CN100444727C - Substrate-free breeding method for pharmaceutical ground beetle - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for culturing medical eupolyphage sinensis without base materials. Firstly, a hatching disk with meshes is used for hatching in the environment without base materials, and then a plurality of larvae and imagoes are cultured in a culturing container or a culturing disk without the base materials. Feeding troughs which are contained with feed are respectively arranged in the culturing container or the culturing disk for feeding larvae and the imagoes. The meshes with different numbers in the bottom part of the culturing disk are convenient for automatic classification for the larvae and simultaneously separate ova and feces. The method has the advantages that work intensity is greatly reduced, the phenomena that the small are eaten by the big, the weak are eaten by the strong, and the ova are eaten by the old can be effectively prevented among eupolyphage sinensises, the feed can be saved if the eupolyphage sinensises are cultured by the culturing troughs, and simultaneously the feed can be prevented from being polluted. The method can be used for improving unit space utility use, breeding efficiency and quantity and quality of the eupolyphage sinensises. The eupolyphage sinensises serve as food without earthy taste.

Description

Substrate-free breeding method for pharmaceutical ground beetle

One, technical field

The present invention relates to the raising method of a kind of insect in traditional animal traditional Chinese medicine, exactly is a kind of substrate-free breeding method for pharmaceutical ground beetle.

Two, background technology

Medicinal insect ground beetle (having another name called ground bettle, soil unit) belongs to Blattaria Corydiidae insect, wherein mainly contains Chinese true eupolyphoge sinensis (Eupolyphage sinensis Walker), Ji eupolyphoge sinensis (Polyphage Plancya Bolivar).Eupolyphoge sinensis Eimeria traditional Chinese medicine material, the history in that China uses existing more than one thousand years has broken blood stasis, diffusing hard knot, separates effects such as controlling blood, reunion of bone, swelling and pain relieving with fixed attention.Now formally list NF (" Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China (one one) " Beijing: People's Health Publisher, 1990,13) in.Modern medicine study shows, ground beetle have again effects such as anticoagulation, anti-hypoxia, accent fat mutation (chemical composition of ground bettle and Advance on Pharmacological Activities. " time precious traditional Chinese medicines research " .1997,8 (2): 153; The recent progress in experimental study of ground bettle drug effect. " traditional Chinese medicine " .2002,25 (2): 151～152).In recent years, development along with alimentology and cooking culture, insect food more and more is subjected to people's welcome, the eupolyphoge sinensis polypide include nutrient components such as rich in protein, fatty acid, vitamin, amino acid (the nutrition analysis of ground beetle. " food research and development " .1998,19 (2): 51～53; The nutrition analysis of ground bettle. " Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences journal " .1997, (31): 24～26), can be used as famous and precious dish food and lay out dining table.

