CN1148062A - 隔气树脂组合物及其生产方法 - Google Patents
隔气树脂组合物及其生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1148062A CN1148062A CN96111236A CN96111236A CN1148062A CN 1148062 A CN1148062 A CN 1148062A CN 96111236 A CN96111236 A CN 96111236A CN 96111236 A CN96111236 A CN 96111236A CN 1148062 A CN1148062 A CN 1148062A
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Abstract
公开了一种含100重量份聚集的无机层化合物和200-10,000重量份树脂的树脂组合物,该聚集的无机层化合物粒径满足0<D/L和1μm<D<1000μm,其中各符号如说明书中所示;以及生产上述树脂组合物的方法。所述树脂组合物具有优良的隔气性、特别是隔氧性。
Description
本发明涉及一种隔气性优良、特别是隔氧性优良的树脂组合物及其生产方法。本发明进一步涉及一种具有至少一层隔气性优良的树脂组合物的层压材料,以及,包括这种树脂组合物的涂膜。
对于包装材料来说要求多种功用,其中为保护包装内容物抵抗不同气体的隔气效率(以下称作隔气性)是控制食品贮存性的一个重要特性。随着货品分布形式及消费者品味的改变、包装技术的多样性和对添加剂增进管理,隔气性正成为日益增大的更重要特性之一。可造成食品变质的许多因素包括氧、光、热、湿,等等。具体地说,氧是造成食品变质的主要因素。由金属、玻璃等等形成的、具有良好的隔气性和有效防止透氧的隔气材料,利用惰性气体填充包封和真空包封等手段防止食品变质是必不可少的。此外,具有不仅抗氧、而且抗各种其它气体、有机溶剂蒸汽、香气等等隔气功能的隔离材料有效地防止了腐蚀、异味和升华,因此用于许多领域,包括食品(如糖袋,干狐鲣片包装,蒸盒和含二氧化碳的饮料容器)、化妆品、农业化学品和医药供应。
但一般来说,树脂在隔气性方面相当差,因此作为用于上述目的的隔气材料不能令人满意。一种用于改进树脂隔气性广为人知的方法是向树脂中分散一种填料、特别是无机层化合物。例如JP-A-64-43554公开了一种方法,包括向乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(以下有时缩略为EVOH)中分散云母或滑石。不过,由这种方法得到的树脂组合物在无机层化合物分散在树脂中方面很差,与原树脂相比,极大地降低了透明性。为了克服这种缺点,已进行了使用一种无机层化合物的各种尝试,它在分散介质、特别是水中溶胀或裂解。这种无机层化合物典型地由层状硅酸盐代表。作为这种尝试一例,JP-A-62-74957公开了一种方法,其中在无机层化合物与聚酰胺化合时,无机层化合物分散在单体中,然后单体被聚合;JP-A-5-39392和JP-A-6-57066公开了一种方法,其中在无机层化合物与EVOH化合时,无机层化合物在水性溶剂(水-甲醇混合物)中溶胀或裂解,然后以这种状态分散入EVOH。不过,由这些方法得到的树脂组合物在隔气性方面仍不满意。
本发明的目的是提供一种包括一树脂和一与其化合的无机层化合物的树脂组合物,该树脂组合物隔气性优良,特别是隔氧性优良,即使在低含量无机层化合物的情况下亦如此。
本发明人进行了深入研究,通过将一种无机层化合物与一种树脂化合,获得了一种隔气性优良的树脂组合物,因此,本发明人确立了一种隔气性优良的树脂组合物可通过先聚集(aggregating)无机层化合物,然后使聚集的化合物与树脂化合而获得。正是基于上述发现便完成了本发明。
按照本发明,提供了一种树脂组合物,它包括100重量份的一种聚集的无机层化合物和200-10,000重量份的一种树脂,聚集的无机层化合物的粒径满足以下数学表达式(1):
5<D/L和1μm<D<1,000μm (1)其中L是无机层化合物聚集之前的平均粒径,D是无机层化合物聚集之后的平均粒径(平均聚集的粒径),以及一种生产这种树脂组合物的方法,包括在分散介质中分散无机层化合物以得到该无机层化合物的分散液的工序(以下称作工序1),聚集存在于工序1得到的分散液中的无机层化合物的工序(以下称作工序2),以及将工序2聚集的无机层化合物的分散液与树脂化合的工序(以下称作工序3)。
用于本发明的无机层化合物指的是无机化合物,其中单晶层一层叠在另一层之上形成层结构。术语“层结构”意指这样一种结构,其中由共价键等等强键合紧密排列的原子形成的平面大致与弱键强(如范德华力)平行地一层叠在另一层上。无机层化合物的具体例子包括石墨、磷酸盐衍生物类化合物(如,磷酸锆族化合物)、硫族化合物以及粘土矿。术语“硫族化合物”在这里意指由式MX2表示的IV族(Ti,Zr,Hf)、V族(V,Nb,Ta)和/或VI族(Mo,W)的二硫族化合物,其中M是上述元素,X是硫族元素(S,Se,Te)。
优选使用能在下述工序1中所用的分散介质中溶胀或裂解的无机层化合物,因为它们给出了较高的纵横比。
