WO2007059537A1 - Procedure for obtaining fractions of organic fertilizer and the control procedure thereof - Google Patents
Procedure for obtaining fractions of organic fertilizer and the control procedure thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007059537A1 WO2007059537A1 PCT/YU2006/000009 YU2006000009W WO2007059537A1 WO 2007059537 A1 WO2007059537 A1 WO 2007059537A1 YU 2006000009 W YU2006000009 W YU 2006000009W WO 2007059537 A1 WO2007059537 A1 WO 2007059537A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- larvae
- biohumus
- procedure
- sieve
- dung
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 10
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 9
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 5
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
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- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009363 floriculture Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/05—Treatments involving invertebrates, e.g. worms, flies or maggots
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Definitions
- Invention belongs to the field of organic fertilizers being obtained from treatment of dung or droppings, for example animal excrements. Invention is more precisely classified into procedures for obtaining fertilizers characterized for producing a compost.
- this invention is classified and alloted cl as iffi cation symbols C 05 F 3/00 and C05 F17/00.
- Realization of technology in industrial proportion demands elaboration of a series of technical solutions and these regarding two aspects: preparation of efficient functional plants for processing of dung (cultivators of fly larvae) and formation of efficient functional insectaria for obtaining a stable laying down place by a mother family of flies.
- WO2002/01248, 14.02.2002 PC/RU01/00318, 27.07.2001.
- EP 0 489158 (WO 92/00259), titled as: "Method and apparatus for making organic fertilizer", applicant: Inoue, Satoshi, JP.
- EP 0 480030 (WO 91/16279), titled as: "Method and apparatus for composting mixture of livestock excretion and barn mat", applicant:
- Substantial novelty of the invention is in a receiving compartment with a mixer, a heater and a dosage unit that first of all enables receiving of the mass of dung or droppings, and then homogenization so as to obtain mass of the excrements not existing in mucous membrane or slime film, and the equal density of dung or droppings; moreover, construction of receiving compartment is such that moisturizing is done i.e. that the required level of moisture is provided so as to keep larvae alive during 6 days; moreover, process of mixing and warming up the mass is enabled so as to start processing the larvae, there has to be temperature from 25 to 32 0 C; and similarly carried out is the dosage along the width and height of dung or droppings on the begining of the belt for 1 day (for the first 24-hour cycle).
- Subject of the invention is in appropriate control of the procedure for obtaining fractions of biohumus, but this procedure can be applied even to some other similar equipment for production of organic fertilizer with help of larvae and synantropic flies. Due to less quantity of cellulose and a lot of other organic matters suiable for development of larvae of flies, the best results are obtained from the dung or droppings coming from pig farms and poultry farms. Preparation of new process is carried out in the following phases: 1) Daily collected dung or droppings from animal farms is in a natural way carried out from liquid phase;
- Solid phase of waste (50 - 70 % water) is possibly mixed with dung or droppings from poultry farms in the approximate ratio 50 % - 50 % drier poultry droppings or dungs is practically improved the required moisture of the foundation;
- Biohumus is ready for immediate use in agriculture, or to be stored in certain places (at the temperature from +5 to +25 0 C) for further treatment (eventual homogenization and granulation for further commercial use: in floriculture, horticulture, vegetable farming ...); 10) Provided that larvae biomass is intended to be used as a high protein additive into fodder or for some other application, inactivation of larvae is required to carry out at the high temperature (60-70 0 C).
- Figure 1 - represents structural technological diagram with important parameters of the procedure
- Figure 2 - represents structural diagram of separation of fractions of biohumus.
- Synantropic fly that lives close to human beings
- Synantropic fly is a domestic fly - flia domestica - taken from the vicinity of the object for production of biohumus, underwent to a special both the life and the nutrition regime, and in a strictly controlled closed environment, thus obtaining the improved producivity of laying eggs.
- Dishes for processing matter are set in larger vessels that are used for receiving larvae that migrate from processing dishes. Vessels for receiving larvae are so shaped that migration into enviroment is prevented. At the end of the process, on the six day, there is humus in one dishes while in other dishes there are larvae. Hot water is poured over larvae so as to kill them and thereupon forwarded to examination of chemical content and quality of a high protein fodder as an additive in feeding poultry, cattle and fish. Biohumus is examined in laboratories and hothouses. Daily treatment procedure amounts to 90 liters of organic dung or droppings. Therefrom obtained are about 30 kg of biomass and about 8 kg of bioprotein (larvae). Air flowing over processing matter takes over waste gasses from the process of unpleasant smell.
- This air passes through a bifilter that consists from the column having a previously prepared wet straw filling. Preparation comprises a clean air blown through the wet straw, thereupon removed are anaerobe microorganisms, and there remain microorganisms that live on waste gasses (ammonia, hydrocarbons, high alcohols and etc.). Air coming out of the biofilter is 98 % filtered.
- Technological process is based on conversion of cattle and poultry excrements by passing through digestive system of larvae of flies. Process may be applied with excrements with PH 4 - 9, being a significant advantage compared to the application of California (oak)worms, that cannot be used for processing poultry and pig droppings or dung.
