CN114847237A - Black fungus worm breeding method - Google Patents
Black fungus worm breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114847237A CN114847237A CN202210104660.9A CN202210104660A CN114847237A CN 114847237 A CN114847237 A CN 114847237A CN 202210104660 A CN202210104660 A CN 202210104660A CN 114847237 A CN114847237 A CN 114847237A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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Abstract
The invention discloses a black fungus worm breeding method, which comprises the following steps: step A: feeding in a larval stage, namely putting black fungus larva in a feeding tray with feed, and covering with fresh food; placing the feeding tray in a feeding room; the feed is fed once a few days, and the fresh food is fed once a day or several times a day; molting black fungus larva for 8 times in the feeding tray, wherein the larva is transformed into pupa when molting for 8 times; and B: raising in pupation stage, picking out pupa in the raising tray, placing the picked pupa in a pupation box, covering a shading layer, and eclosion of pupa into adult pupa; and C: feeding eclosion imagoes, separating the imagoes to an egg receiving plate after the pupas of the black fungus imagoes eclosion imagoes, storing a layer of feed in the egg receiving plate in advance, and covering fresh food on the imagoes after the imagoes are placed on the egg receiving plate; wings of the eclosion adult insects gradually change from white to yellow and then to brown-black, the wings naturally mate after changing to black, male insects die after mating, and female insects lay eggs; and inoculating the imagoes with eggs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of insect breeding, in particular to a black fungus worm breeding method.
Background
The quantity of the captured insects is unstable under natural conditions, and the indoor large-scale feeding of the insects provides a large number of living insect sources for research, so that the method is an important basis for insect scientific research. Similarly, research on effective prevention and control technologies of black fungus worms and related research experiments, such as sensitivity determination of the black fungus worms to pesticides, pathogenic influence of microbial agents on the black fungus worms, trend behavior reaction of the black fungus worms to factors such as light, color, taste and the like, need a large amount of living insect sources. However, no black fungus worm breeding method is reported at home and abroad at present. Therefore, the artificial breeding technology research on the black fungus worms is necessary and has important significance. In addition, the black fungus worms have been used as food additives in European Union since 2019 and are one of the sources of protein.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding black fungus worms, which can be used as food and can be conveniently researched.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
a black fungus worm breeding method comprises the following steps:
step A: feeding in larval stage
Step A1: putting the black fungus worm larvae in a feeding tray with a certain thickness of feed, and covering with fresh food for the black fungus worms to eat;
step A2: placing the feeding tray in a feeding room, controlling the temperature of the feeding room to be more than 16 ℃ and less than 35 ℃, and keeping the humidity between 30% and 40%;
step A3: feeding the feed once every several days, feeding fresh food once or several times a day, and screening out insect feces before feeding if the feces at the bottom of the feeding plate are more;
step A4: molting black fungus larva for 8 times in the feeding tray, and forming pupa when molting for 8 times, wherein the pupa formation is carried out on the surface of the feed;
and B: feeding in pupation stage
Picking out the pupae in the feeding tray, putting the picked pupae in a pupation box, covering a shading layer, feeding a little feed and fresh food after the pupae emerge into imagoes;
and C: feeding eclosion imagoes
Step C1: after the pupae of the black fungus worm eclosion into imagoes, separating the imagoes onto an egg receiving plate, storing a layer of feed in the egg receiving plate in advance, and covering fresh food on the imagoes after the imagoes are placed on the egg receiving plate;
step C2: wings of the eclosion adult insects gradually change from white to yellow and then to brown-black, the wings naturally mate after changing to black, male insects die after mating, and female insects lay eggs;
step C3: and inoculating the imagoes with eggs.
Further, in the step a1, the feed in the feeding tray is bran, and the fresh food is any one or any combination of carrot, cabbage, pumpkin, cucumber, lettuce and pakchoi.
Further, in the step a2, the temperature of the feeding room is maintained between 25 ℃ and 28 ℃.
Further, in the step B, when the pupation peak period is reached, the pupae picked out within two days are placed in the same pupation box, a layer of feed is laid below the pupation box, the pupae are placed on the feed, and then the feed is covered with newspaper or shading cloth, and the temperature is controlled not to exceed 35 ℃.
