll content and root development are closely related to light intensity (Li Jing et al, 2008; cunjunming et al, 2013). Under the condition that in certain illumination intensity within range, other conditions satisfy, along with the increase of illumination intensity, photosynthesis intensity no longer strengthens, and when illumination intensity was too strong, can destroy the protoplasm, arouses chlorophyll to decompose, perhaps makes the cell lose water too much and make the gas pocket close, causes photosynthesis to weaken, even stops, has restrained root system vigor simultaneously. When the illumination intensity is weak, the photosynthesis of the plant produces less organic substances than the respiration, the root activity is reduced, and the plant even stops growing. It can be seen that plants can only grow normally when the intensity of light meets the requirements of photosynthesis. Different plants have different requirements on light, the chlorophytum comosum belongs to shade-tolerant plants, the light compensation point of the chlorophytum comosum is about 300lux, and when the illumination intensity is lower than the value, leaves are yellowish green, whitish, overgrown, thin and weak but not robust, and are easy to rot roots and infect diseases; the light saturation point is only 8000-10000 lux, and when the light saturation point is higher than the value, the leaves of the chlorophytum comosum are sunburned, the root activity is inhibited and the ornamental value is influenced. Therefore, the chlorophytum comosum is subjected to light intensity management to facilitate the growth and development of the chlorophytum comosum.
Besides the light intensity, chlorophyll and root activity are also closely related to the nutrients. Nitrogen is one of the major components of chlorophyll synthesis, and its application can promote chlorophyll synthesis and increase the net photosynthetic rate of leaves (Wang Hongli et al, 2021). If the nitrogen element is insufficient, the photosynthesis is reduced, and the yield is not high; however, if the nitrogen content is excessive, although the plants can be maintained to grow well in a short period of time, the conventional method not only causes waste, but also causes problems such as diseases caused by excess nutrition, reduction in plant yield and quality, and the like, and affects the quality of the planting soil and the surrounding environment. Therefore, fertilizer management is also very important for the synthesis of plant chlorophyll and the enhancement of root activity. Researches show that under the condition of low light intensity, the excessive fertilizing amount can make the plant root system not easy to absorb, thereby causing the root system to have difficulty in breathing and reduced activity, and having no effect on the improvement of the plant chlorophyll; under the condition of strong light, the nitrogen consumption of the leaves is large, and if the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is increased in a normal range, the photosynthetic rate is favorably improved, and the chlorophyll content is increased. It can be seen that the light intensity and fertilizer supplement each other during plant growth (Cai Weijuan et al, 1988).
Facility cultivation is one of the important garden plant planting modes in China, high-yield garden seedlings can be obtained through reasonable greenhouse management, and economic benefits are increased. So far, many reports have been made on the research on the influence of light intensity or nitrogen fertilizer on the aspects of plant growth and development, physiological metabolism and the like in a greenhouse, but the research on improving the chlorophyll content of chlorophylls and enhancing the root activity through the interaction of light and fertilizer is few. Based on the method, the light intensity management and the fertilizer management in the chlorophytum comosum planting process are combined, the chlorophyl content and the root activity of the chlorophytum comosum are improved through the interaction of the light and the fertilizer, the quality and the yield of the chlorophytum comosum are effectively improved, and the economic benefit is increased. Meanwhile, the planting mode can provide theoretical reference for the illumination intensity management and the fertilizer management of the intelligent agricultural greenhouse.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a light-fertilizer interaction planting mode for improving the chlorophyll content and the root activity of chlorophylum comosum. The chlorophyll content and the root activity in the leaf vegetables are improved by the coordination and regulation of the light intensity control and the fertilizer application amount, so that the quality and the yield of the chlorophytum comosum are effectively improved.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps that (1) an LED light source, a shading system, a luminance sensor and a controller are arranged in a greenhouse shed with temperature and humidity control; planting chlorophytum comosum in a pot in a greenhouse, wherein one chlorophytum comosum is planted in each pot;
the illuminance sensor is used for monitoring and recording the intensity of light rays in the greenhouse;
the controller is used for receiving signals of the illuminance sensor and controlling the LED light source and the shading system to be opened and closed;
preferably, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 15-30 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 50-70%;
preferably, the illuminance sensor is located 30-40cm above the plant growing area;
preferably, the pot culture is 10cm in diameter and 10cm in height;
