CN114849498A - 一种新型渗透汽化膜制备工艺 - Google Patents
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000005373 pervaporation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/024—Oxides
- B01D71/025—Aluminium oxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
- B01D61/362—Pervaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0079—Manufacture of membranes comprising organic and inorganic components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/58—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Abstract
本发明涉及一种新型渗透汽化膜制备工艺,该膜结合有机膜的性能和无机膜的特殊功能,从而解决了工艺生产使用渗透汽化膜2大难点:(1)有机膜分离因子高,适合某些特殊体系分离,但是通量低;(2)无机膜通量大,但分离系数低;而该种新型的有机‑无机结合膜可以有效解决这些难点,同时具有相互的优点:分离系数好,通量高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机体分离提纯技术领域,尤其涉及一种新型渗透汽化膜制备工艺。
背景技术
目前有机渗透汽化复合膜大多是使用聚丙烯腈、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚偏氟乙烯的超滤、微滤膜作支撑体,通过涂覆法或者表面接枝法制得致密分离层,以提高膜的渗透通量和分离因子。最近几年,有学者尝试利用陶瓷膜作支撑体,用晶体生产法制备陶瓷基沸石渗透汽化复合膜,这种膜的制备工艺复杂,难以制备大面积、完整无缺陷的复合膜,因此我们想利用聚合物和陶瓷膜材料各自的优势,制备聚合物/陶瓷渗透汽化复合膜。
Flynn E.J.等[50]把粒径为1.8-2μm的SiO2掺入聚乙烯醇中,涂覆在聚丙烯腈无纺布的底膜上,制得有机/无机杂化渗透汽化膜,用于乙醇中微量水的脱除,SiO2的掺入提高了膜的分离选择性。Zhou H.L.等[52]把硅石用硅烷偶联剂改性后,掺入聚二甲基硅氧烷膜中,用于发酵液中乙醇的回收,正丁醇/水的分离因子可达到160。
陶瓷膜具有耐温性好,耐化学溶剂,机械强度高等优点,但是多通道陶瓷膜管需要在内表面进行改性,充填密度低。而管式陶瓷膜比较方便在膜外表面进行修饰改性,但是膜充填密度低。因此研究新型的陶瓷支撑膜,以解决多通道、管式陶瓷膜充填密度低的缺点。中空纤维膜是三种形式膜中充填密度最高的,但是中空纤维膜大多数是有机聚合物材料制备而成,用作超滤或者微滤。如果能把陶瓷原料制成中空纤维式的膜管,将可以大大提高膜的充填密度,也方便膜的修饰改性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供新型膜材料,从而促进工艺技术进步,结合有机膜和无机膜性能优势研发出新型的复合膜,应用于特殊体系中分离提纯,从而实验工业上资源再次利用和节约能源。
本发明的技术方案是:一种新型渗透汽化膜制备工艺,具体是关于TPU/Al2O3复合膜制备工艺,主要包括以下步骤:
第一步:氧化铝中空纤维膜胚制备:以一定比例的PAN/DMAc溶液作为溶剂,加入纳米级氧化铝,控制温度、搅拌速度、真空脱泡时间得到铸膜液中,铸膜液再经过纺丝机制备成湿态的中空纤维膜胚;控制氧化铝:PAN:DMAC=1:2.08:3得到铸膜液,再采用中空纺丝工艺得到中空纤维膜胚;
第二步:中空纤维膜管制备:通过(1)中得到中空纤维膜胚放入石英管在程序升温炉烧结,控制一定的烧结工艺程序后得到陶瓷结构的中空纤维膜管;烧制过程及每段烧制工艺的作用如下:a.100℃,保温lh,除去中空纤维膜坯内残留的水分与溶剂;b.500-600℃,烧结2h,使中空纤维膜坯中的PAN受热分解,在膜体内部形成孔结构;c.1600℃,保温4h,使A1203颗粒部分熔融,颗粒间发生固相反应,粘结成块,得到A12O3中空纤维膜;d.自然冷却,待炉膛内温度降至室温后,得到Al2O3中空纤维膜样品。
第三步:TPU/Al2O3复合膜制备:采用(2)中得到中空纤维膜管,在其膜管表层涂覆TPU膜层,控制涂覆的合度和固化条件,TPU制膜液均匀地在氧化铝中空纤维膜管上涂覆,涂覆的次数10-12次,固化采用恒温40℃紫外光固化48小时,得到TPU/Al2O3复合膜;
本发明的优点和积极效果是:
1、本发明采用湿法纺丝工艺、相转换原理、陶瓷烧结工艺和涂覆光固化等技术合成得到TPU/Al2O3复合膜,该复合膜结构稳定,同时具有有机膜和无机膜特性(高强度、耐污染、通量大,分子因子高)。
2、本发明制备得到TPU/Al2O3复合膜解决了在细分行业中溶剂与水体系的分离过程的难点,从而实现溶剂与水的高度分离和能耗的节能最大化。
(1)采用TPU/Al2O3复合膜针对乙酸乙酯与水体系的分离有最佳效果:在料液温度40℃,乙酸乙酯质量分数为80wt%时,复合膜的渗透通量最高可达1080g·m-2·h-1,分离因子最高可达15.8。
附图说明
图1为本发明中TPU/Al2O3复合膜结构图,
图2是渗透汽化过程图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