Further, in the step C2, the main feed of the adult is wheat bran and vegetables, the adult adds additives and concentrated feed to the wheat bran during the laying period, the additives include vitamins and trace elements, and the concentrated feed is any one or any combination of corn flour, dried fish, meat meal, carrot, wheat, barley, corn, rice, cabbage, pumpkin, cucumber, lettuce and pakchoi.
In the step B, the imagoes after eclosion in the pupation box are partially adhered to the shading layer, and are partially mixed with the pupae, the imagoes adhered to the shading layer are directly shaken in the egg receiving disc, and the imagoes mixed with the pupae are separated by a vegetable leaf trapping method or an insect excrement separation method.
Furthermore, the vegetable leaf trapping method is that vegetables which are liked by adults to eat are placed in a pupation box, the adults are stuck on vegetable leaves to absorb moisture, and the vegetable leaves with the adults are directly lifted to shake the adults into an egg receiving disc; the method for separating the insect feces comprises the steps of placing the pupae mixed with the imagoes on the insect feces of the black fungus insects, then placing the pupae on a place with strong light so that the imagoes can be drilled into the insect feces, keeping the pupae on the surface of the insect feces, and then separating the imagoes from the insect feces by using an insect feces sieve.
Further, in the step C3, the method for the imago to receive the eggs is that newspaper is laid on the bottom of the egg receiving tray, then feed is spread, the imago is put in the feed, the eggs laid by the imago are adhered to the newspaper, and then the egg paper is taken out periodically.
Further, in the step C3, the method for inoculating the eggs of the adult insects is to arrange an egg inoculating plate into a double-layer structure, the egg inoculating plate comprises an egg inoculating sieve and a detachable base plate arranged below the egg inoculating sieve at intervals, feed is pre-filled in both the base plate and the egg inoculating sieve, and the adult insects are placed in the egg inoculating sieve for feeding, so that the eggs laid by the adult insects fall into the feed below the egg inoculating sieve.
Further, the manufacturing method of the egg receiving plate comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of manufacturing plastic boxes with two specifications, wherein the specifications are 22 cm multiplied by 15 cm multiplied by 5 cm and 19 cm multiplied by 12 cm multiplied by 5 cm respectively, using a large box as an egg receiving sieve to be arranged on the upper portion, using a small box as a base plate to be arranged on the lower portion, digging 12 cm multiplied by 5 cm at the bottom of the egg receiving sieve, adhering double-faced adhesive tapes on the edges, cutting a 14-16-mesh screen with the diameter of 15 cm multiplied by 7.5 cm, adhering the screen to the double-faced adhesive tapes, fixing the upper surface of the screen by hot melt adhesive, sleeving the egg receiving sieve on the lower portion of an egg receiving plate, covering the upper portion of the egg receiving plate, and leaving air holes on the surface of the cover.
By adopting the scheme, the black fungus worm feeding method strictly controls the feeding conditions, adopts common feed and vegetables for feeding, improves the feeding survival rate of the black fungus worms, ensures that the larvae grow and develop quickly, the weight is obviously increased, the instar is shortened, the feeding worm state is more regular, can provide a large number of living worm sources with relatively consistent worm states for experimental research, and is easy to observe the pupation and eclosion conditions. The vegetables used for feeding are rich in source, low in cost and easy to cut into pieces for feeding.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an egg receiving tray according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is explained in detail by the following specific examples.
The invention discloses a method for breeding black fungus worms, which comprises the following steps:
step A: feeding in larval stage
Step A1: putting the black fungus worm larvae in a feeding tray with a certain thickness of feed, and covering with fresh food for the black fungus worms to eat;
the step a1 is specifically implemented as follows: bran (feed) with the thickness of about 8 cm is added into a feeding tray, black fungus worm larvae are placed into the feeding tray, flour or corn flour and the like are scattered on the feeding tray, a plurality of pieces of carrot, cabbage, pumpkin, cucumber, lettuce, Chinese cabbage and the like are covered on the feeding tray to serve as fresh food, and the fresh food covered on the tops of the black fungus worms can be used for the black fungus worm larvae and can increase the humidity.