- Organic waste - dung or droppings through rough grate is unloaded into a receiving compartment, wherein the content is warmed up to 25-30 0 C (the compartment is equipped with heaters) and therein it is mixed.
- Preparation of the raw-materials is, by using the transporter, brought onto a cultivator being set within the warmed air flow.
- the cultivator is the most important part of the technological equipment. Therein a dung or droppings, being impacted by larvae of flies, is converted into biohumus.
- the cultivator depending on the capacity of the plant, may be constructionally achieved in different ways: a) in the form of trays set at fixed shelves; b) as a belt transporter ; c) in the form of trays carried forward by a chain conveyor; d) other similar equipment.
- insects are separated from the mass of biohumus whereby used is their instict of migration from the material that is being processed.
- Naimely larvae at the end of development thereof (the stage prior to doll emergence) are removed from the substrate along with stimulation by heating.
- the insectarium is a special room having appropriately conditioned atmosphere, wherein are arranged the cages for breedig flies.
- the cages are equipped with devices for feeding and watering the flies, and with cages with a substrate wherein flies lay eggs.
- Biohumus is a high quality organic fertilizer applicable in growing all agriculural crops, and primarily in the intensive cultivation.
- Biohumus contains a set of nutritional matters (sugar, aminoacids, fats, vitamins, enzymes, etc.). Biohumus gives a special structure and quantity of microorganisms that are form a stable microbial system that eliminates bacteriological, viral and mycosal diseases and slows down development of phytopathogenic microflora.
- Biohumus at "resource”, i.e. in the form obtained from the plant for obtaining organic manure may be used for arable land, and is packed in appropriate larger or smaller packs.
- a separate device carries out granulation of biohumus.
- Granules of biohumus contain reduced moisture content (10 - 15 %) and may be stored for longer time.
- New procedure is carried out on the plant for obtaining organic fertilizer for processing organic waste having capacity of 3000 kg of waste per day, that corresponds to a farm with 20.000 egg-laying hens. Calculating specific weight of wase is 1 ,05 g/cm 3 and according to calculation, dimensioning of the plant is carried out.
- the plant mainly comprises the following main component parts:
- the preparatory reservoir should have a capacity capable to take in the quantity of dung or droppings from the farm discharged during 2-3 days. It is usually a cylindrical container with a conical bottom part. The slant of the conus helps that dung or droppings slide downward. Capacity of the container is 7-10 m 3 . It is equipped with a low-speed mixer and heaters that are built-in walls. It is thermally insulated. Therein, preheating of the dung or droppings at 25-30 0 C is carried out, but homogenization and moistening if required, as well. It is achieved that the dung or droppings that goes for further processing has controlled temperature and humidity.
- Cultivator Culivator is a part of the plant wherein carried out is the process for processing the dung or droppings. Inside the cultivator the dung or droppings becomes the substrate wherein larvae of fly develop and there comes about the processing thereof into biohumus.
- Cultivator of the plant is made of the elements that are standard in production of modern cage batteries for cage battery units for egg- laying hens - belts to fertilize, drives belonging to them and a construction that carries them on.
- Cultivator that consists of six conveyor belts, having width 1200 mm and working length cca 30 m that are arranged one above the other.
- Substrate and eggs of flies are brought onto the upper belt.
- substrate from the upper belt wherein already developed larvae of flies are carried onto the belt below, and a new substrate and eggs of flies are brought onto the upper belt.
- Thickness of the substrate layer on the upper belt is 8 cm and on lower belts slightly decreases (5-7 cm).
- Desired and equal thickness thereof on each belt is achieved with the help of a ribbing roller at the beginning of each belt, the position thereof can be adjusted and thereby it regulates the thicknes of the layer of substrate.
- Process of development of larvae in the substrate is carried out continually. There comes about a change once in a 24 hours cycle when the substrate is together with larvae from the upper belt carried below onto the lower one, and there are six of them, thus enabled is improved arrangement of larvae and aeration of the substrate.
- Below the lowest sixth belt there is a perforated trough. A scraper that moves the substrate synchronically with movement of technological belts of the cultivator is built in the trough.
- the final process of processing the substrate is done, and perforation at the bottom of the trough enables that the larvae, following their natural instinct, fall out of the substrate.
- Sheet metals set in slant below the perforated trough direct the larvae that fall out of the trough that is set below the plant.
- the cultivator is set in the room wherein the temperature is kept about 25 0 C.
- the process is hastened when the temperature is higher.
- the temperature is kept at 30 0 C, with the help of additional heaters.
- the temperature is increased to 40 0 C.
- Heating the space wherein the cultivator is set is done by air heaters of appropriate power, and absorbtion of gasses is enabled by means of an axial fan heater.
- biofilter is in use, absorbtion is carried out by centrifugal fan of higher voltage.
- Biofilter In the process of processing animal dung or droppings, a certain amount of ammonia is obtained. However, its neutralization and discharge is possible by means of building in the biofilter. Biofilter, through which air, that is absorbed and released from the plant, flows, is filled up by a specially prepared straw and in a completely ecological way it eliminates ammonia and other gasses that emerge in the procedure.
- System of unloading grate with vibratory sieves is used to achieve final separation between humus and larvae of fly.
- the roughest one are separated pieces of eventually formed crust, good-sized articles, feathers and alike.