举例来说,通过下述溶胀能力试验和裂解能力试验评价无机层化合物在分散介质中的溶胀能力或裂解能力。优选在溶胀能力试验或裂解能力试验中显示约5或更高数值的无机层化合物,更优选显示约20或以上数值的无机层化合物,因为这类化合物给出较高的纵横比。在溶胀能力试验或裂解能力试验中,下述工序1中所用的分散介质用作分散无机层化合物的溶剂。例如,当无机层化合物是天然可溶胀粘土矿时,水优选用作溶剂。
溶胀能力试验
在100ml测定量筒中放入100ml分散介质,并向里面加入2g无机层化合物。于23℃放置24小时后,从无机层化合物分散层和上清液间界面的刻度读出无机层化合物分散层的体积。该体积值越大,表明溶胀能力就越高。
裂解能力试验
将30g无机层化合物和1500ml分散介质的混合物于23℃以8.5米/秒的周速在分散机(Disper-MH-L,商品名,Asaoda Tekko K.K.产,叶片直径52mm,转数3100rpm,容器容积3升,底面和叶片间距28mm)中分散。然后,将100ml等分所得分散液放入测定量筒。放置60分钟后,从分散层和上清液之间的界面读出无机层化合物分散层的体积。该体积值越大,表明裂解能力就越高。
在分散介质中进行溶胀或裂解的无机层化合物可以是例如在分散介质中进行溶胀或裂解的粘土矿。粘土矿一般分成两层结构类粘土矿,包括二氧化硅四面体层和位于四面体层之上以铝、镁或类似物作为中心原子的八面体层,以及三层结构类粘土矿,包括以铝、镁或类似物作为中心原子的八面体层和在两侧之间支撑八面体层的二氧化硅四面体层。前面两层结构类粘土矿的例子包括高岭石类和叶蛇纹石类。后面三层结构类粘土矿的例子包括蒙脱石类、蛭石类和云母类,这几类中间层阳离子数不同。
这些粘土矿的具体例子包括高岭石、地开石、珍珠陶土、埃洛石、叶蛇纹石、纤蛇纹石、叶蜡石、蒙脱石、贝得石、绿脱石、皂石、锌蒙脱石、富镁蒙脱石、水辉石、四甲硅酸云母、白云母、珍珠云母、滑石、蛭石、金云母、黄绿脆云母和绿泥石。
上述无机层化合物在聚集前的平均直径L优选为5μm或以下以便在本发明树脂组合物成膜或模塑时获得良好的成膜性或模塑性,优选0.05μm或以上以便获得良好的隔气性,优选3μm或以下以便获得良好的膜透明性,以及当薄膜用于透明性很重要的场合(例如食品包装)优选1μm或以下。
在本发明树脂组合物中,术语“聚集的无机层化合物”指的是粒径满足以下数学表达式的化合物。
5<D/L和1μm<D<1000μm其中L是聚集前化合物聚集的平均粒径,D是聚集后的平均粒径(以下有时称之为平均聚集的粒径)。当D/L比小于5或D小于1μm时,所得树脂组合物的隔气性不能令人满意。当D大于1000μm时,无机层化合物难以分散在树脂中。满足数学表达式10<D/L和5μm<D<100μm的化合物更为优选。D/L值的上限没有特别限制,但通常为500。
平均粒径L和平均聚集的粒径D可通过固定光散射法测定。在此法中,光穿过分散液,且分散介质中的粒径分布由散射光强的角分布测定。当分散液混浊度高因此不能获得足够的透光强度时,使用短光程的测量元件是优选的。例如,通过在具有20-50μm间隙的两个光学玻璃板之间放入分散液进行测定。聚集的无机层化合物可通过例如以下方法获得。
在本发明的树脂组合物中,树脂与聚集的无机层化合物的配比最好不高于10,000重量份树脂(相对于100重量份无机层化合物),以使所得树脂组合物具有良好的隔气性。该配比优选为200重量份或以上的树脂(相对于100重量份无机层化合物)以维持原树脂固有的良好的柔韧性和加工性。当本发明的树脂组合物用于挤压成型时,该配比更优选为1000-10,000重量份树脂(相对于100重量份层化合物)以获得良好的挤压加工性。当本发明的树脂组合物分散在分散介质中,然后用于涂覆单独制备的基体树脂膜时,该配比更优选200-5,000重量份树脂(相对于100重量份层化合物)。
用于本发明树脂组合物的例子包括聚烯烃树脂,例如聚乙烯和聚丙烯,聚乙烯醇,乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物皂化产物,聚酰胺,聚酯,液体聚合物和环氧树脂。其中,特别优选使用聚乙烯醇,乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物皂化产物和聚酰胺。聚乙烯醇(以下简写为PVOH)是通过水解(即皂化)聚乙酸乙烯酯的乙酸酯部分而得到。PVOH的皂化度优选95%或以上,特别优选98%或以上,以获得良好的隔气性和良好的耐温性。聚合度优选不小于100和不高于20,000。
乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物皂化产物优选具有25-85%(摩尔)乙烯含量,以达到良好的耐湿性和隔气性。皂化度优选96%或以上,更优选98%或以上。乙烯含量低于25-46%(摩尔)的皂化产物具有高隔氧性,而乙烯含量为50-85%(摩尔)的皂化产物具有优良的隔水蒸汽性;因此,在更需要隔氧性的使用中优选前者产物,而在更需要隔水蒸汽性的使用中优选后者产物。
