CN114804975A - Microbial soil conditioner for northwest arid region and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Microbial soil conditioner for northwest arid region and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
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- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 22
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- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 22
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- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial soil conditioner for northwest arid regions, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the soil conditioner comprises the water retention agent, the gypsum powder, the compound fertilizer and the compound microbial agent =2-5:2-3:2-3:10-20: 1-3. In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the microbial soil conditioner in northwest arid regions. The microbial soil conditioner disclosed by the invention can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, increase the content of organic matters in the soil, improve the structure of the soil and enhance the fertility and the bioactivity of the soil; the fertilizer can also prevent soil moisture from evaporating rapidly, has strong water retention, improves plant growth, does not cause harm to soil and surrounding environment, is suitable for northwest arid regions, and solves the problem of land desertification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil conditioners, and particularly relates to a soil conditioner for northwest arid regions and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Desertification is disturbing the survival and sustainable development of human beings, and is one of the biggest environmental and socioeconomic problems faced in the world today. Soil moisture, nutrients and microbial activity in vegetation growth conditions of arid regions are the most important limiting factors, but the currently researched soil conditioner has single function and unstable effect, and no further research is carried out on whether the subsequent soil moisture, nutrients and microbial activity can meet the vegetation growth requirements aiming at less arid desertification regions in northwest. Most of the existing soil conditioner technologies physically condition soil for farmland areas, and have the defects of large water demand, high investment intensity, long maintenance period and lack of technology for rapidly surviving shrubbery plants in desertification areas of arid areas. At present, most of the existing patents are directed at farmland areas, the drought resistance has obvious limitation, and soil in northwest arid areas is difficult to popularize, so that the application condition is good, the cost is low, the operation is simple, the efficiency is high, the sustainability is strong, and the soil conditioner in the arid areas which is suitable for large areas is urgently needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a microbial soil conditioner for northwest arid regions, which is used for increasing the content of organic matters in soil, supplementing effective nutrients of the soil and being suitable for northwest arid regions.
A microbial soil conditioner for northwest arid regions comprises a water-retaining agent, gypsum powder, a compound fertilizer, an organic fertilizer and a compound microbial agent.
The invention further improves that: the soil conditioner comprises the water-retaining agent, the gypsum powder, the compound fertilizer, the organic fertilizer and the compound microbial agent in a mass ratio of 2-5:2-3:2-3:10-20: 1-3.
The invention further prefers: determining the proportion: the shrub soil modifier comprises a water retention agent, gypsum powder, a compound fertilizer, an organic fertilizer and a compound microbial agent, wherein the ratio of the water retention agent to the shrub soil modifier is 2.5:2:2:14: 1.5; the herbaceous soil modifier comprises a water retention agent, gypsum powder, a compound fertilizer, an organic fertilizer and a compound microbial agent, and the ratio of the water retention agent to the compound microbial agent is 4:3:3:20: 2.
The invention further improves that: the compound microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces jingyangensis.
The composite microbial soil conditioner is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus, streptomyces jingyangensis and other materials, and has the characteristics of promoting plant growth, improving plant stress resistance, increasing soil fertility, improving soil property and the like through the demonstration of an indoor pot culture experiment.
The invention further improves that: the composite microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces jingyang in a mass ratio of 2-5: 1-3: 1-3: 2-4.
The invention further prefers: the composite microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces jingyang in a mass ratio of 4: 1: 1: 2
A preparation method of a microbial soil conditioner for northwest arid regions comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a microbial carrier: preparing a carrier raw material; crushing the water-retaining agent, the gypsum powder, the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer, sieving by a 60-mesh sieve, fully and uniformly mixing according to the proportion, feeding into a granulator for granulation, and controlling the particle size of a granulated product to be 1-4mm by using a conventional method to obtain carrier pill-shaped particles;
step 2: the proportion of the microorganisms is as follows: the mass ratio of each strain in the microorganism bacterium is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces jingyangensis 2-5: 1-3: 1-3: 2-4;
step 3; respectively adding the carrier particles into bacterial liquid which is cultured by each microorganism bacterium independently to fully absorb the microorganism bacterium, then filtering and drying at low temperature to obtain carrier particles containing bacillus subtilis, carrier particles containing bacillus licheniformis, carrier particles containing bacillus mucilaginosus and carrier particles containing streptomyces jingyangensis;
and 4, step 4: and fully and uniformly mixing the carrier particles containing the bacillus subtilis, the carrier particles containing the bacillus licheniformis, the carrier particles containing the bacillus mucilaginosus and the carrier particles containing the streptomyces jingyangensis, and packaging to obtain the microbial soil conditioner with the functions of water retention, drought resistance, weight gaining, viable bacteria and the like.
