CN114891473A - 一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114891473A CN114891473A CN202210677035.3A CN202210677035A CN114891473A CN 114891473 A CN114891473 A CN 114891473A CN 202210677035 A CN202210677035 A CN 202210677035A CN 114891473 A CN114891473 A CN 114891473A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶及制备方法，所述结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，由如下重量份的原料组成：聚醚多元醇10‑40份，可降解聚酯多元醇10‑20份，多异氰酸酯30‑50份，填料5‑30份，扩链剂0.5‑2份，硅烷偶联剂1‑2份，抗氧剂0.05‑0.2份，催化剂0.05‑0.2份。本发明还提供了结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶的制备方法。本发明制备的结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶满足结构用集成材所需的高粘接强度及耐久性，粘接的构建能够完全暴露在室外大气中，对水或湿气有较好的耐受性，且在木材回收时，其胶粘剂可以微生物降解处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于结构集成材用胶粘剂领域，尤其涉及一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶及制备方法。
背景技术
木材作为集可储碳、可再生、可降解、可循环利用等特点为一身的绿色材料，木结构建筑更具有绿色低碳、节能环保、防震减灾、工厂预制、施工高效等优势，因此，发展木结构建筑具有重要意义。随着近年来我国木结构产业的迅速发展，集成材、单板层积材、正交胶合木、定向刨花板等木结构用产品也逐步国产化。其中，集成材是将木材纹理平行的板材或小方材在长度方向上纵向接长或宽度方向上拼成层板再胶合，分为结构集成材和非结构集成材两大类。结构集成材主要用于室内外建筑物承重构件(如弯曲梁、直梁、拱梁、立柱等)，要求粘接强度、耐候性等。室外由于常年风吹日晒雨淋等，所以要求结构集成材用胶粘剂有较高的耐水性、耐候性等。因此，选择集成材用结构胶粘剂不仅要考虑胶粘剂的粘接强度、抗剪切性能，还要考虑其耐久性、固化条件、环保性、操作性能等。
同时考虑到木材的可循环利用性能，选用可降解生物基聚酯多元醇作为主要原料之一，当集成材回收再利用时，其使用的胶粘剂能够生物降解，减轻环境的压力。
传统水性拼板胶不能满足木结构用集成材的粘接强度及耐候性要求，而聚氨酯(PU)结构胶具有粘接强度高及耐候性能好的特点，能够满足木结构建筑的应用强度及耐候性要求，同时不含甲醛等有机溶剂，对人体及环境友好，是值得研究及使用的绿色环保产品。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶及制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，主要由以下重量份的原料组成：聚醚多元醇10-40份，可降解聚酯多元醇10-20份，多异氰酸酯30-份，50填料5-30份，扩链剂0.5-2份，硅烷偶联剂1-2份，抗氧剂0.05-0.2份，催化剂0.05-0.2份。
进一步地，所述聚醚多元醇数均分子量为3000-6000，官能度为2或3。
进一步地，所述可降解聚酯多元醇，是由可再生原料生产的聚酯多元醇，数均分子量为2000-5000，由聚碳酸酯二元醇、聚丙交酯二元醇、聚己内酯多元醇中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
进一步地，所述可降解聚酯多元醇包括上海汇化实业有限公司的Capa系列产品。优选地，由Capa 2200、Capa 2302、Capa 2201A、Capa 7201A、Capa 7203、Capa 3201中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
进一步地，所述可降解聚酯多元醇包括湖南聚仁化工新材料科技有限公司的PCL-2000系列和或PCL-3000系列。优选地，由PCL-2202、PCL-2204、PCL-2205、PCL-2302、PCL-2304、PCL-3207中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
进一步地，所述可降解聚酯多元醇包括赢创工业集团的DYNACOLL Terra系列可再生聚酯多元醇。优选地，由DYNACOLL Terra EP 424.01、EP 424.02、EP 481.01、EP 480.01、EP 480.02中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
进一步地，所述可降解聚酯多元醇由深圳市易生新材料有限公司的聚碳酸酯二元醇PC215、PC220、PC230，聚丙交酯二元醇PLA220B、PLA220M，聚己内酯多元醇PCL230、PCL330中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