聚酰胺在分子链中具有酸酰胺键(-CONH-),且通常具有9,000-40,000平均分子量。其例子包括由ε-己内酰胺、6-氨基己酸、ε-庚醇酰胺、7-氨基庚酸、11-氨基十一酸、9-氨基壬酸、α-吡咯烷酮、α-哌啶酮,等等得到的聚合物或共聚物;由二胺如己二胺、壬二胺、十一(烷)二胺、间二甲苯二胺等等与二羧酸如对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、己二酸、癸二酸等等进行缩聚得到的聚合物或共聚物;以及这些聚合物和共聚物的共混物。
聚酯是通过缩聚二羧酸与二醇得到的含酯基的聚合物。二羧酸的例子包括脂族和芳族二羧酸,如对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、己二酸、癸二酸、2,6-萘二酸、环己烷二羧酸、双-α,β-(2-氯苯氧基)乙烷-4,4′-二羧酸、琥珀酸、草酸等等。二醇的例子包括乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、二甘醇、聚乙二醇、新戊二醇、环己烷二甲醇、聚乙二醇,等等。
上述二羧酸和二醇可各自以其两种或多种混合物的形式使用。按照在邻氯苯酚中于25℃测定,聚酯的特性粘度优选0.4-2,更优选0.5-1。用于本发明的聚酯树脂除了含上述二羧酸和二醇之外,还含有其它单体作为共聚单体单元,只要其含量不高于10%(摩尔)即可。此外,两种或多种聚酯树脂可熔混和使用。特别优选用于本发明的聚酯是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚2,6-萘酸乙二醇酯和聚[α,β-双(2-氯苯氧基)乙烷-4,4′-二羧酸乙二醇酯]。
液体聚合物包括由缩聚芳二胺与芳族二羧酸得到的离液主链型液体聚合物,例如聚对亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺、聚对亚苯基苯并二噻唑和聚对苯二甲酰基肼;热致变主链型液体聚合物,例如聚对羟基苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸与芳二羧酸(如对苯二甲酸和间苯二甲酸)的共聚物,以及对羟基苯甲酸和/或6-羟基萘酸与二醇(如二甘醇)的共聚物;以及由这些液体聚合物与乙烯基聚合物借助于内消旋(mesogen)基或类似基团反应得到的侧链型液晶聚合物。
本发明的树脂组合物可通过例如下述方法,将聚集的无机层化合物与树脂化合而生产。在与树脂化合过程中,平均聚集的粒径D被认为未变,因此平均聚集的粒径D可采用前述方法等等在与树脂化合之前测定。需要的话,也可将本发明的树脂组合物制成薄膜,通过电镜或类似物分析平均聚集的粒径D。
本发明树脂组合物可以进一步含有一种分散介质、水溶性高分子物质、有机电解质或无机电解质(后面介绍)。分散介质的含量为50-100,000重量份、优选200-50,000重量份、更优选1000-20,000重量份(相对于100重量份无机层组合物)。
以下详细说明生产本发明树脂组合物的方法。
用于本发明工序1的分散介质可以是例如水、醇(如甲醇)、极性溶剂(如二甲基甲酰胺,二甲亚砜和丙酮)或两种或多种这些溶剂的混合物。优选使用水或醇如甲醇,因为它们在工业上更经济和安全,而且这些分散介质易于在后面介绍的方法3中除去。
对本发明工序1没有特别限制,只要它采用能将无机层化合物均匀分散在上述分散介质中的方法即可。分散无机层化合物优选在化合物浓度为0.1-5wt.%和20-80℃的条件下进行,而且优选进行搅拌,以得到细分散层化合物。搅拌通常采用能施加高剪切力的设备,搅拌时间为20-180℃分钟。作为更具体的例子,例如当蒙脱石被使用时,用水作为分散介质和使用能施加高剪切的搅拌设备(如Disper)以及以2wt.%或以下的浓度进行分散。
在本发明的工序2中,对用于聚集无机层化合物的方法没有特别限制,只要该方法能导致平均粒径L和平均聚集的粒径D满足数学表达式5<D/L和1μm<D<1000μm的结果即可。
用于聚集无机层化合物的方法的典型例子是加入一种能聚集层化合物的化合物(以下有时称作促凝剂)。这里,促凝剂意指一种具有中和无机层化合物具有的电荷的能力的化合物。例如,它可以是水溶性高分子物质、有机电解质和无机电解质,而且优选溶于上述工序1中所用的分散介质。
水溶性高分子物质的例子包括多糖及其衍生物,如甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、乙基羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维、硫酸纤维素、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、cardlan、黄原酸和壳多糖;聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸钠、聚苯磺酸、聚苯磺酸钠、聚乙烯亚胺、聚乙烯亚胺、其铵盐、聚乙烯基硫醇、聚丙三醇和水溶性聚酰胺。其中优选水溶性聚酰胺和多糖。
水溶性聚酰胺在分子中具有酸酰胺键(-CONH-)以及其它有极性的官能团,例如氨基。优选使用平均分子量为3,000-40,000的聚酰胺。其例子包括由缩聚二亚乙基三胺与二羧酸如对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、己二酸和癸二酸得到的聚合物或共聚物;或其共混物。