- the second sieve it is enabled that the remaining larvae and dolls and the fine and dry fractions of humus fall through the sieve.
- Part of the humus that maintained larger percentage of moisture on this sieve is shaped into pellettes having diameter of 6-8 mm of standard quality humus.
- This fraction of humus is intended for mass consumption: hothouses, polythene greenhouses, gardens and alike. Though the last, finest, sieve, is allowed only humus, while the pass through of larvae of flies and dolls is prevented. That fraction of humus is intended for small packages that are used in households for flowers and gardens.
- Fractions of biohumus that remain on the second and the third sieve are forwarded to granulation.
- an extruding- grinder For that purpose is used an extruding- grinder.
- Device provides that possibly remaining larvae and dolls of fly and humus come out from the device definitely exterminated in the form of granules.
- Granules are dried either artificially or naturally and are used as a fertilizer in large packs.
- Larvae of flies, bioprotein are treated by hot water, strained and dried. Those may be stored frozen until the use thereof, and even other ways of pocessing (drying, grinding, conservation) may be developed.
- Standard packs of humus are larger than 50 I (30 kg) therein may be mixed pelleted and even granulated humus, and may be packed separately. Biohumus that is obtained upon the last sieve, wherein there is neither larvae nor flies and that is in quite fine granules in the principle is inteded for packs suitable for household use.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Procedure for obtaining fractions of organic fertilizer and the control procedure thereof, consists in using a plant with compartment and a mixer, a heater and a dosage unit that first of all provide receiving the mass of animal dung or droppings, and the homogenization so as to obtain mass of the animal dung or droppings not present in mycous membrane or slime film, and that the same density of the animal excrements, as well. Moreover, in the procedure moistenig is carried out i.e. the required level of humidity is provided so as to keep larvae alive on the sixth day. Furthermore, the process of mixing and warming the mass is carried so that processing of larvae is started, there has to be provided temperature from 25 to 32 <SUP>0</SUP>C, and also provided is dosage both along the stretch and height of animal dung or droppings. The subject of the invention is in the appropriate control of the procedure for obtaining fractions of biohumus.
Description
PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING FRACTIONS OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND THE CONTROL PROCEDURE THEREOF
TECHNICAL FIELD
Invention belongs to the field of organic fertilizers being obtained from treatment of dung or droppings, for example animal excrements. Invention is more precisely classified into procedures for obtaining fertilizers characterized for producing a compost.
According to International Patent Classification IPC, this invention is classified and alloted cl as iffi cation symbols C 05 F 3/00 and C05 F17/00.
TECHNICAL PROBLEM
Technical problem solved with hereby described technological procedure is a simplicity of technology for obtaining fractions of organic fertilizer from dung or droppings, and with help of larvae of synantropic flies in up to a 140 to 150 hours time, while both the parameters of the procedure conducted and the complete procedure are carried out in compliance with ecological component.
STATE-OF-ART
State-of-art according to the definition refers to the existing practical solutions in the below mentioned stat-of-art to which the referred invention belongs. Worldwide exist different plants for production of organic manure from dung but this inventor who is a coauthor of one of those patents (PCT/RU01/00317, WO2002/011531 ) is not informed that a procedure for obtaining fractions of organic fertilizer has been made so far.
Utilization of waste by means of cultivation of larvae of flies at the wastes (faeces) provides that the wastes in up the five to seven 24 hour cycles (1 day = 24 hour cycle) is transformed into the manure and biomass of larvae flies that comprise of proteins, fats, carbonhydrates, chitin and biological active ingredients. Realization of technology in industrial proportion demands elaboration of a series of technical solutions and these regarding two aspects: preparation of efficient functional plants for processing of dung (cultivators of fly larvae) and formation of efficient functional insectaria for obtaining a stable laying down place by a mother family of flies.
Considering the cycle of development from an egg up to the predoll (that at the temperature of 3O0C amounts 5 up to 5.5, and max. 6-7, 24 hour cycles), larvae weight increases at least by 300 times, and it is purposeful to apply cultivation into two stages: on the substrate for laying down places 0.5-2.0, 24 hour cycles in thermostat along with air ventilation, and onto the dung 3.5-5.0, 24 hours cycles in cultivator (according to the patent RF No.2049389, class A 01 K 67/033, 1992). This enables that the degree for utilization of the equipment is higher at 1.1 up to 1.6 times. In continuation of the technical solution that is
directed as a standard laboratory substrate is a solution according to the patent RF No. 2088080, class A 01 K 67/033 and C 05 F 3/06 oriented onto the natural substrate (dung) that proves appropriateness of application of cultivation into two stages.
At each laying down of dung onto the plant, it is necessary to include optimally dosed quantity of eggs or the appropriate quantity of larvae of equal stage of development. That can be achieved by synchonization of dosage quantity of the dung and dosage quantity of substrate whereon are set larvae upon the first stage of cultivation.
It is recommended to use the instinct of migration characteristic for predolls i.e. instinct of withrawal from the matter that goes under processing, in view of the fact that it is easier to divide biohumus with migrating larvae than to take it out of the general bulk of two produced products. Herewith, in biohumus remain some undeveloped larvae that perish or die during later processing (granulation). Besides, there comes the possibility to select larvae upon the first sign of intensity of development on the given type of the dung. Number of operations at cultivaton of larvae has to be minimal so as to reach full automatization of the technology in future.