Step A2: placing the feeding tray in a feeding room, controlling the temperature of the feeding room to be more than 16 ℃ and less than 35 ℃, and keeping the humidity between 30% and 40%;
the temperature of the feeding room is preferably kept between 25 ℃ and 28 ℃, black fungus larva below 10 ℃ does not eat and grow, the larva body above 35 ℃ generates heat and burns out, the bottom surface is not excessively wet, heat preservation is realized in winter, ventilation is realized in summer, a temperature and humidity meter is arranged in a room, and the temperature and the humidity in the feeding room can be conveniently observed at any time. The incubator can be used for cultivation in a laboratory.
Step A3: feeding the feed once every several days, feeding fresh food once or several times a day, and screening out insect feces before feeding if the feces at the bottom of the feeding plate are more;
bran (feed) can be fed once in a few days according to the amount of the feed in a plate, but the amount of the feed is good when the dish is required to be fed frequently, if the bottom of the feeding plate is found to be more, insect and excrement can be screened before feeding, and the insect and excrement can be screened once in about 10 days of large-scale cultivation generally.
Step A4: molting black fungus larva for 8 times in the feeding tray, and forming pupa when molting for 8 times, wherein the pupa formation is carried out on the surface of the feed;
the black fungus larva can be molted for 8 times in a lifetime, about more than 3 months is needed to become imago, and the imago can be transformed into pupa when the larva with the age is peeled for the last time, and the pupa transformation can be completed within a few seconds.
And B: feeding in pupation stage
Picking out pupae in the feeding tray, putting the picked pupae into a pupation box, covering a shading layer, feeding a little feed and fresh food after the pupae emerge into an adult;
pupae should be picked once a day in pupation stage to prevent the pupae from being bitten by adult larva and death. For convenience of management, centralized eclosion and synchronous propagation, pupae picked out within two days can be placed in the same pupation box in the pupation peak period, a layer of feed can be laid below the pupation box, the pupae are placed on the feed, and then the feed is covered with newspaper or shading cloth, and the newspaper is preferably used, because the eclosion effect of the pupae is better in the low-light environment, the temperature is controlled to be about 28 ℃ (the temperature is not more than 35 ℃) and the pupation period is generally about 10 days, the pupae are not required to be randomly turned over in the period, and dead pupae are timely picked out. The pupae need 3 to 5 days for completely eclosion into imagoes, the imagoes which are just eclosion are white, very young and tender and do not move much, and a little feed and vegetables can be fed at the moment.
And C: feeding eclosion imagoes
Step C1: after the pupae of the black fungus worm eclosion into imagoes, separating the imagoes onto an egg receiving plate, storing a layer of feed in the egg receiving plate in advance, and covering fresh food on the imagoes after the imagoes are placed on the egg receiving plate;
the survival temperature of the adult is 15-38 ℃, but when the survival temperature is lower than 20 ℃, fertilized eggs in the adult develop slowly and hardly lay eggs; the reasonable temperature for spawning is about 28 ℃; humidity is controlled at about 30-40% during the adult period, and occasionally dry spots are not good, because the adult can supplement water by feeding vegetables.
The main feed of the adult is wheat bran and vegetables, in order to improve the egg laying amount of the adult, the adult needs to supplement nutrition during egg laying, besides additives such as trace elements, vitamins and the like are added into the wheat bran, concentrate such as corn flour, flour and the like also need to be supplemented, and the concentrate can be dried fish, meat meal, carrots, wheat, barley, corn, rice cabbages, pumpkins, cucumbers, lettuce, cabbages and the like.
The adult is not like quantitatively feeding vegetables in the larval period, and does not need to lack vegetables in the whole oviposition period, because the adult continuously loses moisture in the oviposition process (the laid eggs contain a large amount of moisture), the moisture requirement cannot be met by the humidity in the air, and if the adult is lack of feeds with large moisture such as vegetables, the adult is easy to die due to water shortage. The moisture content of the vegetables fed to adults can be larger, such as lettuce leaves, carrots, cabbages, pumpkins, cucumbers and the like; vegetables do not need to be cut up like feeding the larva so, can put into in connecing the ovum sieve by the monoblock, let the adult oneself lie prone on it and feed, but summer will add less on duty and add, prevent vegetables, melon and fruit etc. and rotten in connecing the ovum sieve.
The imagoes after eclosion in the pupation box have a part which is adhered to the newspaper and a part which is mixed with the pupae. The adult adhered to the newspaper can be directly shaken down in the egg receiving disc. Two separation methods are commonly used for adult insects mixed with pupae.