有机电解质和无机电解质是在上述分散介质中能电溶解和中和无机层化合物具有的电荷的化合物。有机电解质的例子是能阳离子交换或阴离子交换的有机电解质,包括例如脂族或芳族伯胺、仲胺、叔胺或季铵盐;烷基脂肪酸、烷基磺酸、烷基芳磺酸和硫代琥珀酸酯。更具体的例子是脂族碱及其盐,如十八胺、二甲基十八胺和三甲基十八铵盐;芳碱,如对苯二胺、α-萘胺、对氨基二甲基苯胺、2,7-二氨基芴、对氨基苯磺酸、苯基氨基丙酸和二苄胺;具有氮原子的杂环芳碱如哌啶;及其两种或多种的混合物。
无机电解质的例子是属于元素周期表1a族、2a族、2b族、3b族和6b族元素阳离子与抗衡离子的盐;以及带电胶体,包括在分散介质中能正电荷带电的二氧化铝凝胶和二氧化硅凝胶,和在分散介质中能负电荷带电的氧化铝凝胶和二氧化硅凝胶。阳离子优选是这样的元素,如钠、钾、钙、锶、钡、镁、锌、铝和硒。也优选氧化铝凝胶和二氧化硅凝胶。从人体安全性考虑,特别优选钠、钾、钙、镁和铝阳离子,以及氧化铝凝胶和氧化硅凝胶。对抗衡离子没有特别限制,可以是羟基离子、氯离子、乙酸根离子、硫酸根离子和硝酸根离子。
这些促凝剂通常以其水溶液或类似物形式加到工序1获得的无机层化合物的分散液中。
当在上述分散介质中可成为无机电解质的有机电解质或盐用作促凝剂时,由促凝剂的电溶解得到的离子在中和无机层化合物具有的电荷效率方面以一价离子、二价离子和三价离子顺次增大,结果促凝剂与无机层化合物的最佳混合比依所加的促凝剂的种类而变化。促凝剂与无机层化合物合适的混合比可通过前面获得按上述方法测定的D与促凝剂的量之关系而确定。当无机盐用作上述盐时,其用量例如在KCl2情况下优选为约500-3000mmol,而在CaCl2情况下,优选约0.5-50mmol(相对于100mg离子交换当量的无机层化合物)。当用量低于以上值时,聚集作用很小,且所得树脂组合物的隔气性没有充分改进。当用量大于此值时,可能产生不希望的伴生作用。促凝剂与无机层化合物的混合比从降低这种伴生作用及成本考虑最好应尽可能小。
用于本发明工序2的方法包括例如在分散介质中分散上述促凝剂,将所得分散体加到工序1得到的分散液中,并充分搅拌所得混合物。聚集所需时间取决于所用无机层化合物的种类和其它因素。有时,聚集需要长时间。有时,最好让混合物静置24小时或以上以达到附聚。有时,在分散液中出现沉淀,使之很难最终获得本发明的均匀树脂组合物。对于均匀分散在液体中的聚集的无机层化合物来说,希望进行工序3。因此,用目测观察同时测定D证实是否形成沉淀是必须的。当确认形成沉淀时,优选迅速进行工序3。
对用于本发明工序3的方法没有特别限制,只要它能将含有聚集的无机层化合物的液体分散体(工序2中获得)与树脂化合获得其中聚集的无机层化合物均匀分散在树脂中的树脂组合物即可。例如,它可以是:
(1)包括将工序2得到的液体倒入树脂中并除去工序1中使用的分散介质同时捏和以上得到的混合物的方法,
(2)当树脂溶于有机溶剂时,包括将溶于有机溶剂的树脂加到工序2得到的树脂中、强搅拌所得混合物形成均匀分散液,然后从均相分散液中除去分散介质和溶剂的方法,或者
(3)当树脂可溶于或以乳液形式分散在工序1中使用的分散介质中时,包括向工序2得到的液体中直接加入树脂,在液体中溶解或以乳液形式分散树脂,然后通过蒸发除去分散介质的方法,或者包括向工序2得到液体中直接加入树脂,在液体中溶解或以乳液形式分散该树脂,然后把所得溶液或乳液倒入其中树脂不溶、分散介质可溶的介质中,以及回收如此沉淀的树脂组合物的方法。在这些方法中,优选方法(1),因其经济有利。
由此得到的树脂组合物可以是片、粉、糊等等任何一种形式。
本发明的树脂组合物可与各种成分如其它树脂组合物、橡胶组分、填料、抗静电剂、各种稳定剂、成核剂、着色剂和润滑剂进行混合,只要它们不破坏本发明的效果即可。
本发明的树脂组合物可加工成多种成型制品,包括例如薄膜、片材、管子、杯子和瓶子。在加工中,本发明的树脂组合物可以被热熔融,并进行传统加工方法,例如T-模挤出法、充气加工、注塑、吹塑和拉伸吹塑。就薄膜或片材而言,它们也可进行传统的拉伸法,例如单轴拉伸、分段拉伸、平面连续拉伸、平面同时双轴拉伸和管形同时拉伸。
本发明树脂组合物可用作层压材料的至少一层,特别是用作包括3层或3层以上的层压材料中的中间层。这里,术语层压材料意指由层压本发明树脂组合物层与其它树脂层得到的产物。对用于其它树脂层的树脂没有特别限制,例如可以是热塑性树脂,例如聚烯烃,如聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚丁烯,包括烯烃作为主单体单元的共聚物,聚苯乙烯,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,聚碳酸酯,聚酰胺,乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物和聚偏氯乙烯;或其混合物。其中特别优选使用聚乙烯、聚丙烯或其混合物。
对获得具有至少一层本发明树脂组合物的层压材料的方法没有特别限制,可以是例如共挤压法、熔涂法、挤压层合法和干燥层合法。
