CN114804834A - 一种低温烧结碳复合陶瓷线性电阻及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种低温烧结碳复合陶瓷线性电阻及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种低温烧结碳复合陶瓷线性电阻及其制备方法，该线性电阻包括以下重量份数的原料组分：铝矾土40‑60份，长石粉10‑20份，石英1‑10份，高岭土5‑15份，氧化铁0.5‑2份，石墨5‑15份，粘合剂0.1‑1.5份，分散剂0.1‑1.5份。与现有技术相比，本发明的碳复合陶瓷线性电阻的制造方法，工艺流程简单，设备成本低，原料易得，有效降低烧结温度，耐高电压、制成的电阻阻值范围宽及稳定性强等。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电阻材料技术领域，涉及一种低温烧结碳复合陶瓷线性电阻及其制备方法。
背景技术
石墨陶瓷线性电阻作为超高压输变电设备的关键电气保护部件之一，用以限制高压断路器在操作过程中产生的过电压。一般陶瓷线性电阻的烧结温度为1200摄氏度以上，烧成周期24小时。如中国专利CN201210028432.4公开了一种负电阻温度系数氧化锌线性电阻陶瓷材料及制备方法，其所制备的电阻的烧结温度1250-1350℃，保温3-5小时，阻温系数为-3.7×10-3至-3.6×10-3Ω/℃。中国专利CN201610692351.2公开了一种耐高压石墨线性电阻及其制备方法，其电阻的烧结温度为1300-1600℃，烧结40-160分钟。可见，现有的石墨陶瓷线性电阻生产过程中存在烧结温度高，烧成时间长，生产过程中能耗大，稳定性较差等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了提供一种低温烧结碳复合陶瓷线性电阻及其制备方法，以实现工业化生产需要，且同时满足耐高电压、无感、高能量耐受、宽电阻和/或稳定性高的要求。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：
一方面，本发明提供了一种低温烧结碳复合陶瓷线性电阻，包括以下重量份数的原料组分：铝矾土40-60份，长石粉10-20份，石英1-10份，高岭土5-15份，氧化铁0.5-2份，石墨5-15份，粘合剂0.1-1.5份，分散剂0.1-1.5份。
进一步的，所述的粘合剂为聚乙烯醇或聚丙烯酸。
进一步的，所述的分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵或有机磷酸酯。
进一步的，所述的石墨呈鳞片状，其粒径为5-8μm。
进一步的，所述的氧化铁为纳米氧化铁，其粒径为10-100nm。
另一方面，本发明还提供了一种低温烧结碳复合陶瓷线性电阻的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)分别取铝矾土、长石粉、石英和高岭土烘干、粉碎、过筛后，得到粉状原料备用；
(2)按配比称取上述制得的粉状原料，加入分散剂和粘合剂混合，球磨，得到浆料；
(3)将浆料经造粒设备造粒后，再压制成型，得到碳复合陶瓷线性电阻生坯；
(4)将碳复合陶瓷线性电阻生坯加热排胶后，再烧结成型，所得产物冷却、磨制，并在其上下端面喷涂铝电极，侧面涂刷绝缘层，即制得目的产物碳复合陶瓷线性电阻。
进一步的，步骤(1)中，过筛为过30目筛。
进一步的，步骤(2)中，制成的浆液固含量为30-70％。
进一步的，步骤(4)中，加热排胶的温度为400-500℃，时间为1-6小时。
进一步的，步骤(4)中，烧结的温度为900-1100℃，烧结保温时间为30-120min。
进一步的，造粒设备可以为喷雾造粒机或离心造粒机等。
本发明所采用的各原料组分中，石墨具有良好的导电性和正温漂，物理化学性能稳定，铝矾土、长石粉、石英和高岭土材料易得且构成多孔陶瓷绝缘体，氧化铁既有液相烧结，又会产生固溶体，烧结过程中会被还原为氧化亚铁进入玻璃相，降低始熔温度，由此形成的碳复合陶瓷线性电阻具有体电阻的无感、使用温度高、可以耐受大的冲击电流，能吸收更多的能量，并能在高压下工作。
与现有技术相比，本发明的碳复合陶瓷线性电阻的制造方法，工艺流程简单，设备成本低，原料易得，有效降低烧结温度，耐高电压、制成的电阻阻值范围宽及稳定性强特点。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本实施例以本发明技术方案为前提进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
以下各实施例中，所用有机磷酸酯于邢台鑫蓝星科技有限公司采购。其余如无特别说明的原料或处理技术，则表明其均为本领域的常规市售产品或常规处理技术。
实施例1：
本实施例提供的碳复合陶瓷线性电阻各组分原料的质量配比为：铝矾土55份；长石粉15份；石英5份；高岭土13份；氧化铁0.5份，石墨10份；聚乙烯醇1份；聚丙烯酸铵0.5份。
上述碳复合陶瓷线性电阻的制备方法为：
先分别称取铝矾土、长石粉、石英、高岭土、氧化铁、石墨、聚乙烯醇以及聚丙烯酸铵，按照上述比例配料，加入去离子水至固含量60％，然后在球磨机内球磨12小时；随后用离心造粒机进行造粒。将造粒的粉料装入模具内，用液压机进行压制，压成直径Φ48mm、高度18mm的圆柱体；接着在排胶炉内于500℃进行排胶2小时；排完胶后在还原气氛炉中1100℃下进行烧结2小时；然后对烧结后所得到的电极材料两端磨平并喷涂铝电极，侧面涂刷绝缘层即得到碳复合陶瓷线性电阻。
经检测，本实施例制得的碳复合陶瓷线性电阻的电阻为200Ω，电阻温度系数-0.1％/℃，脉冲能量密度370J/cm3，恒功率能量密度1000J/cm3。