Besides, the important effect can be reached at integration of technology for breeding domestic animals and technology for processing dung by means of larvae of synantropic flies. Integration thereof offers, on one side, economical use of work spaces, and on the other side, eliminates the need for taking out and storage of excrements, and instead of that a ready made product is obtained - biohumus and semiproduct - biomass of larvae of flies for preparation of additives to the fodder, chitizine and biologically active compounds. Moreover, heat rejected by the animals enables to reduce energy consumption for cultivation of larvae, particularly in winter.
It is well known that the plant for processing of dung by means of larvae of synantropic flies (patent RF No. 2032393, class A01 K67/033 and C 05 F 3/06, 1991 ), that involves a sector for processing of dung with trays set below and devices for vertical and horisontal shift, with knots for loading dung (faeces) into or loading off the processed matters, sector for flies and separator for larvae from the processed matter in the form of conveyor belt with a light source set onto it. lnsectarium for flies that is set at the entrance of the chamber with a dosage unit for substrate and that is set at the entrance of the chmber, while inside the chamber are set conveyor belts between the entrance and exit, with possibility of setting the substrate for laying down for places on belts. Herewith, above the conveyor belts are set the covers with outlets wherein are set valves for flies as exit apertures, where conveyor belts at the outlet of the chamber are connected by the knot of loading from the sector for processing of dung.
On the plant are coupled a cultivator and an insectarium, and a biohumus separator and a biomass of fly larvae, as well. Shifting and processing of the dung is carried out in trays, as it is a case in all existing technical solutions in the state-of-art up to now.
Existing technical solution (Koltipin J.A., Erofejeva T.V. "Utilisation of dregs by means of larvae of synantropic flies" VNIITEI agricultural center, VASHNIL, Moscow, 1977), which, for processing of dregs by means of larvae of synantropic flies suggests a plant with a conveyor belt above which flows a heated air that is isolated from the work space. Height of the air duct is about 0,6 m. Length of the belt is 20 m. Belt moves only once in 4 meters per 24 hours.
However, practical exploitation of this solution proves that the larvae during 3-5, 24-hour cycles of development migrate from the zone of initial spreading down into the zones spread down by younger larvae
thus slowing down development thereof, and herewith it brings about incomplete processing of dung in biohumus and reduces general outcome of larvae biomass.
This technical solution from technical point of view and according to the set of parameters is the closest to the hereby applied invention, however there are certain shortcomings typical for technical solution mentioned in the previous source of information (Koltipin J.A. and al.).
Patent applications published in Serbia and Montenegro (YU):
In patent database of Serbia and Montenegro no patent files that would stand for more accurate state-of-art for the subject of invention have been found. Research was done in a relevant period according to the above mentioned classes.
The following world patent documents were found:
WO2002/01248, 14.02.2002 (PC/RU01/00318, 27.07.2001.) titled as: "Device for treating manure and /or dung with the aid of larvae of synantropic flies (variants)", applicants: Popov Vasily Vasilievich, Kvasha Vasily Ivanovich, Knapp Donald Hall, Sabo Vladimir, Tcherny Milan, Bodya Koloman, with data on the priority right: RU 04.08.2000. 2000120580.
WO2002/01 1531 , 14.02.2002. (PCT/RU01/00317, 27.07.2001.) titled as: "Device for treating dung with the aid of larvae of synantropic flies", applicant: Popov Vasily Vasilievich, Kvasha Vasily Ivanovich, Knapp Donald Hall, Sabo Vladimir, Tcherny Milan, Body Koloman, Dragan Miyanovich, with data on the priority right: RU 04.08.2000 2000120525.
International patent database fund (WO and EP applications, EP and B patents)
The following documents represent the most accurate state-of-art for the following subject of invention:
RU 2032339, 10.04.1995. titled as "Installation for processing of manure by larvae of synantropic flies", applicant Lunar Gennadij D., Prysiagin
Mikhail M., RU
SU 1836008, 23.08.1993. titled as: "Installation for conversion of manure with larvae of synantropic flies", applicant: IMBP, SU, applicants: Popov
Vasily Vasilievich, Erofeeva Tamara, SU.
RU 2049389, 10.12.1995, titled as "Organic waste processing method and substratum for raising for larvae of synantropic flies", applicant:
Aktsionemoe Oshchestvo otkry, RU.
RU 2209551 , 10.08.2003, titled as: "Fodder for synanthropic flies", applicant: Uchrezhdenie Vserossijaskij G N; I Skij lyhivotnovodstva Rask.
US 3846557, 05.11.1974, titled as: "Bait for synanthropic flies", applicant: UNIV California.
EP 0 489158 (WO 92/00259), titled as: "Method and apparatus for making organic fertilizer", applicant: Inoue, Satoshi, JP.
EP 0 480030 (WO 91/16279), titled as: "Method and apparatus for composting mixture of livestock excretion and barn mat", applicant:
Inoue, Satoshi, JP.
WO 20/000646, 02.11.2000, titled as: "Method for treating organic waste and treating facility" applicant: Matsuoka Norihisa, JP.