当本发明树脂组合物层和其它树脂层之间粘接性不够时,最好在这两层之间另加一层粘合剂树脂层。对粘合剂树脂没有特别限制,只要在实际使用层压材料过程中它不造成脱层即可。典型例子是通过将不饱和羧酸或其酸酐化学键合(例如,采用加成或接枝)到烯烃聚合物(聚烯烃或含烯烃作为主单体单元的聚合物,如聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚丁烯)得到的含羧基的改性烯烃聚合物。
优选粘合剂树脂的具体例子包括马来酐接枝改性的聚乙烯,马来酐接枝改性的聚丙烯,马来酐接枝改性的乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物,马来酐接枝改性的乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物以及离聚物树脂;它们可单独使用或以其两种混合物的形式使用。
本发明的树脂组合物可加工成涂膜。例如,将本发明的树脂组合物分散在合适的分散介质中,所得液体涂在基膜上,然后通过干燥除去分散介质,从而得到涂膜。这里使用的基膜可以是通过使用与上述层压材料的其它树脂层中所用的相同树脂以前形成的薄膜。
由此得到的成型产品可以有利地用于多种用途,包括普通食品包装、罐装食品包装、药品包装、电子部件包装和汽油箱(包装)。
按照本发明,提供了一种树脂组合物,它包括一种聚集的无机层化合物和一种树脂,它隔气性优良,特别是隔氧性优良。
为什么按照本发明通过聚集无机层化合物并将聚集的化合物与一种树脂化合可得到隔气性优良的树脂组合物的原因尚不清楚。但据估计,通过聚集无机层化合物,该层化合物形成了具有比实际直径大的粒径的第二聚集体,从而在树脂组合物中分布了基本上较高的纵横比,由此开发出优良的隔气性。
以下参考实施例详细说明本发明,但本发明决不受这些实施例的限制。
以下介绍本说明书所示测定物理性能的方法。
透氧率
透氧率是采用氧渗透率测定仪(商品名:OX-TRAN100型,MOCON Corp.,USA生产)于室温及0.2%和98%相对湿度(RH)下测定的。本发明树脂组合物的透氧率非常低,在室温测定,常常低于检测器的可测限度。在这样的情况下(实施例1-9),于130℃和干态以加速试验进行透氧率评价。这种温度条件接近罐包装中的热处理温度条件,因此提供了一种评价隔气性的实用方法。在130℃烘箱中放入一个测压盒(Cell),上面装上一块测定面积为5cm2的样品膜,试验气体引入测压盒中并导通到氧渗透率测定仪上进行测定。放入样品膜后测定的数值取作静态值。
粒径分布
采用利用激光散射的市售粒径分布测定仪(商品名:LA-910,Horiba Seisakusho K.K.产),用糊测定池法测定粒径L和平均聚集粒径D。糊测定池法是这样一种方法,其中通过将分散液放入平行间距为20-50μm的两块光学玻璃板之间而进行测定。在此方法中,即使分散液的混浊度很高时,也可直接测定分散液中的无机层化合物的粒径,无须用分散介质稀释。作为测定参数,分散介质的折光指数(例如,就水而言,n25 D=1.332)和无机层化合物的折光指数(例如,就蒙脱石而言,n25 D=1.56)输入测定系统。
实施例1
工序1
天然蒙脱石(商品名:Kunipia F,Kunimine Kogyo K.K.产)用作无机层化合物。将它分散在去离子水中(导电率:0.7μm/cm或以下),得到2wt.%浓度。然后,将300重量份甲醇加到100重量份上述制得的分散液中,获得无机层化合物于水-甲醇中的分散液(以下简称分散液1)。所用的蒙脱石具有0.56μm粒径L,1.2156nm底面间隙(按粉末X-射线衍射法测定)和461纵横比(X-射线衍射法详情例如参见“Aguide to instrumental analysis(a)”,第69页(1958),JiroShiokawa监督,Kagaku Dojin K.K.出版)。
工序2
在玻璃制造的样品瓶中放入80g分散液1,然后往里加入36wt.%盐酸,以便其含量可能是以氯化氢表示,每100g天然蒙脱石87mmol,搅拌所得混合物并使其静置12小时。在静置后平均聚集的粒径D为72μm,D/L比为129。
工序3
向工序2得到的液体中加入4g(相当于每100重量份无机层化合物1000重量份)乙烯含量为32%(摩尔)的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH-F,商品名,Kuraray K.K.产,以下有时简写为EVOH-F)。将含有所得混合物的玻璃制样品瓶于67℃保持在超声波浴中进行溶解,从而得到均匀的溶液。将溶液倒入4升强搅拌的冷水中,收集由此形成的沉淀,用水充分洗涤,然后干燥,得到树脂组合物。将树脂组合物于200℃加压,得到厚30μm薄膜。测定透氧率,薄膜显示出表1所示的优良的隔氧性。
实施例2和3
重复实施例1的工序,只是工序2中加入的盐酸的量按表1所示的变化。由此得到的树脂组合物分别在隔氧性方面优良。
实施例4-9
重复实施例1的工序,只是在工序2中。替代盐酸,加入表1所示用量的氯化钾或氯化钙。由此得到的树脂组合物分别在隔氧性方面优良。
比较例1
重复实施例1的工序,只是在工序2中不加入盐酸。由此得到的树脂组合物在隔氧性方面很差。
参考例1
作为参考例,表1示出了什么都不含的EVOH-F的隔氧性。
表1