实施例2
本实施例提供的碳复合陶瓷线性电阻各组分原料的质量配比为：铝矾土60份；长石粉13份；石英2份；高岭土13份；氧化铁1份，石墨10份；聚乙烯醇0.5份；聚丙烯酸铵0.5份。
上述碳复合陶瓷线性电阻的制备方法为：
先分别称取铝矾土、长石粉、石英、高岭土、氧化铁、石墨、聚乙烯醇以及聚丙烯酸铵，按照上述比例配料，然后在球磨机内球磨12小时；随后用离心造粒机进行造粒。将造粒的粉料装入模具内，用液压机进行压制，压成直径Φ48mm、高度18mm的圆柱体；接着在排胶炉内500℃进行排胶1.5小时；排完胶后在还原气氛炉中1000℃下进行烧结1小时；然后对电极两端磨平并喷涂铝电极，侧面涂刷绝缘层即可。
经检测，本实施例制得的碳复合陶瓷线性电阻的电阻为40Ω，电阻温度系数-0.08％/℃，脉冲能量密度400J/cm3，恒功率能量密度1300J/cm3。
实施例3
本实施例提供的碳复合陶瓷线性电阻各组分原料的质量配比为：铝矾土50份；长石粉15份；石英1份；高岭土15份；氧化铁2份，石墨15份；聚乙烯醇1份；有机磷酸酯1份。
上述碳复合陶瓷线性电阻的制备方法为：
先分别称取铝矾土、长石粉、石英、高岭土、氧化铁、石墨、聚乙烯醇以及有机磷酸酯，按照上述比例配料，然后在球磨机内球磨12小时；随后用离心造粒机进行造粒。将造粒的粉料装入模具内，用液压机进行压制，压成直径Φ48mm、高度18mm的圆柱体；接着在排胶炉内500℃进行排胶2小时；排完胶后在还原气氛炉中950℃下进行烧结2小时；然后对电极两端磨平并喷涂铝电极，侧面涂刷绝缘层即可。
本实施例可制得电阻为10Ω，电阻温度系数-0.15％/℃，脉冲能量密度430J/cm3，恒功率能量密度1100J/cm3的碳复合陶瓷线性电阻。
对比例1：
与实施例1相比，绝大部分都相同，除了省去了长石粉和石英成分。经检测，本实施例制得的碳复合陶瓷线性电阻的电阻超过100MΩ，电阻仍然为未导通状态。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改，并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此，本发明不限于上述实施例，本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示，不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种低温烧结碳复合陶瓷线性电阻，其特征在于，包括以下重量份数的原料组分：铝矾土40-60份，长石粉10-20份，石英1-10份，高岭土5-15份，氧化铁0.5-2份，石墨5-15份，粘合剂0.1-1.5份，分散剂0.1-1.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温烧结碳复合陶瓷线性电阻，其特征在于，所述的粘合剂为聚乙烯醇或聚丙烯酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温烧结碳复合陶瓷线性电阻，其特征在于，所述的分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵或有机磷酸酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温烧结碳复合陶瓷线性电阻，其特征在于，所述的石墨呈鳞片状，其粒径为5-8μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温烧结碳复合陶瓷线性电阻，其特征在于，所述的氧化铁为纳米氧化铁，其粒径为10-200nm。
6.如权利要求1-5任一所述的一种低温烧结碳复合陶瓷线性电阻的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)分别取铝矾土、长石粉、石英和高岭土烘干、粉碎、过筛后，得到粉状原料备用；
(2)按配比称取上述制得的粉状原料，加入分散剂和粘合剂混合，球磨，得到浆料；
(3)将浆料经造粒设备造粒后，再压制成型，得到碳复合陶瓷线性电阻生坯；
(4)将碳复合陶瓷线性电阻生坯加热排胶后，再烧结成型，所得产物冷却、磨制，并在其上下端面喷涂铝电极，侧面涂刷绝缘层，即制得目的产物碳复合陶瓷线性电阻。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种低温烧结碳复合陶瓷线性电阻的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，过筛为过30目筛。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种低温烧结碳复合陶瓷线性电阻的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中，制成的浆液固含量为30-70％。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种低温烧结碳复合陶瓷线性电阻的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)中，加热排胶的温度为400-500℃，时间为1-6小时。
10.根据权利要求6所述的一种低温烧结碳复合陶瓷线性电阻的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)中，烧结的温度为900-1100℃，烧结保温时间为30-120min。
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