One method is vegetable leaf trapping, namely, lettuce leaves or carrots which adults like to eat are placed in a pupation box, the adults can stick to the vegetable leaves to absorb water, and the adults can lift the vegetable leaves and shake the adults into an egg receiving disc. Still another is the worm excrement separation method, because the adult afraid of the highlight, we can put the pupa of mixing the adult on the worm excrement of black fungus worm, then put in the place that the light is strong (high temperature weather or the very strong summer of illumination, can not directly use the strong light irradiation, just can put in bright place), the adult will creep into in the worm excrement like this, and the pupa stays the worm excrement surface, then reuse worm excrement sieve to separate the adult from the worm excrement.
Step C2: wings of the eclosion adult insects gradually change from white to yellow and then to brown-black, the wings naturally mate after changing to black, male insects die after mating, and female insects lay eggs;
step C3: inoculating ovum of imago
Two egg receiving methods are adopted when the adult eggs lay.
One method is that newspaper is laid on the bottom of the egg receiving plate, wheat bran is spread, adults are put into the eggs, eggs laid by the adults are stuck on the newspaper, and then egg paper is taken out periodically.
As shown in figure 1, another method is to design the egg receiving plate into a double-layer structure, the egg receiving plate 1 comprises an egg receiving sieve 11 and a detachable base plate 12 arranged below the egg receiving sieve at intervals, the bottom of the egg receiving sieve 11 is provided with a screen 13, the base plate 12 and the egg receiving sieve 11 are both pre-filled with feed (wheat bran), the wheat bran is preferably coarse wheat bran, and the fine wheat bran is easily dropped below the sieve. The adult is put in the egg receiving sieve for feeding, and eggs laid by the adult fall into wheat bran below the sieve. Using an egg receiving sieve, after each egg laying period of 5-7 days, placing the egg receiving plate base plate on one side for hatching, then replacing a base plate paved with feed (wheat bran), transferring the egg receiving sieve to a new base plate, and then laying eggs. The egg receiving sieve is a 14-16 mesh sieve; the wheat bran below the egg receiving sieve is not too thick, and the egg receiving sieve and the wheat bran at the lower layer cannot be pressed too tightly, so that agglomeration and mold development in summer rainy season are prevented.
A simple manufacturing method of the egg receiving plate comprises the following steps: two plastic boxes with the specifications of 22 cm multiplied by 15 cm multiplied by 5 cm and 19 cm multiplied by 12 cm multiplied by 5 cm are manufactured, wherein the large box is used as an egg receiving box and the small box is used as an egg receiving plate. The bottom of the upper box is dug to be 12 cm multiplied by 5 cm, double-faced adhesive tape is adhered to the edge, a 14-16-mesh screen 13 with the thickness of 15 cm multiplied by 7.5 cm is cut and adhered to the double-faced adhesive tape, the upper surface of the screen is fixed by hot melt adhesive, the upper part of a lower egg receiving plate is sleeved with the egg receiving screen, a cover is covered, and air holes are reserved on the surface of the cover.
The oviposition adult should have enough feed every day, generally can live for 120 days, can live for half a year or even for 1 year under laboratory conditions, and dead insects should be picked out in time during the period. In order to prolong the laying period and produce more eggs, except for feeding bran and vegetables, apples, carrots, bean flour and the like can be added if conditions exist. The egg period is generally 6 to 10 days, the eggs are not required to be turned over easily during the egg period, the newspaper in the egg receiving box can be removed when the larvae retreat for one time after the eggs are hatched, and the dishes can be properly ordered once for several days. After the feed in the box is eaten, the insect and excrement can be screened out and the feed can be added. Then, the method is the same as the feeding management method of adult larvae, and when the larvae grow up, the larvae are timely separated into boxes to avoid excessive density, mutual biting and heat injury.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the form and style of the present invention, and any suitable changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art should be considered as not departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The black fungus worm breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A: feeding in larval stage
Step A1: putting the black fungus worm larvae in a feeding tray with a certain thickness of feed, and covering with fresh food for the black fungus worms to eat;
step A2: placing the feeding tray in a feeding room, controlling the temperature of the feeding room to be more than 16 ℃ and less than 35 ℃, and keeping the humidity between 30% and 40%;
step A3: feeding the feed once every several days, feeding fresh food once or several times a day, and screening out insect feces before feeding if the feces at the bottom of the feeding plate are more;
