RU2595738C1 - Apparatus for growing vermiculture of technologically specialised earthworm eisenia foetida and producing biohumus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Apparatus for growing vermiculture of technologically specialised earthworm Eisenia foetida and producing biohumus includes a cylindrical plastic container, lower part of container for initial arrangement of worms in nutritional mixture, three intermediate zones of container for worm-spent substrate as biohumus, central moisture- and air-permeable mesh element, which is impermeable for worms, upper cover of container, tray with supports under container, plastic mesh upper cassette for ten centimetre layer of compost from manure, where a 100-day cycle of adaptation of worms to artificial conditions of their habitation is completed.

EFFECT: invention increases output of biohumus and growing of stronger and active worms.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

In world practice, there is growing interest in the development and implementation of biotechnology for processing manure from livestock farms and other organic waste using compost worms into biohumus organic fertilizer [1, 2].

The most productive and acceptable for the technology of processing the organic substrate (feed for worms) is the dung (compost) worm Eisenia foetida, which served as the basis for breeding when creating in 1959 a variant called "California Red" (USA) [3, 4].

This species is ubiquitous, can be cultivated under artificial conditions and is well adapted to various organic-containing substrates [1, 4].

The present invention relates to a device for growing technologically specialized worms Eisenia foetida and producing humus fertilizer and can be used in small farms and private households.

Known box device for processing organic waste and biohumus using vermiculture [5]. However, the complexity of separating the worm from vermicompost increases the cost of its production, as well as 10-15% of the worm and its offspring (cocoons) die.

A device [6] is also known, in which sieve boxes with various mesh sizes suspended on vertical racks are used to separate worms, cocoons and biohumus into fractions. However, the device has a significant drawback - it is a smear of sieve cells and drying of the substrate at the walls of the boxes, which reduces the yield of vermiculture and biohumus.

A box device for producing biohumus is known [7], combined by three boxes into modules and separated by a mesh bottom, which allows the worms to penetrate as the substrate is eaten from the bottom up. The disadvantage of this device is the incomplete migration of the worm into another box, as well as parietal drying of the nutrient mixture at the wooden walls of the boxes.

A device [8] is known in which a tape of air-permeable fabric is used, which is loaded through the cone with a nutrient mixture directly onto producer worms grown separately. As the nutrient mixture level in the feed cone decreases, the tape advances. The mode is selected individually. However, the complexity and complexity of a number of technical solutions reduce implementation.

There is a method of producing specialized breeds of compost earthworm from the wild population of Eisenia foetida, in which the optimal parameters of the process are clearly formulated for its growing devices [3].

To maintain the moisture and pH parameters of the substrate, the cathode fraction is used as an option — electrochemically activated water as a deoxidizer [9, 10]. However, catholyte loses its properties after 2–3 hours [12, 13]; therefore, a peptide represented by gelatin in a concentration of at least 0.01 wt.% Is used as a stabilizer. %, which guarantees long-term preservation of the properties of an aqueous solution of catholyte with a pH of 8 and Eh = -350 ... -400 mV for 7 days [13].

The closest in technical essence to the present invention is a device for growing a worm [11], containing a plastic container with a lid, in the center of the container a perforated shaft-element, impervious to worms, and ventilation holes between the lid and the upper edge of the container. The disadvantage of this device is the low yield of vermicompost per unit mass of the nutrient mixture and the process of formation of the “strain” of the worm is not technologically well represented.

In order to increase the efficiency of using the proposed device, constructive solutions are provided that will increase the yield of vermicompost and grow stronger and more active individuals of the worm.

The proposed device (Fig. 1) consists of a plastic cylindrical container 1 with a lid 3 and a plastic mesh cassette 12 installed in the pallet 6 on the bars 9. In the bottom of the container 1 there are openings 8, 11, and a mesh element 2 is installed in the center of the bottom, providing air intake and drainage of excess water. The bottom of the cassette 12 is made mesh with a mesh size of 2-2.5 mm On the lid 3 there are four containers 4 for water. The bottom, the filler neck of containers 4 and the bottom of the container 1 mesh, ensuring the passage of water and air.

The cultivation of worms and the production of vermicompost in the proposed device includes the operation of introducing compost worms of a wild local population into the lower part (zone I) of a cylindrical plastic container 1 with a nutrient medium (layer 10-15 cm) and, as the worms eat up the organic substrate and settle, periodically after 7 -10 days, adding from above with layers of 7-10 cm, filling in the intermediate zones I, II and III with a height of 30 cm each for 3 months (90 days), while moistening with moisture-permeable bottoms of tanks 4 with water to maintain op the maximum humidity of the nutrient medium to periodically cathodic electroactivated water (pH 8, Eh = -400 ... -700 mV) to maintain the optimum pH of the substrate. Cathodic electrochemically activated water inhibits the development of pathogenic microflora, and also has a biostimulating effect, increasing the fecundity of worms by 20.4% [9, 12].

Worms from the spent layers of the substrate move from bottom to top in a layer of fresh compost, the caprolites of the worms and vermicompost remain below.

Peat, straw, sawdust and bark of deciduous trees, cow and horse manure, household organic waste, leaves, plant stems, paper, cardboard with appropriate processing and a fermentation period for manure of 6-7 months can be used as a substrate.

Fresh compost is actively aerated through the ventilation mesh element 2, the ventilation ducts on the water tanks 4 and through the holes 8 and 11 in the bottom 10 of the container 1, the ventilation elements 2, 5 and 7 are made of a moisture-breathable environmentally friendly neutral material, indestructible in a humid environment and impermeable for worms.