before planting, adding 600-1000 g of soil or matrix into each pot plant, and adding an organic fertilizer or a compound fertilizer; the application amount is calculated by the total amount of nitrogen, the addition amount of the organic fertilizer or the compound fertilizer adopts the nitrogen application amount of the fertilizer in winter (12 months to 2 months) of 0.8 to 1.3g N per basin; the nitrogen application amount of the fertilizer in spring and autumn (3-5 months, 9-11) is 1.3-1.8g N/pot; in summer (6-8 months), the nitrogen application amount of the fertilizer is 1.8-2.5 gN/pot;
preferably, the mass of the soil or substrate in each pot is 800g;
preferably, the total nitrogen content of the soil is measured by adopting a semi-micro Kelvin method (NY/T53-1987);
step (3), transplanting the chlorophytum comosum seedlings to the flower pots, controlling the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, irrigating the plants and killing insects, and performing conventional treatment; when the illumination intensity is lower than 300Lux, the lamp is not turned on, and the controller controls the LED lamp to be turned on for light supplement; when the illumination intensity is higher than 300Lux and lower than 10000Lux, the controller controls the shading system to be closed; when the illumination intensity is higher than 10000Lux and lower than 20000Lux, the controller controls the shading system to be opened, and shading cloth with 75% of light transmittance is selected for shading; when the illumination intensity is higher than 20000Lux and lower than 40000Lux, the controller controls the shading system to be opened, and shading cloth with 50% of light transmittance is selected for shading; when the illumination intensity is higher than 40000Lux, the controller controls the shading system to be opened, and shading cloth with the light transmittance of less than 25% is selected for shading;
preferably, the height of the transplanted chlorophytum comosum is 5cm;
preferably, the illumination in the greenhouse is controlled in the following ways that the illumination time in winter (12-2 months) is 6 to 17;
and (4) planting the chlorophytum comosum till the chlorophytum comosum can be sold, measuring the chlorophyll content (expressed by SPAD value) of the chlorophytum comosum leaves by using a portable chlorophyllin instrument, and measuring the root activity of the chlorophyllium comosum by using a triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the light intensity management and the fertilizer management in the chlorophytum comosum planting process are combined, the chlorophyl content and the root activity of the chlorophytum comosum are improved through the interaction of the light and the fertilizer, the quality and the yield of the chlorophytum comosum are effectively improved, and the economic benefit is increased. Meanwhile, the planting mode can provide theoretical reference for the illumination intensity management and the fertilizer management of the intelligent agricultural greenhouse.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further analyzed with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1: light-fertilizer interaction planting mode example for improving total chlorophyll amount and root activity of chlorophylum comosum
Planting the golden-edged chlorophytum comosum in a greenhouse with certain temperature control (15-30 ℃) and humidity control (the relative humidity of air is 50-70%) in the Hangzhou Fuyang in 3 months in 2020, planting the golden-edged chlorophytum comosum in a plurality of 10 cm-diameter and 10 cm-height pot plants (one pot per pot), and arranging an LED light source and a shading system in the greenhouse. Before planting, about 800g of soil (the nitrogen content of the soil is 1.76 g/kg) is added into each pot plant, organic fertilizer (the nitrogen content is 11.25 g/kg) is added, the application amount is 1.5g N/pot based on the total nitrogen, and meanwhile, the fertilization amount is 0.8g N/pot and 2.5g N/pot for comparison.
Transplanting the chlorophytum comosum seedlings with the height of about 5cm into a flowerpot, controlling the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, irrigating the plants and killing insects, and performing conventional treatment. Installing an illuminance sensor at a high position of about 30-40cm in the plant planting area in the greenhouse, and timing switching, wherein the starting time is 6-00; the intensity of light in the greenhouse is monitored and recorded through the illuminance sensor, and the greenhouse can be directly connected with related devices such as a light supplementing system and a sun shading system. When the illumination intensity is lower than 300lux, the lamp is not turned on, and the LED lamp is indicated to be turned on for light supplement; when the illumination intensity is higher than 300 and lower than 10000lux, the green light is turned on, and the greenhouse is indicated to be free from shading; when the illumination intensity is higher than 10000 and lower than 20000lux Shi Liang blue lamps, indicating that the greenhouse needs to be shielded, and selecting shading cloth with 75% of light transmittance for shading; when the illumination intensity is higher than 20000 and lower than 40000lux Shi Liang yellow light, indicating that the greenhouse needs to be shielded, and selecting shading cloth with 50% of light transmittance to shield light; when the illumination intensity is higher than 40000lux, the red light is lighted, the greenhouse is indicated to be shielded, and the shading cloth with the light transmittance of less than 25% is selected to shield the light. While setting the process of the no-light intensity control.