采用TPU/Al2O3复合膜制备膜组件,按图2安装设备装置进行乙酸乙酯回收实验。其中图2安装设备装置中包括:磁力加热搅拌器1、料液罐2、蠕动泵3、渗透汽化膜组件4、压力表5、三通阀6、U型收集管7、冷凝管8、真空泵9,冷凝管8中装有液氮。在料液罐2中加入1000ml 80wt%乙酸乙酯溶液,开启实验,经过45分钟检查以下结论:乙酸乙酯回收实验表明,当料液温度为30℃时,乙酸乙酯浓度为80wt%时,复合膜的渗透通量最高可达1010g·m-2·h-1,分离因子最高可达10.3。当乙酸乙酯浓度为85wt%时,渗透通量最高为1080g·m-2·h-1,分离因子到达最高为15.8,提高料液温度,有利于提高渗透通量和分离因子。
实施例2
采用TPU/Al2O3复合膜制备膜组件,按图2安装设备装置进行乙酸乙酯回收实验。其中图2安装设备装置中包括:磁力加热搅拌器1、料液罐2、蠕动泵3、渗透汽化膜组件4、压力表5、三通阀6、U型收集管7、冷凝管8、真空泵9,冷凝管8中装有液氮。在料液罐2中加入1000ml 85wt%乙酸乙酯溶液,开启实验,经过45分钟检查以下结论:乙酸乙酯回收实验表明,当料液温度为30℃时,当乙酸乙酯浓度为85wt%时,渗透通量最高为1080g·m-2·h-1,分离因子到达最高为15.8,提高料液温度,有利于提高渗透通量和分离因子。
Claims (4)
1.一种新型渗透汽化膜制备工艺,其特征在于,主要包括以下步骤:
(1)氧化铝中空纤维膜胚制备:以一定比例的PAN/DMAc溶液作为溶剂,加入纳米级氧化铝,控制温度、搅拌速度、真空脱泡时间得到铸膜液中,铸膜液再经过纺丝机制备成湿态的中空纤维膜胚;
(2)中空纤维膜管制备:通过(1)中得到中空纤维膜胚放入石英管在程序升温炉烧结,控制一定的烧结工艺程序后得到陶瓷结构的中空纤维膜管;
(3)TPU/Al2O3复合膜制备:采用(2)中得到中空纤维膜管,在其膜管表层涂覆TPU膜层,控制涂覆的合度和固化条件,从而得到TPU/Al2O3复合膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型渗透汽化膜制备工艺,其特征在于,所述的氧化铝中空纤维膜胚制备过程:控制氧化铝:PAN:DMAC=1:2.08:3得到铸膜液,再采用中空纺丝工艺得到中空纤维膜胚。
3.根据权利要求1所述的新型渗透汽化膜制备工艺,其特征在于,所述的烧结工艺为:烧制过程及每段烧制工艺的作用如下:a.100℃,保温lh,除去中空纤维膜坯内残留的水分与溶剂;b.500-600℃,烧结2h,使中空纤维膜坯中的PAN受热分解,在膜体内部形成孔结构;c.1600℃,保温4h,使A1203颗粒部分熔融,颗粒间发生固相反应,粘结成块,得到A12O3中空纤维膜;d.自然冷却,待炉膛内温度降至室温后,得到Al2O3中空纤维膜样品。
4.根据权利要求1所述的新型渗透汽化膜制备工艺,其特征在于,所述TPU/Al2O3复合膜:TPU制膜液均匀地在氧化铝中空纤维膜管上涂覆,涂覆的次数10-12次,固化采用恒温40℃紫外光固化48小时,得到TPU/Al2O3复合膜。
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CN102350226A (zh) * | 2011-08-30 | 2012-02-15 | 南京工业大学 | 一种有机无机中空纤维复合膜的制备方法 |
EP2432578A1 (en) * | 2009-05-18 | 2012-03-28 | Vito NV | Thin film pervaporation membranes |
CN103933868A (zh) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-23 | 华东理工大学 | 分离甲醇-水陶瓷基中空纤维渗透汽化复合膜的制备方法 |
CN108404680A (zh) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-08-17 | 西部宝德科技股份有限公司 | 一种无机-有机复合膜及其制备方法 |
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EP2432578A1 (en) * | 2009-05-18 | 2012-03-28 | Vito NV | Thin film pervaporation membranes |
CN102350226A (zh) * | 2011-08-30 | 2012-02-15 | 南京工业大学 | 一种有机无机中空纤维复合膜的制备方法 |
CN103933868A (zh) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-23 | 华东理工大学 | 分离甲醇-水陶瓷基中空纤维渗透汽化复合膜的制备方法 |
CN108404680A (zh) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-08-17 | 西部宝德科技股份有限公司 | 一种无机-有机复合膜及其制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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舒自学: "中空纤维陶瓷基渗透汽化复合膜制备及分离性能研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技Ⅰ辑》 * |
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