But because the ground beetle medicine-food two-purpose, the research of artificial feeding, exploitation are active day by day.Existing raising method still is that main configuration contains the certain proportion organic matter as raising matrix with soil, spreads the feed feeding on the surface, tells behind the polypides of different sizes and the pieces of an egg stepping with the method for artificial sieve soil again and raise in feeding process.Week dimension official rank has been done concrete elaboration to the raising matrix configuration of ground beetle, and feeding soil must be to be rich in humus, quality is loose, particle size the is moderate neutral fertile soil of living.The method of artificial preparation feeding soil is: the humous soil of selecting the fertile mud in loose, fertile pollution-free vegetable garden soil or field, backwoods, add the sawdust about 50%, sawdust should pile up abundant fermentation to black or with fresh sawdust water fully soak take out after 5～7 days dry standby.The feeding soil water furnishing that mixes can be agglomerating to grab, be advisable (being water content 15%～20%) of promptly loosing of loosing one's grip.Think that simultaneously the ground beetle feeding habits are very wide, plant stem-leaf, dish leaf, melon skin, bran etc. all are its fine feeds.(artificial culture technology of hybridization ground beetle. " Guangxi animal and veterinary " .2002,18 (6): 32～33).Yu Baigong is divided into three kinds of methods such as normal temperature raising, greenhouse raising, the raising of branch pond with the feeding and management of ground beetle, the proterties of emphasizing to raise matrix can influence the survival rate of ground beetle, and the ground beetle feed mainly contains Chinese toon leaf, tree of heaven leaf, leaf of elm tree, Folium sophorae, phoenix tree leaf etc. and multiple dry vegetalbe leaf as roughage.Corn flour, wheat bran and broken soya-bean cake can as the concentrated feed of ground beetle (the eupolyphoge sinensis breeding technology. " traditional Chinese medicine " .1993,16 (12): 8～10).Guo 5 thinks that fully stocking density can adjust with increasing in worm age, can raise 9 kilograms for every square metre.Ground beetle eats the ovum habit, so kind of worm density can not be too high.During the group breeding ground beetle, have the poor of 1 age～4 age in the same developmental process between the different nymphs, will carry out stepping when treating insect density near some.1 age～6 nymph in age can be crowded together, and can hive off when density is big again; 7 age～8 female nymphs in age are supported together, and density is difficult for excessive, and nymph can cut one another's throats when excessive, swallows ootheca.Raise and to want dark within the border, only respectively stay length and width to be 3.3cm as ventilation hole in the upper left corner and the lower right corner, temperature will be opened the hole door more than 38 ℃ the time, lower the temperature, and thickening hole mud.Reduce insect density.During feeding concentrated feed directly is sprinkling upon the feeding soil surface, be beneficial to ground beetle look for food (ground beetle is raised new technology. " shake off poverty and get rich " .2002,2; 31～32).Forest-road thinks that propagating ground beetle artificially should take three-dimensional greenhouseization.The breed pond will be built in cool in summer and warm in winter, draughty indoor, and is equipped with necessary warming-up device.Culture the pond and can around locular wall, use brick one-tenth, the high about 50～70cm of basecoat, above about 2～4 floor height 40cm, the area in each breed pond is with 1m ²Be advisable, pool wall needs floating with lime or cement.Firing equipment can be with underground a heatable brick bed road, also available electric heater etc.The method of preparation feeding soil is: get the mellow soil in the vegetable garden, tan by the sun, sterilize through burning sun, sieve with the sieve of 4mm eyelet, in the fine earth under sieving, adding 40% rice hull ash of having burnt adds an amount of animal waste that has become thoroughly decomposed again, stirs, uniform mixing.The humidity of raising, should properly grasp age according to the worm of ground beetle: 1～4 age water content about 20%, middle worm water content more than 5 ages is about 12%, the tiger that 8 ages are above and the worm water content of laying eggs are about 13%, the feeding soil water content can regulate with watering can watering or feeder greens (propagating artificially of ground beetle. " rural economy and science and technology " .2003,8:36).Horse peacefulness etc. has been developed the sluice gate that is provided with different sizes in the Breeding container side difference ground beetle in the length of time has been carried out breeding device (development of ground beetle AUTOMATIC ZONING three-dimensional culture device, " zoology magazine ", 2000,35 (1): 31～33) of separating.Cai Zheng introduce chicken manure feed the simple and easy method of medicinal insect ground beetle (chicken manure is fed the simple and easy processing method of pharmaceutical ground beetle. " feed review " .1998,10 (5): 39～40).That selection ground beetles such as Wang Lixin grow is the fastest, feed conversion rate the highest 4～5 length of times, the test trace elements zn is to its influence of growing, found that trace element in feed, have very important effect (the Different Zinc level is to influence that vegetative period, ground beetle grew. " animal science and animal medicine " 2002,19 (11): 56).Tests such as Li Changfu nymphal development in the different length of time is gone through the phase, draw 1 age nymph development duration the shortest (Chinese true eupolyphoge sinensis biological property Primary Study. " insect knowledge " 2003,40 (3): 258～261).Tang Qingfeng etc. think 1 age nymph have the food of getting ability (Chinese true eupolyphoge sinensis low age nymph digestive tract structure and feeding habit. " insect knowledge " 2004,41 (6): 575～577).Li Changfu think in the soil parasitic mite to the sexual organ harm of female adult worm serious (Primary Study of Chinese true eupolyphoge sinensis parasitic mite. " insect knowledge ", 2003,40 (4): 360～362).Tang Qingfeng etc. have discussed influence (the different influences of growing " Anhui agricultural science " of raising matrix to China true eupolyphoge sinensis, 2005,33 (7): 1225～1226,1317) of different raising matrix to aspects such as the survival rate of the true eupolyphoge sinensis of China, egg laying amounts.

Pharmaceutical ground beetle selects female adult worm.Its growth and development process is ovum → nymph → adult.Its artificial feeding comprises separating of the raising of hatching, nymph, adult of ovum and nymph stepping and adult and pieces of an egg.In the prior art, hatching with raise that all to be unable to do without with the feeding soil be the raising matrix of main component.For prevent and reduce gobble between the ground beetle little, strong eat weak, eat the phenomenon of ovum always, realize that with the method for artificial sieve soil the nymph stepping separates with worm, ovum.Labour intensity is big, and operating environment is poor, and particularly the meetings such as harmful microorganism in the soil influence growing of ground beetle.The bilgy odour of ground beetle also influences edible.