Preferably, in step 3: separately culturing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and Streptomyces jingyangensis by conventional method to obtain viable bacteria with effective viable count of 1 × 10 9 CFU/ml bacterial liquid, fermentation tank temperature 25-35 deg, ph 5-7, culturingCulturing for 5-7 days to obtain bacterial liquid for culturing each microorganism individually.
Preferably, the step 4: and (3) respectively adding the carrier particles into bacterial liquid which is cultured by each microorganism bacterium independently to fully absorb the microorganism bacterium for 5-10 days, then filtering, drying at low temperature, and screening to obtain the microorganism bacterium agent carrier particles with the particle size of 1-5mm and containing bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces jingyangensis.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the microbial soil conditioner disclosed by the invention is low in cost and high in improvement efficiency, can effectively adjust the soil structure, can retain water, ventilate, increase the fertility and increase the yield, can improve the survival rate of vegetation, is beneficial to vegetation growth, and can reduce the maintenance cost;
2. the organic matter content in the soil is increased, the activity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is enhanced, the available nutrients of the soil are supplemented, and the method is suitable for northwest arid desertification areas;
3. the Jingyang streptomycete can also release antibacterial substances while enhancing soil fertility and stimulating plant growth, and fermentation liquor of the Jingyang streptomycete has antibacterial performance;
4. according to the invention, the composite microbial soil conditioner is prepared, and proved by an indoor potting experiment, the soil composite microbial soil conditioner has the characteristics of promoting plant growth, improving plant stress resistance, increasing soil fertility, improving soil property and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments, which are to be understood as merely illustrative and not limitative of the scope of the present invention.
The specific experimental steps of the embodiment of the invention are as follows:
step 1, multi-point typical soil collection and mixing treatment in northwest arid region
The method is characterized in that the method selects inner Mongolia Ordos city in northwest arid area, and Mao Wusu desert area, is drought and rainless, has low organic matter content in soil and low fertility, and is suitable for experimental soil sample materials. Selecting typical sandy soil (ph 8.5-9.5) at the 6-point positions of the Wumei flag, the Eyork flag and the Eyork front flag, collecting soil with the surface layer of 0-50cm, collecting 5 tons of soil in total, fully mixing uniformly, and analyzing and detecting the physicochemical properties of the soil.
TABLE 1 basic physicochemical Properties of typical soils tested
Step 2, simulating the real scene of the humidity of the experimental room temperature
The method is characterized in that the weather change of the Eldos area and Beijing in about 20 years is contrastingly analyzed, and the temperature and humidity change of the growth season (4-7 months, 6-29 degrees) of the Eldos area vegetation is simulated in a Beijing laboratory (3-6 months, 6-29 degrees) according to the average weather condition of the vegetation in the growth period of the vegetation in 3-7 months, so that relatively accurate experimental results can be obtained. Corresponding growth conditions are simulated through ventilation control, illumination control and humidity control in the experimental process.
Step 3, pretreatment of experimental materials
(1) Local dominant shrub and grass selection
Large shrubs and herb breeding bases are selected in the Eldos local area, two shrubs of salix mongolica and caragana microphylla which grow well are selected to be planted in the local area, various herbaceous plants such as Shacawang, Shasongbai, lespedeza bicolor and sand rice are selected, and grass irrigation is a local dominant species with obvious landscape, protection and sand fixation effects.
(2) Experiment of herb germination percentage
Germination rate experiments were performed on the herbal seeds. Arbitrarily selecting 100 small-grain seeds as a group. Repeating for four times, respectively and uniformly sowing the seeds on gauze with maintained humidity, placing the gauze on a culture dish, maintaining a proper growth temperature, and measuring the germination rate, wherein the final germination rate of the batch of herbal seeds is 92.6 percent, the germination rate is higher, and the batch of herbal seeds can be used as seed materials for the experiment.
(3) Pretreatment of herbaceous germplasm
The method comprises the steps of performing seed pretreatment operation on herbal seeds, soaking the herbal seeds which pass germination percentage detection in a 3% H2O2 solution for about 10-30 minutes, and transferring the herbal seeds to warm water for soaking to remove seed germs. Can also increase the germination rate of seeds and avoid plant infection and pest damage.
(4) Bush pretreatment
Pre-treating shrub species, carrying out a large amount of cultivation and growth in a shrub breeding base, selecting 2-3 years old caragana microphylla and salix psammophila, and transporting root soil to a laboratory for later use. The water and the nutrition of the root soil are maintained, the seedling revival period after the shrub seedlings are planted is reduced, and the survival rate of the shrub seedlings is increased.