注:*1相对于EVOH-F的透氧率(OTR)定为1。
无机层 | L(μm) | 促凝剂 | D(μm) | D/L | 树脂 | 相对OTR*1 | ||||
种类 | 用量(重量份) | 种类 | 用量 | 种类 | 用量(重量份) | |||||
实施例1 | 天然蒙脱石 | 100 | 0.56 | HCl | 87 | 72 | 129 | EVOH-F | 1000 | 0.01 |
实施例2 | 250 | 80 | 143 | <0.01 | ||||||
实施例3 | 560 | 90 | 161 | <0.01 | ||||||
实施例4 | KCl | 1780 | 30 | 54 | 0.09 | |||||
实施例5 | CaCl2 | 1.3 | 70 | 125 | 0.05 | |||||
实施例6 | 2.6 | 85 | 152 | 0.01 | ||||||
实施例7 | 5.2 | 95 | 170 | 0.02 | ||||||
实施例8 | 12 | 96 | 171 | 0.04 | ||||||
实施例9 | 24 | 98 | 175 | 0.06 | ||||||
比较例1 | - | - | 0.56 | 1 | 0 25 | |||||
参考例1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.00 |
EVOH-F的OTR实际值为1000cc·15μm/m2·天·大气压。
实施例10
工序1
40g用作无机层化合物的天然蒙脱石(商品名:KumipiaF,Kunimine Kogyo K.K.产)加入到1960g去离子水(导电率:0.7μs/cm或以下)中,并在分散机(Disper MH-L,商品名,Asada Tekko K.K.产,叶片直径52mm,容器容积,底面和叶片间距为28mm)中于60℃和1500rpm转数及6.2米/秒的周速搅拌2小时进行分散,得到浓度为2wt.%的无机层化合物分散液(以下简称分散液2),所用的蒙脱石的粒径L为0.56μm,底面间隙1.2156nm(按照粉末X-射线衍射法测定),以及纵横比为461。
工序2
在分散机(Disper-MH-L)中装入1000g上面得到的分散液2,同时分散液2于60℃及2250rpm转数和6.2米/秒周速下进行搅拌,100g氧化铝凝胶分散液(Alumina凝胶-520,商品名,Nissan KagakuK.K.产,Al2O3 20wt.%,pH3.9)作为促凝剂加入,再搅拌1小时。搅拌完毕后,平均聚集的粒径D为9.1μm,D/L为16。
工序3
200g聚乙烯醇(聚合度1700,皂化度为99.6)(PVA117H,商品名,Kuraray K.K.产,以下简称为PVA117H)和1800g去离子水的混合物在分散机(Disper-MH-L)中于95℃和4.1米/秒的周速下搅拌至少1小时,得到10wt.%PVA117H水溶液。然后,将1100g以上工序2得到的液体加入分散机(Disper-MH-L),同时于60℃及2250rpm转数及6.2米/秒周速下进行搅拌,向里加入400g上面得到的10wt.%PVA117H水溶液,再搅拌1小时。结果,得到主要由无机层化合物、树脂和促凝剂(重量比1∶2∶1)的混合的水分散体。
用逆式凹版涂布机(多目的涂布机CR3-300,商品名,以下简称MPC,Tsutsui Seiki K.K.产)将以上工序3得到的混合水分散体连续涂布到用作基膜的双轴取向的薄膜(OPP,厚20μm)上。所得薄膜在去离子水中洗涤和干燥,得到一层涂膜(涂膜厚;512nm)。由此得到的涂膜如表2所示,具有0.41(于0.2%RH)和41.9(于98%RH)的透氧率(23℃,cc/m2·大气压·天),因此隔气性优良。
比较例2
重复实施例10的工序,只是不加入促凝剂的氧化铝凝胶,得到一层涂膜(涂膜厚:448nm)。由此得到的涂膜如表2所示具有0.97(于0.2%RH)和73.8(于98%RH)的透氧率(23℃,cc/m2·大气压·天),因此隔气性很差。
表2
无机层 | L(μm) | 促凝剂 | D(μm) | D/L | 树脂 | OTR(23℃cc/m2·atm·day) | ||||
种类 | 用量(重量份) | 种类 | 用量(mmol) | 种类 | 用量(重量份) | |||||
实施例10 | 天然蒙脱石 | 100 | 0.56 | 氧化铝凝胶 | 100 | 9.1 | 16 | PVA117H | 200 | 0.41(0.2%RH)41.9(98%RH) |
比较例2 | 天然蒙脱石 | 100 | 0.56 | - | 0 | 0.56 | 1 | PVA117H | 200 | 0.97(0.2%RH)73.8(98%RH) |
实施例11
重复实施例1的工序,只是在工序2中,以表3所示的量加入实施例10的氧化铝凝胶分散液来替代盐酸。由此得到的树脂组合物隔氧性优良。
比较例3
重复实施例1的工序,只是在工序2中,不加入氧化铝凝胶分散液。由比较例1得到的组合物得到的树脂组合物隔氧性很差。
比较例4
重复实施例11的工序,只是在工序1中不加入天然蒙脱石。由此得到的树脂组合物隔氧性很差。
参考例2