进一步地，所述多异氰酸酯包括二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、1，6-己二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述硅烷偶联剂由γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-(β一氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述填料由硅微粉、碳酸钙、钛白粉、硫酸钡、气相二氧化硅、聚酰胺蜡中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述扩链剂由1，4-丁二醇、乙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、1，6-己二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、MOCA、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述抗氧剂由抗氧剂245、抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂1035、抗氧剂168、亚磷酸三苯基酯、亚磷酸二苯基异癸基酯、复合抗氧剂中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述催化剂由辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、钛酸四丁酯、钛酸四异丙酯、螯合锡、双吗啉基二乙基醚中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将10-40份聚醚多元醇、10-20份可降解聚酯多元醇，加入烧瓶中升温溶解，溶解完全后，加入5-30份填料，开启搅拌混合分散均匀，待升温至110℃时，开始抽真空脱水2.5h。
(2)脱水完成后，降温至80℃，通氮气作保护气体，加入30-50份多异氰酸酯和0.05-0.2份抗氧剂，搅拌30分钟后，抽真空升温至100℃保温反应3h。
(3)反应完成后，降温至80℃，通氮气做保护气体，加入0.5-2份扩链剂，搅拌30分钟后，抽真空升温至100℃保温反应2h。
(4)反应结束，降温至40℃，通氮气做保护气体，加入硅烷偶联剂和催化剂，搅拌均匀后，抽真空反应1h后，即可得到所述结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明解决了传统水性拼板胶用于结构用集成材的粘接强度和耐候性问题，也解决了脲醛胶用于结构用集成材的环保问题。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
本发明一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，由以下重量份原料组成：聚醚多元醇15-35份、可降解聚酯多元醇10-30份、多异氰酸酯30-45份、填料5-30份、扩链剂0.5-2份、硅烷偶联剂1-2份、抗氧剂0.05-0.2份、催化剂0.05-0.2份。
所述聚醚多元醇数均分子量为3000-6000，官能度为2或3。
所述可降解聚酯多元醇是由可再生原料生产的聚酯多元醇，数均分子量为2000-5000，包括聚碳酸酯二元醇、聚丙交酯二元醇、聚己内酯多元醇中的一种或几种。
所述聚醚多元醇或可降解聚酯多元醇为含碳-碳双键多元醇或不含碳-碳双键多元醇的单体或混合物。
所述可降解聚酯多元醇包括上海汇化实业有限公司的Capa系列产品，如Capa2200、Capa2302、Capa 2201A、Capa 7201A、Capa 7203、Capa 3201中的一种或几种。
所述可降解聚酯多元醇包括湖南聚仁化工新材料科技有限公司的PCL-2000系列和PCL-3000系列，如PCL-2202、PCL-2204、PCL-2205、PCL-2302、PCL-2304、PCL-3207中的一种或几种。
所述可降解聚酯多元醇包括赢创工业集团的DYNACOLL Terra系列可再生聚酯多元醇，如DYNACOLL Terra EP 424.01、EP 424.02、EP 481.01、EP 480.01、EP 480.02中的一种或几种。
所述可降解聚酯多元醇包括深圳市易生新材料有限公司的聚碳酸酯二元醇PC215、PC220、PC230，聚丙交酯二元醇PLA220B、PLA220M，聚己内酯多元醇PCL230、PCL330中的一种或几种。
所述多异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI三聚体)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、1，6-己二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
所述填料为硅微粉、碳酸钙、钛白粉、硫酸钡、气相二氧化硅、聚酰胺蜡中的一种或几种。
所述扩链剂为1，4-丁二醇(BDO)、乙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、1，6-己二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、MOCA、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺中的一种或几种。
所述硅烷偶联剂为γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)、N-(β一氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种或几种。
所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂245、抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂1035、抗氧剂168、亚磷酸三苯基酯、亚磷酸二苯基异癸基酯、复合抗氧剂中的一种或几种。
所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、钛酸四丁酯、钛酸四异丙酯、螯合锡、双吗啉基二乙基醚(DMDEE)中的一种或几种。
本发明中结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶的制备方法是按如下步骤进行的：
(1)将10-40份聚醚多元醇、10-20份可降解聚酯多元醇，加入四口烧瓶中升温溶解，溶解完全后，加入5-30份填料，开启搅拌混合分散均匀，待升温至110℃左右时，开始抽真空脱水2.5h。其中，真空度要达到-0.08MPa以上。