(5) Microbial soil conditioner
Organic fertilizer: the organic fertilizer consists of sheep manure, bean dregs, corn dregs, active protease and polypeptide enzyme, and organic matters contained in the organic fertilizer can provide energy for the life activities of microorganisms;
compound fertilizer: the main component is potassium sulfate, N is P2O5: K2O =15:15:15, the fertilizer efficiency and the nutrient utilization rate of the soil can be improved, meanwhile, the generation of a soil aggregate structure can be promoted, the three-phase proportion of the soil can be adjusted, the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be improved, and the saline alkali property of the soil can be reduced;
water-retaining agent: the water-retaining agent has strong water absorption and water retention capacity, can continuously drain water in a drought environment, creates a drought-resistant buffer space for root system and seed development, provides a water environment for microbial activities and ensures microbial activity;
gypsum powder, namely, the gypsum powder and Na + in the soil are subjected to a displacement reaction, so that the alkalization degree of the soil is reduced, the adsorption capacity of soil ions is enhanced, the porosity of the soil is increased, and the water holding capacity of the soil is improved;
compound microbial agent: the compound microbial agent is prepared by mixing and solid fermenting bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces jingyangensis. The compound microbial agents are beneficial strains screened and domesticated in soil, and the bacillus subtilis has a nitrogen fixation effect and can enhance the stress resistance of plants; the bacillus licheniformis can kill harmful bacteria and improve the disease resistance of plants; the bacillus mucilaginosus can release potassium and fix nitrogen, so that more fibrous roots can develop in plants, and the growth of root systems is promoted; the streptomyces jingyangensis can produce organic acid, amino acid, polysaccharide, hormone and other substances which are beneficial to the absorption and utilization of plants. Meanwhile, the microbial agent is applied, so that an obvious protective barrier is established for the plant root system environment, and the active effects of water retention, alkali reduction, fertilizer increase and rooting of each component can be exerted more efficiently.
The invention provides a microbial agent, which comprises microbial bacteria and a carrier, wherein selected strain combinations are not antagonistic to each other, the microbial agent has good colonization competitiveness after being applied to soil, and can effectively increase the water binding capacity of the soil.
Step 4, microbial soil conditioner ingredients and proportion
Uniformly mixing 5 tons of soil samples with soil conditioner materials in different proportions by using an electric stirrer, and planting shrub seedlings into a large flowerpot, wherein 6L of soil is about 8 kg; the seed mix was sown into small pots and covered with a thin soil, 500mL of about 600g of soil. Adding materials according to different proportions.
The proportion of the microbial soil conditioner is as follows: gypsum powder: compound fertilizer: organic fertilizer: the compound microbial agent =2-5:2-3:2-3:10-20: 1-3.
And finally, when shrubs are planted, the soil conditioner is prepared from the water-retaining agent, the gypsum powder, the compound fertilizer, the organic fertilizer and the compound microbial agent in a ratio of 2.5:2:2:14: 1.5.
When the herbaceous plants are planted, the soil conditioner is prepared from a water-retaining agent, gypsum powder, a compound fertilizer, an organic fertilizer and a compound microbial agent in a ratio of 4:3:3:20: 2.
The experimental site: the method is characterized in that the method is selected in a Beijing laboratory, the experimental soil is formed by uniformly mixing typical soil collected from different positions of Erdos in northwest areas, the temperature and humidity of the Erdos areas are simulated indoors, and the number of planted herbaceous plants and shrubs is 400.
And realizing the object: the experiment is carried out by 4 groups, wherein 2 groups are blank control groups, no soil conditioner is added, and a herbage control group, a herbage experiment group, a shrub control group and a shrub experiment group are arranged, and each group has 100 pots.
The experimental method comprises the following steps: and (3) performing experiments in the same non-interference condition within 3 months, wherein if the experimental soil is the same, the temperature and the humidity are the same, the vegetation is the same, the addition of the conditioner is different, the irrigation water amount for management and protection is the same, and other experimental management methods are the same.
TABLE 2 influence of different experimental treatments on the physicochemical properties of soil, water saving for vegetation maintenance and survival rate
As can be seen from Table 2, the experimental group has a lower pH than the control group, a lower soil volume weight, an increased soil porosity and an improved soil structure; the contents of quick-acting potassium, total nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil are effectively improved, the organic matter in the soil is obviously improved, the water content of the soil is improved by more than 30 percent, the survival rate of vegetation is improved by more than 60 percent, and the survival rate of the vegetation is obviously improved;
in conclusion, the microbial soil conditioner is applied to soil in northwest arid regions, so that the physical and chemical properties of the microbial soil conditioner are improved, the soil fertility and the water retention are improved, the soil environment for vegetation growth is created, and the vegetation survival rate is improved.