Upon study and analysis of shortcomings of the state-of-art in practical research, the conclusion derives that that the invention herewith partially removes shortcomings of the existing solutions in the state-of-art for the given technical problem.
EXPOSITION OF THE SUBJECT OF INVENTION
Regarding solutions given in the state-of art the suggested solution of the procedure for the plant for production of organic fertilizer from dung and droppings with separation of fractions of biohumus, that this inventor filed patent application for, has a compact construction with two prallel housings set immediately one next to the other where each of them has three belt transporters that are in the housing set one below the other and all in separate tunnels with heated air.
Substantial novelty of the invention is in a receiving compartment with a mixer, a heater and a dosage unit that first of all enables receiving of the mass of dung or droppings, and then homogenization so as to obtain mass of the excrements not existing in mucous membrane or slime film, and the equal density of dung or droppings; moreover, construction of receiving compartment is such that moisturizing is done i.e. that the required level of moisture is provided so as to keep larvae alive during 6 days; moreover, process of mixing and warming up the mass is enabled so as to start processing the larvae, there has to be temperature from 25 to 32 0C; and similarly carried out is the dosage along the width and height of dung or droppings on the begining of the belt for 1 day (for the first 24-hour cycle). Subject of the invention is in appropriate control of the procedure for obtaining fractions of biohumus, but this procedure can be applied even to some other similar equipment for production of organic fertilizer with help of larvae and synantropic flies. Due to less quantity of cellulose and a lot of other organic matters suiable for development of larvae of flies, the best results are obtained from the dung or droppings coming from pig farms and poultry farms. Preparation of new process is carried out in the following phases:
1) Daily collected dung or droppings from animal farms is in a natural way carried out from liquid phase;
2) Solid phase of waste (50 - 70 % water) is possibly mixed with dung or droppings from poultry farms in the approximate ratio 50 % - 50 % drier poultry droppings or dungs is practically improved the required moisture of the foundation;
3) Dung or droppings is spread over the movable conveyor belt in a layer not thicker than 5-8 cm;
4) Sowing with larvae of flies in determined concentration
5) To provide required temperture conditions (optimal temperature is 25-32 0C ), relative humidity of air (55 - 70 %), and enough air flow, that should reduce the quantity of gasses that this substrate releases; (a fine net should protect this part of the process from other insects);
6) This process requires control and conduct of the process;
7) Upon 5-7 days, larvae stop to feed and the process of emergence of dolls starts; during that time all the quantity of substrate is processed into usable humus;
8) Due to larvae instict to migrate from substrate prior to the process of emergence of dolls, that they leave away by themselves, stop feeding thereon, and clean the intestine content, thereby obtain biomas released from substrate. The remaining larvae in biohumus are inactivated (killed) mechnically, in passing through a grinder, or in thermal treatment by water steam at 105 - 110 0C;
9) Biohumus is ready for immediate use in agriculture, or to be stored in certain places (at the temperature from +5 to +25 0C) for further treatment (eventual homogenization and granulation for further commercial use: in floriculture, horticulture, vegetable farming ...);
10) Provided that larvae biomass is intended to be used as a high protein additive into fodder or for some other application, inactivation of larvae is required to carry out at the high temperature (60-70 0C).
SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES OF DRAWING
Procedure for obtaining fractions of organic fertilizer and control the procedure thereof, is described in the drawings in details where:
Figure 1 - represents structural technological diagram with important parameters of the procedure, and
Figure 2 - represents structural diagram of separation of fractions of biohumus.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
For production of biohumus by means of larvae of synantropic flies, dung or droppings from farms: faeces of pigs, poultry and cattle bred in stables without foundation (that dirty up environment due to high acidity and a slow conversion into humus in a natural way). Faeces of cattle (bovine dung) bred on the foundation which, having stayed for some time in natural fermentation, is converted into a stable dung being valued in use for fertilization of soil, thus anticipates no use of stable as a raw material for production of biohumus by means of larvae of synatropic flies. Process for conversion of a raw-material into biohumus by means of larvae of synatropic flies takes about five to seven days, optimally 6 (six) days, in contrast to natural disintegration, that lasts up to two years (depending on the type of the raw-material). The process results from
metabolism of larvae of synantropic flies in optimal life conditions. Synantropic fly (that lives close to human beings) is a domestic fly - flia domestica - taken from the vicinity of the object for production of biohumus, underwent to a special both the life and the nutrition regime, and in a strictly controlled closed environment, thus obtaining the improved producivity of laying eggs.
Technological process in idustrial plant is caried out in the following way: Raw-material is warmed up to the optimal temperaure for metabolism of larvae (30 0C), thereupon it is poured into shallow dishes that are set in a cultivator. Raw-material in dishes is sown with eggs of synantropic flies, that are laid in special dishes and once daily are brought into industrial plant. In a cultivator, air flows over the dishes, having such a temperature and speed so as to obtain optimal regime of change of humidity in a processing material for larvae metabolism. Larvae being fed on a nutritional foundation (organic dung) move along the cubic capacity of the processing matter searching for food and thus grow until they reach the third stage of development, ahead to cocoon, when they migrate from nutritional layer (processing material). Dishes for processing matter are set in larger vessels that are used for receiving larvae that migrate from processing dishes. Vessels for receiving larvae are so shaped that migration into enviroment is prevented. At the end of the process, on the six day, there is humus in one dishes while in other dishes there are larvae. Hot water is poured over larvae so as to kill them and thereupon forwarded to examination of chemical content and quality of a high protein fodder as an additive in feeding poultry, cattle and fish. Biohumus is examined in laboratories and hothouses. Daily treatment procedure amounts to 90 liters of organic dung or droppings. Therefrom obtained are about 30 kg of biomass and about 8 kg of bioprotein (larvae).