作为参考例,表3示出了什么都不含的EVOH-F隔氧性。
表3
*2透氧率:23℃,100%RH,cc,15μm/m2·天·大气压。
无机层 | L(μm) | 促凝剂 | D(μm) | D/L | 树脂 | OTR*2 | ||||
种类 | 用量(重量份) | 种类 | 用量 | 种类 | 用量(重量份) | |||||
实施例11 | 天然蒙脱石 | 100 | 0.56 | Al2O3 | 100 | 56 | 100 | EVOH-F | 1000 | <0.3 |
比较例3 | - | - | 0.56 | 1 | 1000 | 2.9 | ||||
比较例4 | - | - | - | Al2O3 | 100 | - | - | 1000 | 30.0 | |
参考例2 | - | - | - | 25.0 |
Claims (15)
1.一种树脂组合物,包括100重量份一种聚集的无机层化合物和200-10,000重量份一种树脂,该聚集的无机层化合物的粒径满足以下数学表达式(1):
5<D/L和1μm<D<1,000μm (1)其中L是无机层化合物聚集之前的平均粒径,D是无机层化合物聚集之后的平均粒径,即平均聚集粒径。
2.按照权利要求1的树脂组合物,进一步包括50-100,000重量份的分散介质。
3.按照权利要求1的树脂组合物,其中无机层化合物是选自石墨、磷酸盐衍生物类化合物、硫族化合物和粘土矿中的至少一种化合物。
4.按照权利要求1的树脂组合物,其中树脂是选自聚烯烃树脂、聚乙烯基醇、乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物皂化产物、聚酰胺、聚酯、液晶聚合物和环氧树脂中的至少一种树脂。
5.按照权利要求2的树脂组合物,其中分散介质是选自水、醇、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜和丙酮中的至少一种介质。
6.按照权利要求2的树脂组合物,其中无机层化合物能在分散介质中进行溶胀或裂解。
7.按照权利要求6的树脂组合物,其中在溶胀能力试验或裂解能力试验中测定的无机层化合物的溶胀能力或裂解能力不低于5。
8.按照权利要求1的树脂组合物,其中聚集的无机层化合物满足以下数学表达式(2):
10<D/L和5μm<D<100μm (2)其中无机层化合物的平均粒径L不小于0.05μm和小于5μm。
9.按照权利要求1的树脂组合物,其中无机层化合物的平均粒径L不小于0.05μm和小于5μm。
10.一种生产按照权利要求1-9任一项的树脂组合物的方法,该方法包括在分散介质中分散无机层化合物以得到该无机层化合物的分散液的工序,所述工序以下称作工序1,聚集由工序1得到的分散液中存在的无机层化合物的工序,所述工序以下称作工序2,以及将由工序2聚集的无机层化合物的分散液与树脂化合的工序,所述工序以下称作工序3。
11.按照权利要求10所述的方法,其中工序2包括向工序1得到的无机层化合物的分散液中加入至少一种选自水溶性高分子量物质、有机电解质和无机电解质的化合物。
12.按照权利要求10所述的方法,其中工序3包括将树脂溶解或以乳液形成分散在工序2得到的聚集的无机层化合物的分散液中,然后除去分散介质。
13.按照权利要求10所述的方法,其中工序3包括向热捏和的树脂中加入工序2得到的聚集的无机层化合物的分散液,然后在热-捏和系统的同时从系统中除去分散介质。
14.一种层压材料,它具有至少一层含有按照权利要求1-9任一项的树脂组合物层。
15.一种涂膜,它包括按照权利要求1-9任一项的树脂组合物。
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US5094829A (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1992-03-10 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Reinforced precipitated silica |
JP3159396B2 (ja) * | 1990-09-21 | 2001-04-23 | 株式会社クラレ | 樹脂組成物、その製法および積層体 |
EP0479031B1 (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1996-12-11 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Resin composition, process for its production and multilayered structure |
GB9110719D0 (en) * | 1991-05-17 | 1991-07-10 | Allied Colloids Ltd | Polymeric compositions and methods of making and using them |