Three, summary of the invention

The invention provides the method for a kind of substrate-free breeding ground beetle.Make ground beetle normally hatching, g and D in breaking away from the environment of feeding soil.

This raising method comprises that also raising and the nymph stepping of hatching, nymph and the adult of ovum separate with worm, ovum, being not use with the feeding soil with the main distinction of prior art is any raising matrix such as main component, the technical scheme that solves these technical problems is at first to use the incubation plate with sieve aperture to hatch, and artificial stepping is raised nymph and adult until laying eggs then or in the raising container of bottom non-mesh; Perhaps have in the rearing tray of different meshes sieve aperture automatically stepping and raise nymph and adult until laying eggs in the bottom; With placing the trough of raising container or rearing tray to carry out feeding.

The hatching of ovum is carried out in incubation plate.The present invention covers the wettable material of one deck on incubation plate, as gauze, straw grass etc., and keep moistening.The nymph that hatches falls into pallet from the sieve aperture of trying to get to the heart of a matter and realizes and the separating of ootheca that feed is arranged in the pallet.When most of children nymph in age can go into the feed that sifts out when groove is looked for food in the pallet, children nymph in age is transferred to raise in the container raises, raise the container bottom non-mesh, foreign material such as the necessary dead worm of labor cleaning, and regular nymph of manually sieving out not of the same age section places the interior stepping of raising container to raise until laying eggs.Raise and put the trough that fills feed in the container.

It is that nymph in young age with in the pallet is transferred in the low age rearing tray together with feed that nymph is raised with the automatic stepping of adult, and feed is separated from sieve aperture, isolates simultaneously to grow the nymph that lags behind and return and continue in the pallet to raise.Children nymph in age gets food and growth, grows in trough, raise in the rearing tray age in being transferred to during to 3～5 ages, and in feeding process, minority is grown the nymph that lags behind and returned by sieve aperture and continue in the low age rearing tray to raise.Be transferred in the above the average age for marriage rearing tray during to 6～8 ages and raise, in like manner, continued to raise in the rearing tray age during the nymph that the minority growth lags behind returned by sieve aperture.Be transferred to after 9 ages in the imago breeding dish and raise, in feeding process, the nymph of growth hysteresis returns by sieve aperture and continues in the above the average age for marriage rearing tray to raise on the one hand, on the other hand, rejects most of male worm, keeps minority and supplies mating until laying eggs, and separates after laying eggs.

Tang Qingfeng etc. use mathematical statistic method, analyzed the Distribution Pattern of the true eupolyphoge sinensis of artificial feeding China, show the ground beetle hobby accumulate in the edge of raising the pond (Distribution Pattern of Chinese true eupolyphoge sinensis in raising the pond. " insect knowledge " 2004,41 (5): 458～460).Therefore the shape of feeding slot preferably and the shape of rearing tray adapt, and be positioned at rearing tray edge.

Utilizing the substrate-free breeding technology to raise ground beetle, is a kind of important techniques innovation to the ground beetle aquaculture industry.The present invention has changed and utilizes feeding soil to propagate the pattern of ground beetle artificially for a long time, has simplified raising method, has improved the breeding environment of ground beetle, and has greatly alleviated the raising working strength of workers; Different length of time, ground beetle and pieces of an egg just in time separated with worm, reduced gobble between the ground beetle little, strengthen eat weak, eat the probability of pieces of an egg always, improved feeding efficiency of ground beetle and the yield and quality of ground beetle.Substrate-free breeding can further dwindle the cultured space of ground beetle, prevents to escape, and improves the unit space availability.In addition,, adopt no matrix cultural technique can reduce the ground beetle bilgy odour, strengthen mouthfeel as food.Use the trough feeding, can save feed, prevent that simultaneously feed is contaminated.

Four, embodiment

Now the rearing tray that has sieve aperture and order number to be respectively 12 orders, 6 orders, 4 orders (corresponding low age, middle age and above the average age for marriage) with the raising container and the bottom of foursquare bottom non-mesh is an example, and corresponding trough also is processed into square, is " returning " word shape.Make of three-ply board or plastic plate.About trough bottom width 6cm, size depends on the area of rearing tray, is advisable far from about rearing tray inner edge 3cm in the edge of trough, nails on the batten or the plastic strip of wide 0.8cm and outward-dipping 45 degree all around, drops into feed within it.Place raising containers at different levels or rearing tray to get food for ground beetle.