Air flowing over processing matter takes over waste gasses from the process of unpleasant smell. This air passes through a bifilter that consists from the column having a previously prepared wet straw filling. Preparation comprises a clean air blown through the wet straw, thereupon removed are anaerobe microorganisms, and there remain microorganisms that live on waste gasses (ammonia, hydrocarbons, high alcohols and etc.). Air coming out of the biofilter is 98 % filtered.
METHOD FOR ACCOMPLISHMENT OF INVENTION
Technological process is based on conversion of cattle and poultry excrements by passing through digestive system of larvae of flies. Process may be applied with excrements with PH 4 - 9, being a significant advantage compared to the application of California (oak)worms, that cannot be used for processing poultry and pig droppings or dung.
In production procedure, the total mass of excrements goes through digestive system of larvae of fly and is processed by an enzyme apparatus evolutionary adjusted exactly for this substrate. Complete transformation of organic compounds of nitrogen converts into disponable form of nitrogen in fertilizer. Content and mutual ratio of the remaining elements in hereby produced biohumus are optimally adjusted. This is a complete recycling of secondary raw-material, i.e. technology without waste matterial being of importance from the aspect of environmental ecology.
Organic waste - dung or droppings through rough grate is unloaded into a receiving compartment, wherein the content is warmed up to 25-30 0C (the compartment is equipped with heaters) and therein it is mixed.
Preparation of the raw-materials is, by using the transporter, brought onto a cultivator being set within the warmed air flow. The cultivator is the most important part of the technological equipment. Therein a dung or droppings, being impacted by larvae of flies, is converted into biohumus. The cultivator, depending on the capacity of the plant, may be constructionally achieved in different ways: a) in the form of trays set at fixed shelves; b) as a belt transporter ; c) in the form of trays carried forward by a chain conveyor; d) other similar equipment.
All the constructions of the cultivator provide that in the final phase of the process (from the fifth to the seventh day) larvae are separated from the mass of biohumus whereby used is their instict of migration from the material that is being processed. Naimely, larvae at the end of development thereof (the stage prior to doll emergence) are removed from the substrate along with stimulation by heating. Flies grown under controlled conditions, in an insectarium, produce the eggs. The insectarium is a special room having appropriately conditioned atmosphere, wherein are arranged the cages for breedig flies. The cages are equipped with devices for feeding and watering the flies, and with cages with a substrate wherein flies lay eggs.
Along with and next to large plants for processing organic waste (more than 10 to 15 tons of dung or droppings per day) insectaria will be furnished as well. For smaller plants there may be organized supply with eggs of flies from regional insectaria.
Two main products are obtained by processing of organic waste by means of larvae:
- biohumus,
- biomas larvae of flies.
There is another third product, that is chitin but it is required to brought it technollogically to the final product. In the product herewith is considered only the procedure for obtaining fractions of biohumus.
Biohumus is a high quality organic fertilizer applicable in growing all agriculural crops, and primarily in the intensive cultivation.
The main advantages of biohumus obtained from the procedure herewith explained are the following:
- biological origin of biohumus helps to obtain a soil of improved quality and therefrom obtained ecological clean products;
- at the treated soil important effect for laying 20-50 kg per 100 m2 and with one shot laying has the same effect that lasts even up to 5 years;
- it improves quality of obtained crops and yield (content of sugar, vitamins and biological active matters);
- owing to high filtrating properties it improves structure of all types of soil asking no additionl modifications;
- reduces acidity of the soil;
- overdoses biohumus asking no negative consequences; and
- biohumus is irreplaceable in organic agriculture.
Biohumus contains a set of nutritional matters (sugar, aminoacids, fats, vitamins, enzymes, etc.). Biohumus gives a special structure and quantity of microorganisms that are form a stable microbial system that eliminates bacteriological, viral and mycosal diseases and slows down development of phytopathogenic microflora.
Biohumus at "resource", i.e. in the form obtained from the plant for obtaining organic manure may be used for arable land, and is packed in appropriate larger or smaller packs.
A separate device carries out granulation of biohumus. Granules of biohumus contain reduced moisture content (10 - 15 %) and may be stored for longer time.
Out of one tone of organic waste - dung or droppins, having moisture of 75 %, about 400 kg of biohumus containing 50% of moisture is obtained. New procedure is carried out on the plant for obtaining organic fertilizer for processing organic waste having capacity of 3000 kg of waste per day, that corresponds to a farm with 20.000 egg-laying hens. Calculating specific weight of wase is 1 ,05 g/cm3 and according to calculation, dimensioning of the plant is carried out. The plant mainly comprises the following main component parts:
- preparation of substrate; - cultivator; - biofilter; - separator;
- final treatment; - packing unit.