AU662429B2 (en) * | 1992-07-29 | 1995-08-31 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Gas barrier resin composition and its film and process for producing the same |
WO1994008912A2 (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1994-04-28 | Ushers Inc. | Improved aggregates, and apparatus and method for making same |
-
1996
- 1996-08-26 AU AU64242/96A patent/AU6424296A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-08-27 JP JP22514096A patent/JP3666133B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-28 ES ES96113748T patent/ES2130726T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-28 DE DE69602239T patent/DE69602239T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-28 US US08/704,839 patent/US5854326A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-28 CA CA002184308A patent/CA2184308A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-08-28 EP EP96113748A patent/EP0761739B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-28 CN CN96111236A patent/CN1064694C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-28 KR KR1019960036186A patent/KR100386866B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1996-09-02 TW TW085110694A patent/TW378221B/zh active
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8148299B2 (en) | 2007-07-24 | 2012-04-03 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Reversible thermosensitive recording material, IC card, magnetic card and method for producing reversible thermosensitive recording material |
CN113613886A (zh) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-11-05 | 东洋纺株式会社 | 阻气性层叠薄膜 |
CN113613886B (zh) * | 2019-03-28 | 2023-09-22 | 东洋纺株式会社 | 阻气性层叠薄膜 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69602239T2 (de) | 1999-09-30 |
AU6424296A (en) | 1997-03-06 |
KR100386866B1 (ko) | 2003-08-19 |
EP0761739B1 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
EP0761739A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
CA2184308A1 (en) | 1997-03-01 |
JP3666133B2 (ja) | 2005-06-29 |
CN1064694C (zh) | 2001-04-18 |
ES2130726T3 (es) | 1999-07-01 |
US5854326A (en) | 1998-12-29 |
KR970010846A (ko) | 1997-03-27 |
DE69602239D1 (de) | 1999-06-02 |
JPH09124841A (ja) | 1997-05-13 |
TW378221B (en) | 2000-01-01 |
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