The plastic upper cassette 12 with a mesh bottom, permeable to worms, with a mesh size of 2-2.5 mm, is installed on the upper layer of the substrate (zone III) and serves for the first selection of the strongest and most active individuals. For a more complete sampling of them (95-97%) and further implementation, the installation of the mesh cassette 12 with fresh attractive food is performed three times with an interval of 7-10 days. After this selection, biohumus remains.

Thus, the wild local population of the worm Eisenia foetida, initially placed in a 10-15 cm layer of compost from manure with a population area of 40-50 ind./kg and propagated by the proposed device for three development cycles with a total duration of 100 days at an optimum substrate temperature of 20 ° C (15-25 ° C), optimal humidity 75% (65-85%) and optimal pH 7.0 (6.5-7.5) with periodic feeding with a layer of substrate 7-10 cm every 7-10 days, is a local technologically specialized population of earthworm productively ti production vermicompost approaching technological species "Hybrid Californian red" (1959) and "Vladimir hybrid" Prospector "(1982) [1, 2, 3].

Deviation from the optimal parameters of the process reduces not only the efficiency of use of the device, but also sometimes makes it unprofitable.

So vermicultivation in the mode of low positive (+ 6 ... + 8 ° С) in contrast to the optimal (+ 20 ° С) leads to a sharp decrease in the number of microorganisms that assimilate organic and mineral nitrogen by more than 8 times, phosphate-mobilizing bacteria - 10 times. The yield of caprolites is reduced by 12.1%. In addition, the content of nitrate nitrogen decreases by 173.4 mg / 100 g, phosphorus - by 21.7 mg / 100 g [14].

A population of at least 1,500 is considered genetically stable. individuals.

The multiplied first population of strong energetic worm individuals, together with the substrate, is sent to a repeated 100-day working quote. The remaining worms and vermicompost are sold as commercial products.

At the same time, from 1 ton of organic raw materials it is possible to obtain 600 kg of biohumus with a 25-32% content of humic substances with a wide range of beneficial microflora, giving the properties of complex microbial fertilizer and plant protection products.

It should also be noted that the efficiency of using only 1 kg of biohumus rich in bacterial flora is equal to 70-90 kg of litter manure [1].

Literature

1. Gorodny N.M., Melnik I.A., Povkhan M.F. et al. Bioconversion of organic waste in a biodynamic economy. - Kiev: Harvest, 1990 .-- 256 p.

2. Igonin A.M. Earthworms: how to increase soil fertility tenfold, using the "Prospector" earthworm. - Carpet: Mashteks, 2002 .-- 192 p.

3. RF patent for invention №2058737 A method for producing technological (specialized) breeds of compost earthworm Eisenia foetida / A.M. Igonin, published on 04/27/1996.

4. Perel T.S. Distribution and patterns of distribution of earthworms. - M .: Nauka, 1979.- 70 p.

5. No. de public FR No. 2594434 Dispositif et procede de production, d′humus par lombricompostage / Andre Donchery / Int. C1. C05F 9/04; A01K 67/00, 1987.

6. RF patent for invention №2033049 A universal device for growing vermiculture in a garden plot with biohumus production P.Z. Kashi, published on 04/20/1995.

7. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2054402 Device for producing biohumus / A.L. Ostanin, L.P. Ostanin, published on 02.20.1996.

8. RF patent for invention №2115639 A device for processing waste with biohumus and vermiculture production / V.V. Taratorkin. V.G. Matveykin, V.I. Bodrov et al.

9. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2040174 A method of removing worms / B.G. Rogachev, Yu.N. Sidorov, published on July 27, 1995. Bull. No. 21.

10. Butko M.P., Frolov B.C., Titans B.C. The use of electrochemically activated sodium chloride solutions for the rehabilitation of agricultural facilities. - Vetkorm, No. 1, 2007. - S. 25-27.

11. Int. PCT WO No. 87/00003 RECIPIENT POURELEVAGE DE TERRE / ROMANN Robert / Classif. Internat. A01K 67/00, 01/15/1987.

12. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2155717 Method of non-reagent change in the physico-mechanical properties of water and / or aqueous solutions / V.M. Bahir, published on September 10, 2000.

13. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2234945 Stabilizer of an aqueous solution and water-containing raw materials with spontaneously changing redox properties / V.M. Janitors, published on 08.27.2004.

14. Tereshchenko N.N. The influence of psycho-specialized conditions for cultivation of earthworms on the quality of vermicompost and the level of its biological activity. - Achievements of science and technology, No. 7, 2011. - P. 21-23.

Claims (6)

1. A device for growing vermiculture of a technologically specialized earthworm of the breed Eisenia foetida and producing vermicompost, including a cylindrical plastic container, the lower part of the container for the initial placement of the worms in the nutrient mixture, three intermediate zones of the container spent by the substrate as biohumus, a central moisture-permeable mesh element, impermeable for worms, the top cover of the container, a tray with supports for the container, a plastic mesh upper cassette for ten isantimetrovogo compost layer of manure, where the ends 100 days worms adaptation cycle to the artificial conditions of their habitat. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the top cover of the container is made in conjunction with four plastic containers with filler necks and bottoms, permeable to water and air during periodic compost humidification. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that to maintain the optimum pH of the substrate, one of the four containers in the container lid is periodically filled with cathode electrochemically activated water with a pH of 8, Eh = -400 ... -700 mV, which inhibits the development of pathogenic microflora and has biostimulating effect, increasing the fecundity of worms. 4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the bottom of the plastic mesh upper cassette with side walls is made with mesh sizes of 2.0-2.5 mm, permeable to worms. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that all the ventilation elements are made of a moisture-permeable environmentally friendly natural material, non-destructible in a humid environment and impermeable to worms. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the three intermediate zones of the container for the substrate worked out by the cherries as biohumus are 30 cm high each and are designed for three development cycles with a total duration of 90 days.

Images