(2)脱水完成后，降温至80℃左右，通氮气作保护气体，加入30-50份多异氰酸酯和0.05-0.2份抗氧剂，搅拌30分钟后，抽真空升温至100℃保温反应3h。其中，反应过程、升温和降温过程中都需要有氮气作为保护气体。
(3)反应完成后，降温至80℃，通氮气做保护气体，加入0.5-2份扩链剂，搅拌30分钟后，抽真空升温至100℃保温反应2h。其中，反应过程、升温和降温过程中都需要有氮气作为保护气体。
(4)反应结束，降温至40℃左右，通氮气做保护气体，加入硅烷偶联剂和催化剂，搅拌均匀后，抽真空反应1h，即可得到所述结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶。其中，反应过程、升温和降温过程中都需要有氮气作为保护气体。
实施例1
一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，它包括如下重量份的组分：
一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将聚醚多元醇和PCL 330加入四口烧瓶中升温溶解，溶解完全后加入聚酰胺蜡和二氧化硅，开启搅拌混合分散均匀，待升温至110℃左右时，开始抽真空脱水2.5h。
(2)脱水完成后降温至80℃左右，通氮气作保护气体，加入MDI、PAPAI和抗氧剂，搅拌30分钟后，抽真空升温至100℃保温反应3h。
(3)反应完成后降温至80℃，通氮气做保护气体，加入扩链剂BDO，搅拌30分钟后，抽真空升温至100℃保温反应2h。
(4)反应结束降温至40℃左右，通氮气做保护气体，加入偶联剂和催化剂DMDEE，搅拌均匀后，抽真空反应1h后出料。
实施例2
一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，它包括如下重量份的组分，制备方法同实施例1：
实施例3
一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，它包括如下重量份的组分，制备方法同实施例1：
| 组分名称 | 重量份 |
| 聚醚多元醇 | 25 |
| PCL 330 | 10 |
| PCL-2205 | 9 |
| 二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI) | 37 |
| 多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI) | 13 |
| 碳酸钙 | 15 |
| 气相二氧化硅 | 4 |
| 二乙醇胺 | 1 |
| 抗氧剂 | 0.05 |
| 偶联剂KH560 | 1 |
| 催化剂DMDEE | 0.1 |
实施例4
一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，它包括如下重量份的组分，制备方法同实施例1：
实施例5
一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，它包括如下重量份的组分，制备方法同实施例1：
| 组分名称 | 重量份 |
| 聚醚多元醇N330 | 20 |
| DYNACOLL Terra EP 481.01 | 15 |
| 二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI) | 35 |
| 多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI) | 11 |
| 聚酰胺蜡 | 18 |
| 气相二氧化硅 | 5 |
| 扩链剂BDO | 1 |
| 抗氧剂 | 0.05 |
| 偶联剂KH560 | 1 |
| 催化剂DMDEE | 0.1 |
实施例6
一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，它包括如下重量份的组分，制备方法同实施例1：
实施例7
一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，它包括如下重量份的组分，制备方法同实施例1：
| 组分名称 | 重量份 |
| 聚醚多元醇 | 30 |
| PCL 330 | 10 |
| PCL 230 | 8 |
| 二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI) | 34 |
| 多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI) | 12 |
| HDI三聚体 | 2 |
| 聚酰胺蜡 | 18 |
| 气相二氧化硅 | 4 |
| 1，6-己二醇 | 1 |
| 抗氧剂 | 0.05 |
| 偶联剂KH560 | 1 |
| 催化剂DMDEE | 0.1 |
实施例8
一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，它包括如下重量份的组分，制备方法同实施例1：
性能测试
粘结性能测试：按照GB/T 26899-2011检测聚氨酯胶的剪切强度和剥离强度。检测结果如下表。
| 序号 | 剪切强度MPa | 木破率％ | 剥离强度 |
| 实施例1 | 12.4 | 80 | 合格 |
| 实施例2 | 11.8 | 80 | 合格 |
| 实施例3 | 12.5 | 85 | 合格 |
| 实施例4 | 12.1 | 80 | 合格 |
| 实施例5 | 12.5 | 85 | 合格 |
| 实施例6 | 12.3 | 82 | 合格 |
| 实施例7 | 11.6 | 80 | 合格 |
| 实施例8 | 12 | 80 | 合格 |
检测结果表明：采用本发明方法制备的结构集成材用单组份聚氨酯胶粘接强度高，沸水剥离强度合格。