Preparation of substrate. Organic waste is unloaded into a receiving compartment. From the receiving compartment by a transporter it is dispatched into a praparatory reservoir. The preparatory reservoir should have a capacity capable to take in the quantity of dung or droppings from the farm discharged during 2-3 days. It is usually a cylindrical container with a conical bottom part. The slant of the conus helps that dung or droppings slide downward. Capacity of the container is 7-10 m3. It is equipped with a low-speed mixer and heaters that are built-in walls. It is thermally insulated. Therein, preheating of the dung or droppings at 25-30 0C is carried out, but homogenization and moistening if required, as well. It is achieved that the dung or droppings that goes for further processing has controlled temperature and humidity.
From the bottom side the preparatory reservoir is closed with a slide valve by means of which animal dung or droppings is allowed through to fall onto the dosage transporter by means of which it is brought onto the cultivator.
i 5
Cultivator. Culivator is a part of the plant wherein carried out is the process for processing the dung or droppings. Inside the cultivator the dung or droppings becomes the substrate wherein larvae of fly develop and there comes about the processing thereof into biohumus. Cultivator of the plant is made of the elements that are standard in production of modern cage batteries for cage battery units for egg- laying hens - belts to fertilize, drives belonging to them and a construction that carries them on. Cultivator that consists of six conveyor belts, having width 1200 mm and working length cca 30 m that are arranged one above the other.
Substrate and eggs of flies are brought onto the upper belt. The following day, substrate from the upper belt wherein already developed larvae of flies are carried onto the belt below, and a new substrate and eggs of flies are brought onto the upper belt. Thickness of the substrate layer on the upper belt is 8 cm and on lower belts slightly decreases (5-7 cm).
Desired and equal thickness thereof on each belt is achieved with the help of a ribbing roller at the beginning of each belt, the position thereof can be adjusted and thereby it regulates the thicknes of the layer of substrate. Process of development of larvae in the substrate is carried out continually. There comes about a change once in a 24 hours cycle when the substrate is together with larvae from the upper belt carried below onto the lower one, and there are six of them, thus enabled is improved arrangement of larvae and aeration of the substrate. Below the lowest sixth belt there is a perforated trough. A scraper that moves the substrate synchronically with movement of technological belts of the cultivator is built in the trough. In the perforated trough, the final process of processing the substrate is done, and perforation at the bottom of the trough enables that the
larvae, following their natural instinct, fall out of the substrate. Sheet metals set in slant below the perforated trough direct the larvae that fall out of the trough that is set below the plant. The cultivator is set in the room wherein the temperature is kept about 250C. The process is hastened when the temperature is higher. At the first and the second technological belt, as seen from above, the temperature is kept at 300C, with the help of additional heaters. On the lower level, on perforated trough the temperature is increased to 400C. All six technological belts end in sheet metals having height of cca 100 mm and on those sheet metals are tight belts that are set in slanted position as well as the sheet metals set in slantfor the reason that, as early as the fifth and the sixth day of the procedure, migration of larvae is already possible.
Heating the space wherein the cultivator is set, is done by air heaters of appropriate power, and absorbtion of gasses is enabled by means of an axial fan heater.
Provided that biofilter is in use, absorbtion is carried out by centrifugal fan of higher voltage.
Biofilter. In the process of processing animal dung or droppings, a certain amount of ammonia is obtained. However, its neutralization and discharge is possible by means of building in the biofilter. Biofilter, through which air, that is absorbed and released from the plant, flows, is filled up by a specially prepared straw and in a completely ecological way it eliminates ammonia and other gasses that emerge in the procedure.
Separator. Humus that the scraper transporter takes away from the perforated trough even further contains defined quantity of larvae of flies or dolls of fly. System of unloading grate with vibratory sieves is used to achieve final separation between humus and larvae of fly.
On the top sieve, the roughest one, are separated pieces of eventually formed crust, good-sized articles, feathers and alike. On the second sieve, it is enabled that the remaining larvae and dolls and the fine and dry fractions of humus fall through the sieve. Part of the humus that maintained larger percentage of moisture on this sieve is shaped into pellettes having diameter of 6-8 mm of standard quality humus. This fraction of humus is intended for mass consumption: hothouses, polythene greenhouses, gardens and alike. Though the last, finest, sieve, is allowed only humus, while the pass through of larvae of flies and dolls is prevented. That fraction of humus is intended for small packages that are used in households for flowers and gardens.
Fractions of biohumus that remain on the second and the third sieve are forwarded to granulation. For that purpose is used an extruding- grinder. Device provides that possibly remaining larvae and dolls of fly and humus come out from the device definitely exterminated in the form of granules. Granules are dried either artificially or naturally and are used as a fertilizer in large packs.
Final treatment. Larvae of flies, bioprotein are treated by hot water, strained and dried. Those may be stored frozen until the use thereof, and even other ways of pocessing (drying, grinding, conservation) may be developed.
Packs. Standard packs of humus are larger than 50 I (30 kg) therein may be mixed pelleted and even granulated humus, and may be packed separately. Biohumus that is obtained upon the last sieve, wherein there is neither larvae nor flies and that is in quite fine granules in the principle is inteded for packs suitable for household use.