In, low age ground beetle nymph is based on wheat bran, mixes the soya-bean cake feeding that pulverizes; Above the average age for marriage nymph and adult suitably are equipped with the green forage feeding based on the mixed feed of wheat bran and protein feeds.

Feeding process is as follows:

1, the hatching of ovum:

Preparing the bottom is the incubation plate of the 30 * 30cm in 17 mesh sieve holes, and the basket that encloses of incubation plate highly is 4cm～6cm.The pieces of an egg of shop 1cm to 1.5cm, above wettable materials such as the gauze in unsettled shop or one deck straw, preserve moisture as the incubation period, incubation plate is transferred tray, the shop more dried wheat bran of layer is as feed.Regularly water sprays such as gauze and straw are preserved moisture, and stir pieces of an egg.The nymph that hatching is come out in the incubation plate is dropped in the pallet automatically by sieve aperture, can suitably heat to 25 ℃～30 ℃ to the hatching subenvironment at low temperature environment.

2, the artificial stepping of nymph and adult is raised

Get food and the time sift out wheat bran when children nymph in age in the pallet can go into groove, children nymph in age is transferred to raise in the container raises, this container places and is suitable for ground beetle the indoor of required dark humidity of growing, and indoor temperature can suitably be heated to 10 ℃～15 ℃ in the winter time.Foreign material such as the dead worm in labor cleaning's container, swill manually sieve stepping with the screen cloth of different meshes about the bimester of per, and the nymph of section places stepping raising in separately the container with age not, until adult and lay eggs.Put the trough that fills feed in the container.Do not have feeding soil in the container or be the raising matrix of main component with the feeding soil.

3, the automatic stepping of nymph and adult is raised

It is in the low age rearing tray in 12 mesh sieve holes that wheat bran in the pallet is poured into to the bottom with children's nymph mixture in age, and big I is according to the raising area of reality, and the basket that encloses of rearing tray highly is 7cm～9cm.Nymph separates with wheat bran, after the wheat bran under the sieve can be collected, continues feeding.The raising of nymph adopts connection to overlap the mode of supporting dish, to save floor space, is provided with three layers altogether and raises foster dish, divides the rearing tray that 4 orders, 6 orders, 12 mesh sieve holes are set from top to bottom, and lowermost layer is placed pallet and collected the worm excrement.Regularly the ground beetle of little sieve aperture rearing tray is poured in the rearing tray of big sieve aperture age according to worm, nymph can fall into the rearing tray of following aperture mesh sieve automatically in the process of creeping, make the automatic stepping of big or small nymph.The feeder of the multilayer connection cover rearing tray that can repeat according to the height design of actual receptacle.Generally ground beetle can be finished and grown at ambient temperature.To winter, the raising indoor temperature of ground beetle can suitably be heated and be kept growth to 10 ℃～15 ℃ and get final product.

4, adult and pieces of an egg separates

With sieve above the average age for marriage nymph in the 4 mesh sieve hole rearing tray of the rearing tray in 2 mesh sieve holes, sieve ground beetle down places 4 mesh sieve hole rearing tray to continue raisings.Under the rearing tray in 2 mesh sieve holes, place 6 eye mesh screens, be used to receive pieces of an egg and separate ight soil.Regularly collect pieces of an egg.Between April to October, female adult worm was raised after three months, the adult of can gathering.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of substrate-free breeding method for pharmaceutical ground beetle, the raising and the nymph stepping that comprise hatching, nymph and the adult of ovum separate with worm, ovum, it is characterized in that: use has sieve aperture and hatches with the incubation plate that encloses basket, 1cm～1.5cm thick pieces of an egg in shop in the incubation plate, on incubation plate, be coated with wettable material and keep moistening, the nymph that hatches falls into pallet, and feed is arranged in the pallet; Get when food with children nymph in age or be transferred in the raising container of bottom non-mesh or be transferred to the bottom and have in the rearing tray of different meshes sieve aperture stepping and raise nymph and adult until laying eggs when children nymph in age can go into groove, the rearing tray of described different meshes sieve aperture be low age rearing tray, middle age rearing tray, above the average age for marriage rearing tray and imago breeding dish; The raising container of non-mesh and have the edge of the rearing tray of sieve aperture that the trough that adapts with its shape is arranged has feed in the trough.