The chlorophytum comosum can be sold after being planted to the bottom of 5 months, the chlorophyll content (expressed by SPAD value) of the chlorophytum comosum leaves is measured by a portable chlorophyllin instrument, and the root activity of the chlorophyllin comosum is measured by a triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) method, which is specifically shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Total chlorophyll content and root activity of Chlorophytum comosum in different greenhouse planting modes
It can be seen that in the planting mode with light intensity control, when the fertilizing amount is 1.5 gN/pot, the chlorophyll content and root activity of the leaves are obviously higher than those of other treatments; in a planting mode without light intensity control, the chlorophyll content increases along with the increase of the fertilizing amount, but is obviously smaller than that of the planting mode with light intensity control, and the root activity is reduced when the fertilizing amount is the highest 2.5g N/pot. Therefore, the light intensity control is matched with reasonable fertilization, the purpose of improving the total chlorophyll amount and the root activity of the chloranthus japonicus is achieved.
Example 2: light-fertilizer interaction planting mode example for improving total chlorophyll amount and root activity of chlorophylum comosum
Planting the golden-edged chlorophytum comosum in a greenhouse with certain temperature control (15-30 ℃) and humidity control (the relative humidity of air is 50-70%) in the Hangzhou Fuyang at the beginning of 6 months in 2020, planting the golden-edged chlorophytum comosum in a plurality of 10cm pot plants with the diameter of 10cm and the height of 10cm (one pot per pot), and arranging an LED light source and a shading system in the greenhouse. Before planting, about 800g of culture medium (the nitrogen content of the medium is 2.07 g/kg) is added into each pot plant, compound fertilizer (the nitrogen content is 10 percent) is added, the application amount is 2 gN/pot based on the total nitrogen content, and meanwhile, the fertilization amount is 1g N/pot and is compared with 3 gN/pot.
Transplanting the chlorophytum comosum seedlings with the height of about 5cm into a flowerpot, controlling the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, irrigating the plants and killing insects, and performing conventional treatment. Installing an illuminance sensor at a high position of about 30-40cm in the plant planting area in the greenhouse, and timing switching, wherein the starting time is 5-19; the intensity of light in the greenhouse is monitored and recorded through the illuminance sensor, and the greenhouse can be directly connected with related devices such as a light supplementing system and a sun shading system. When the illumination intensity is lower than 300lux, the lamp is not turned on, and the LED lamp is indicated to be turned on for light supplement; when the illumination intensity is higher than 300 and lower than 10000lux, the green light is turned on, and the greenhouse is indicated to be free from shading; when the illumination intensity is higher than 10000 and lower than 20000lux Shi Liang blue lamps, indicating that the greenhouse needs to be shielded, and selecting a piece of shading cloth with 75% of light transmittance to shield light; when the illumination intensity is higher than 20000 and lower than 40000lux Shi Liang yellow light, indicating that the greenhouse needs to be shielded, and selecting a piece of shading cloth with 50% of light transmittance to shield light; when the illumination intensity is higher than 40000lux, the red light is lighted, the greenhouse is indicated to be shielded, and the shading cloth with the light transmittance of less than 25% is selected to shield the light. While setting the process of the no-light intensity control.