本发明的上述实例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明实施方式的限制，对于所述领域的技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其他不同形式的变动，这里无法对所有实施方式予以例举，凡未脱离本发明技术方案内容，根据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例作简单修改的，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，其特征在于，主要由以下重量份的原料组成：聚醚多元醇10-40份，可降解聚酯多元醇10-20份，多异氰酸酯30-份，50填料5-30份，扩链剂0.5-2份，硅烷偶联剂1-2份，抗氧剂0.05-0.2份，催化剂0.05-0.2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，其特征在于，所述聚醚多元醇数均分子量为3000-6000，官能度为2或3。
3.根据权利要求1所述结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，其特征在于，所述可降解聚酯多元醇，是由可再生原料生产的聚酯多元醇，数均分子量为2000-5000，由聚碳酸酯二元醇、聚丙交酯二元醇、聚己内酯多元醇中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
4.根据权利要求1所述结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，其特征在于，所述可降解聚酯多元醇包括上海汇化实业有限公司的Capa系列产品。优选地，由Capa 2200、Capa2302、Capa 2201A、Capa 7201A、Capa 7203、Capa 3201中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，其特征在于，所述可降解聚酯多元醇包括湖南聚仁化工新材料科技有限公司的PCL-2000系列和或PCL-3000系列。优选地，由PCL-2202、PCL-2204、PCL-2205、PCL-2302、PCL-2304、PCL-3207中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
6.根据权利要求1所述结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，其特征在于，所述可降解聚酯多元醇包括赢创工业集团的DYNACOLL Terra系列可再生聚酯多元醇。优选地，由DYNACOLL Terra EP 424.01、EP 424.02、EP 481.01、EP 480.01、EP 480.02中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
7.根据权利要求1所述结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，其特征在于，所述可降解聚酯多元醇由深圳市易生新材料有限公司的聚碳酸酯二元醇PC215、PC220、PC230，聚丙交酯二元醇PLA220B、PLA220M，聚己内酯多元醇PCL230、PCL330中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
8.根据权利要求1所述结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，其特征在于，所述多异氰酸酯包括二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、1，6-己二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶，其特征在于，所述硅烷偶联剂由γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-(β一氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述填料由硅微粉、碳酸钙、钛白粉、硫酸钡、气相二氧化硅、聚酰胺蜡中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述扩链剂由1，4-丁二醇、乙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、1，6-己二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、MOCA、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述抗氧剂由抗氧剂245、抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂1035、抗氧剂168、亚磷酸三苯基酯、亚磷酸二苯基异癸基酯、复合抗氧剂中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述催化剂由辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、钛酸四丁酯、钛酸四异丙酯、螯合锡、双吗啉基二乙基醚中的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
10.一种如权利要求1-9任一项所述结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将10-40份聚醚多元醇、10-20份可降解聚酯多元醇，加入烧瓶中升温溶解，溶解完全后，加入5-30份填料，开启搅拌混合分散均匀，待升温至110℃时，开始抽真空脱水2.5h。
(2)脱水完成后，降温至80℃，通氮气作保护气体，加入30-50份多异氰酸酯和0.05-0.2份抗氧剂，搅拌30分钟后，抽真空升温至100℃保温反应3h。
(3)反应完成后，降温至80℃，通氮气做保护气体，加入0.5-2份扩链剂，搅拌30分钟后，抽真空升温至100℃保温反应2h。
(4)反应结束，降温至40℃，通氮气做保护气体，加入硅烷偶联剂和催化剂，搅拌均匀后，抽真空反应1h后，即可得到所述结构集成材用可降解单组份聚氨酯结构胶。
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