step A4: molting black fungus larva for 8 times in the feeding tray, and forming pupa when molting for 8 times, wherein the pupa formation is carried out on the surface of the feed;
and B: feeding in pupation stage
Picking out pupae in the feeding tray, putting the picked pupae into a pupation box, covering a shading layer, feeding a little feed and fresh food after the pupae emerge into an adult;
and C: feeding eclosion imagoes
Step C1: after the pupae of the black fungus worm eclosion into imagoes, separating the imagoes onto an egg receiving plate, storing a layer of feed in the egg receiving plate in advance, and covering fresh food on the imagoes after the imagoes are placed on the egg receiving plate;
step C2: wings of the eclosion adult insects gradually change from white to yellow and then to brown-black, the wings naturally mate after changing to black, male insects die after mating, and female insects lay eggs;
step C3: and inoculating the imagoes with eggs.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the step A1, the feed in the feeding tray is bran, and the fresh food is any one or any combination of carrot, cabbage, pumpkin, cucumber, lettuce and Chinese cabbage.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the step A2, the temperature of the feeding room is kept between 25 ℃ and 28 ℃.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: and step B, when the pupation peak period is reached, the pupae picked out within two days are placed in the same pupation box, a layer of feed is laid below the pupation box, the pupae are placed on the feed, and then the feed is covered with newspaper or shading cloth, and the temperature is controlled not to exceed 35 ℃.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the step C2, the main feed of the adult is wheat bran and vegetables, the adult adds additives and concentrated feed in the wheat bran during the laying period, the additives comprise vitamins and trace elements, and the concentrated feed is any one or any combination of corn flour, dried fish, meat meal, carrot, wheat, barley, corn, rice, cabbage, pumpkin, cucumber, lettuce and Chinese cabbage.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the step B, the imagoes after eclosion in the pupation box are partially adhered to the shading layer, and are partially mixed with the pupae, the imagoes adhered to the shading layer are directly shaken in the egg receiving disc, and the imagoes mixed with the pupae are separated by a vegetable leaf trapping method or an insect excrement separation method.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises: the vegetable leaf trapping method is characterized in that vegetables which are liked by adults to eat are placed in a pupation box, the adults are stuck on vegetable leaves to absorb water, and the vegetable leaves with the adults are directly lifted to shake the adults into an egg receiving disc; the method for separating the insect feces comprises the steps of placing the pupae mixed with the imagoes on the insect feces of the black fungus insects, then placing the pupae on a place with strong light so that the imagoes can be drilled into the insect feces, keeping the pupae on the surface of the insect feces, and then separating the imagoes from the insect feces by using an insect feces sieve.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the step C3, the method for inoculating the eggs of the imagoes is that newspaper is laid on the bottom of the egg inoculating tray, then feed is scattered, the imagoes are put into the feed, the eggs laid by the imagoes are stuck on the newspaper, and then the egg paper is taken out periodically.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the step C3, the method for inoculating the eggs of the adult insects is that an egg inoculating disc is arranged into a double-layer structure, the egg inoculating disc comprises an egg inoculating sieve and a detachable base plate which is arranged below the egg inoculating sieve at intervals, feed is pre-filled in both the base plate and the egg inoculating sieve, the adult insects are placed in the egg inoculating sieve for feeding, and eggs laid by the adult insects fall into the feed below the egg inoculating sieve.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of feeding said black fungus worm comprises: the manufacturing method of the egg receiving plate comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of manufacturing plastic boxes with two specifications, wherein the specifications are 22 cm multiplied by 15 cm multiplied by 5 cm and 19 cm multiplied by 12 cm multiplied by 5 cm respectively, using a large box as an egg receiving sieve to be arranged on the upper portion, using a small box as a base plate to be arranged on the lower portion, digging 12 cm multiplied by 5 cm at the bottom of the egg receiving sieve, adhering double-faced adhesive tapes on the edge of the egg receiving sieve, cutting a 14-16-mesh sieve with 15 cm multiplied by 7.5 cm, adhering the sieve on the double-faced adhesive tapes, fixing the upper surface of the sieve by hot melt adhesive, sleeving the egg receiving sieve above a lower egg receiving plate, covering the sieve with a cover, and leaving air holes on the surface of the cover.
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