Step 5, preparation method of microbial soil conditioner
1. Preparation of the vector: crushing carrier raw materials (water-retaining agent, gypsum powder, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer), sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, fully and uniformly mixing according to the proportion, feeding into a granulator for granulation, and controlling the particle size of a granulated product to be 1-4mm by using a conventional method to obtain carrier particles;
2. preparing a microbial strain: separately culturing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and Streptomyces jingyangensis by conventional method to obtain viable bacteria with effective viable count of 1 × 10 9 Culturing the bacterial solution of CFU/ml in a fermentation tank at 25-35 deg.C and pH of 5-7 for 5-7 days to obtain bacterial solution for culturing each microorganism strain;
the mass ratio of each strain in the microbial strain is that bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces jingyangensis is 2-5: 1-3: 1-3: 2-4;
3. respectively adding the carrier particles into bacterial liquid which is cultured by each microorganism bacterium independently to fully absorb the microorganism bacterium for 5-10 days, then filtering, drying at low temperature, and screening to obtain microorganism bacterium agent carrier particles with the particle size of 1-5mm and containing bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces jingyangensis;
4. and fully and uniformly mixing the carrier particles containing the bacillus subtilis, the carrier particles containing the bacillus licheniformis, the carrier particles containing the bacillus mucilaginosus and the carrier particles containing the streptomyces jingyangensis, and packaging to obtain the microbial agent with the functions of water retention, drought resistance and the like.
The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features.
Claims (7)
1. A microbial soil conditioner for northwest arid regions, which is characterized in that: the soil conditioner comprises a water-retaining agent, gypsum powder, a compound fertilizer, an organic fertilizer and a compound microbial agent.
2. A microbial soil conditioner for use in northwest arid region according to claim 1, wherein: the soil conditioner comprises the water-retaining agent, the gypsum powder, the compound fertilizer, the organic fertilizer and the compound microbial agent in a mass ratio of 2-5:2-3:2-3:10-20: 1-3.
3. A microbial soil conditioner for use in northwest arid region according to claim 1, wherein: the compound microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces jingyangensis.
4. A microbial soil conditioner for use in northwest arid region as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the composite microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces jingyangensis in a mass ratio of 2-5: 1-3: 1-3: 2-4.
5. The method for preparing a microbial soil conditioner for northwest arid region as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a microbial carrier: preparing a carrier raw material; water-retaining agent, gypsum powder, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer; crushing, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, fully and uniformly mixing according to the proportion, feeding into a granulator for granulation, and controlling the particle size of a granulated product to be 1-4mm by using a conventional method to obtain carrier pellet-shaped particles;
step 2: the proportion of the microorganisms is as follows: the mass ratio of each strain in the microorganism bacterium is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces jingyangensis 2-5: 1-3: 1-3: 2-4;
step 3; respectively adding the carrier particles into bacterial liquid which is cultured by each microorganism bacterium independently to fully absorb the microorganism bacterium, then filtering and drying at low temperature to obtain carrier particles containing bacillus subtilis, carrier particles containing bacillus licheniformis, carrier particles containing bacillus mucilaginosus and carrier particles containing streptomyces jingyangensis;
and 4, step 4: and fully and uniformly mixing the carrier particles containing the bacillus subtilis, the carrier particles containing the bacillus licheniformis, the carrier particles containing the bacillus mucilaginosus and the carrier particles containing the streptomyces jingyangensis, and packaging to obtain the microbial soil conditioner with the functions of water retention, drought resistance, weight gaining, viable bacteria and the like.
6. The method for preparing a microbial soil conditioner for northwest arid region as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in the step 3: separately culturing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and Streptomyces jingyangensis by conventional method to obtain viable bacteria with effective viable count of 1 × 10 9 And (3) culturing the bacterial solution of CFU/ml in a fermentation tank at the temperature of 25-35 ℃ and the ph of 5-7 for 5-7 days to obtain the bacterial solution for independently culturing each microorganism.
7. The method for preparing a microbial soil conditioner for northwest arid region as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the step 4: and (3) respectively adding the carrier particles into bacterial liquid which is cultured by each microorganism bacterium independently to fully absorb the microorganism bacterium for 5-10 days, then filtering, drying at low temperature, and screening to obtain the microorganism bacterium agent carrier particles with the particle size of 1-5mm and containing bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces jingyangensis.
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