Claims
1. Procedure for obtaining fractions of organic fertilizer, by means of larvae of synantropic flies so that per 1 kg of animal dung or doppings there comes about 5 grams of larvae of flies, is characterized by, on transportation belts there is maintained a constant thickness and height of compost, where within 6 times per 24 hour and along with keeping the constant temperature of +28 to +32 0C and moisture 55 - 70 %, while the heat is constantly brought by means of warmed air, at the end of the procedure, biohumus is obtained upon 140 to 150 h as an organic fertilizer.
2. Procedure according to the claim 1 , is characterized by, that the mechanical separation by means of the unloading grate with three sieves: rough, medium and fine.
3. Procedure according to the claim 1 , is characterized by, that air that flows above the processed material takes over the waste gasses, that have odorous smell, from the process and this air is allowed through bifiler that comprises of the column filled up with a filling of moistened straw, previously prepared, and preparation consists of blowing clean air through the moistened straw, during which anaerobe microorganisms are removed, and there remain microorganisms that are fed by waste gasses (ammonia, hydrocarbons, high alcohols and etc.).
4. Procedure according to the claims 1 and 2, is characterized by, that the first separation is carried out on the rough sieve having hole diameter from 10 to 15 mm and thereon is carried out separation of dung or droppings from biohumus mass and larvae and all that remains on this sieve is thrown away for being not suitable for use.
5. Procedure according to the claims 1 and 2, is characterized by, that the second separation is carried out upon the first one and that being on the medium sieve having the hole diameter from 5 to 10 mm while then separated is biohumus of the first fraction that goes onto granulation of the rest, and this first fraction that remains on the medium sieve has neither larvae nor dolls.
6. Procedure according to the claims 1 and 2, is characterized by, that the third separation is carried upon the second on the fine sieve having the hole diameter from 0,5 to 5 mm allowing only fine biohumus to pass through, while on this sieve there remains the second fraction of biohumus of granulation 2-6 mm with larvae, dolls, etc. this content is specially treated - goes onto hollow three part trays.
7. Procedure according to the claims 1 and 2, is characterized by, that the third fraction is collected in a separate dish below the fine sieve - fine biohumus having granulation of 0,1 - 2 mm without larvae and dolls that remained on the fine sieve and this fraction goes further to drying, and then through the grinder.
8. Procedure according to the claims 5 and 6, is characterized by, the process has constantly to maintain the moisture level of fine biohumus (granulation 0,1 - 2 mm) to be 15 % so as to grind it, and is granulated up to 20 % of moisture so as to pack it into bags that until the use thereof, biohumus has to be stored at the temperature +17 to + 22 0C, and the transportation temperature for biohumus to the consumers must not be less than +50C.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| YUP-2005/0872 | 2005-11-21 | ||
| YUP87205 | 2005-11-21 |
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|---|---|
| WO2007059537A1 true WO2007059537A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/YU2006/000009 WO2007059537A1 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2006-05-10 | Procedure for obtaining fractions of organic fertilizer and the control procedure thereof |
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| WO2008040033A2 (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2008-04-03 | Altamed, D.O.O. | Device for production and separation of biohumus |
| ES2331452A1 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2010-01-04 | Flysoil, S.L. | Equipment and process for the elimination of organic waste through large insects (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| CN101538175B (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2012-04-25 | 北京继德成业环保科技有限公司 | Solvent and process for separating agricultural stalks |
| CN107641009A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2018-01-30 | 钟山县良丰生态农业有限公司 | A kind of sheep manure organic fertilizer of improved soil and preparation method thereof |
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| TWI708555B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2020-11-01 | 遠東科技大學 | Composting biological food intake prediction method, efficiency method and system for obtaining organic fertilizer |
| US10925265B2 (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2021-02-23 | Big Dutchman International Gmbh | Device, system and method for residue use in livestock farming |
| WO2024042184A1 (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2024-02-29 | Innovafeed | Method and facility for producing granules based on insect frass, and resulting granules. |
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| ES2331452A1 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2010-01-04 | Flysoil, S.L. | Equipment and process for the elimination of organic waste through large insects (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| US10925265B2 (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2021-02-23 | Big Dutchman International Gmbh | Device, system and method for residue use in livestock farming |
| CN107641009A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2018-01-30 | 钟山县良丰生态农业有限公司 | A kind of sheep manure organic fertilizer of improved soil and preparation method thereof |
| TWI708555B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2020-11-01 | 遠東科技大學 | Composting biological food intake prediction method, efficiency method and system for obtaining organic fertilizer |
| CN110199955A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-09-06 | 江苏思威博生物科技有限公司 | A method of fly maggot breeding is carried out using feces of livestock and poultry |
| CN110199954A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-09-06 | 江苏思威博生物科技有限公司 | A kind of stacked fly maggot breeding device and its application method |
| WO2024042184A1 (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2024-02-29 | Innovafeed | Method and facility for producing granules based on insect frass, and resulting granules. |
| FR3138979A1 (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2024-03-01 | Innovafeed | Process and installation for producing pellets based on insect frass and pellets thus obtained. |
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