The chlorophytum comosum can be sold after being planted to the bottom of 8 months, the chlorophyll content (represented by SPAD value) of the chlorophyllin leaves of the chlorophyllin is measured by a portable chlorophyllin instrument, and the root activity of the chlorophyllin is measured by a triphenyltetrazolium chloride method (TTC), and the specific table is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Total chlorophyll content and root activity of green She Diaolan in different greenhouse planting modes
It can be seen that in the planting mode with light intensity control, when the fertilizing amount is 2g N per pot, the chlorophyll content and root activity of the leaves are obviously higher than those of other treatments; in a planting mode without light intensity control, the activity of the root system is increased along with the increase of the fertilizing amount, but is obviously smaller than that of the planting mode with light intensity control, and the chlorophyll content is reduced when the fertilizing amount is the highest 3g N/pot. Therefore, the light intensity control is matched with reasonable fertilization, and the purposes of improving the total amount of chlorophyll of the green She Diaolan and the activity of root systems are achieved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A light-fertilizer interaction planting method for improving the total chlorophyll amount and root activity of chlorophylum comosum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that (1) an LED light source, a shading system, a luminance sensor and a controller are arranged in a greenhouse shed with temperature and humidity control; planting chlorophytum comosum in a pot in a greenhouse, and planting one chlorophytum comosum in each pot; wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 15-30 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 50-70%; the illuminance sensor is positioned 30-40cm above the plant planting area;
the illuminance sensor is used for monitoring and recording the intensity of light rays in the greenhouse;
the controller is used for receiving signals of the illuminance sensor and controlling the LED light source and the shading system to be opened and closed;
before planting, adding 600-1000 g of soil or matrix into each pot plant, and adding an organic fertilizer or a compound fertilizer; the application amount is calculated by the total amount of nitrogen, and the addition amount of the organic fertilizer or the compound fertilizer is specifically that if the application amount of the nitrogen in the fertilizer is in winter, the application amount of the nitrogen in the fertilizer is 0.8-1.3g N/basin; in spring and autumn, the nitrogen application amount of the fertilizer is 1.3-1.8g N/pot; in summer, the nitrogen application amount of the fertilizer is 1.8-2.5g N/pot;
transplanting the chlorophytum comosum seedlings with the height of 5cm to a greenhouse in a flowerpot for controlling the temperature and humidity, irrigating the plants and killing insects, and performing conventional treatment; when the illumination intensity is lower than 300Lux, the lamp is not turned on, and the controller controls the LED lamp to be turned on for light supplement; when the illumination intensity is higher than 300Lux and lower than 10000Lux, the controller controls the shading system to be closed; when the illumination intensity is higher than 10000Lux and lower than 20000Lux, the controller controls the shading system to be opened, and shading cloth with 75% of light transmittance is selected for shading; when the illumination intensity is higher than 20000Lux and lower than 40000Lux, the controller controls the shading system to be opened, and shading cloth with 50% of light transmittance is selected for shading; when the illumination intensity is higher than 40000Lux, the controller controls the shading system to be opened, and shading cloth with the light transmittance of less than 25% is selected for shading;
and (4) planting the seeds till the chlorophytum comosum can be sold.
2. The light-fertilizer interaction planting method for improving the total chlorophyll amount and root activity of chlorophylum comosum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the pot plant in the step (1) is 10cm, and the height of the pot plant is 10cm.
3. The light-fertilizer interaction planting method for improving the total chlorophyll amount and root activity of chlorophylum comosum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass of the soil or the substrate in each pot in the step (2) is 800g.
4. The light-fertilizer interaction planting method for improving the total chlorophyll amount and root activity of chlorophylum comosum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total nitrogen content in the soil in the step (2) is measured by a half-micro Kelvin method.
5. The light-fertilizer interaction planting method for improving the total chlorophyll amount and root activity of chlorophylls of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the illumination time in the greenhouse is controlled from 6 to 17 in winter, from 5 to 19 in summer and from 6 to 18 in spring.
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| CN103650814A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2014-03-26 | 中国农业科学院德州盐碱土改良实验站 | Method for measuring use rate of nitrogen balance nitrogen fertilizer of greenhouse pot experiment |
| CN110235709A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-09-17 | 澧县绿之源生态农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time |
| CN111357584A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-07-03 | 邵阳市农业科学研究院 | Early-maturing efficient cultivation method for greenhouse vegetables |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103650814A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2014-03-26 | 中国农业科学院德州盐碱土改良实验站 | Method for measuring use rate of nitrogen balance nitrogen fertilizer of greenhouse pot experiment |
| CN110235709A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-09-17 | 澧县绿之源生态农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time |
| CN111357584A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-07-03 | 邵阳市农业科学研究院 | Early-maturing efficient cultivation method for greenhouse vegetables |
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